pn Junction Under Reverse-Bias Conditions 3.3 Physical Operation of Diodes
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1 3.3 Physcal Orato of os Jucto Ur vrs-bas Cotos rft Currt S : ato to th ffuso Currt comot u to majorty carrr ffuso, caus by thrmally grat morty carrrs, thr ar two currt comots lctros mov by rft from to a hols mov by rft from to a togthr to form th rft currt S, whos rcto s from th s to th s of th jucto. Ur o-crcut cotos o xtral currt xsts; thus S Wh a vrs currt sourc, whr < S, s al to th jucto, th lto layr ws a th barrr voltag crass by volts, whch aars btw th trmals as a rvrs voltag. Fally, qulbrum (stay stat wll b rach wh S h jucto acts as a caactor. Wth W ε s ( 0 q N A N ε s A ε q s N A N C j A W N A N C j 0 Elctroc Crcuts, t. of Elc. Eg., h Chs Uvrsty of Hog Kog, Prof. K.-L. Wu Lsso 0&
2 A mor ractcal formula for Cj s C C j jo 0 m s call grag coffct a ts valu rags from /3 to ½. m Practcally, th rvrs currt s t to a crta xtt o th magtu of th rvrs voltag, cotrary to th thortcal mol, whch stats that S t of th valu of th rvrs voltag al. Nvrthlss, bcaus of th vry low currts volv, o s usually ot trst th tals of th o -v charactrstc th rvrs rcto. Elctroc Crcuts, t. of Elc. Eg., h Chs Uvrsty of Hog Kog, Prof. K.-L. Wu Lsso 0&
3 3.3 Physcal Orato of os Jucto th Brakow go f > S, thr ar two ossbl brakow mchasms: zr ffct f Z < 5 avalach ffct f Z > 7 f 5 < Z < 7, brakow ca b thr th zr or th avalach ffct or a combato of th two. Zr brakow occurs wh th lctrc fl th lto layr crass to th ot whr t ca brak covalt bos a grat lctro-hol ars. h lctros grat ths way wll b swt by th lctrc fl to th s a th hols to th s, whch hls suort th xtral currt. Wth th furthr cras of vrs voltag, th avalach brakow occurs wh th morty carrrs that cross th lto rgo ur th fluc of th lctrc fl ga suffct ktc rgy to b abl to brak covalt bos atoms. h carrrs lbrat by ths rocss may hav suffctly hgh rgy to b abl to caus othr carrrs to b lbrat aothr ozg collso. jucto brakow s ot a structv rocss, rov that th maxmum scf owr ssato s ot xc. hs maxmum owr ssato ratg, tur, mls a maxmum valu for th rvrs currt. Elctroc Crcuts, t. of Elc. Eg., h Chs Uvrsty of Hog Kog, Prof. K.-L. Wu Lsso 0&
4 3.3 Physcal Orato of os Jucto Ur Forwar-Bas Cotos Wth a currt sourc th forwar rcto, th xtral crcut wll caus majorty carrrs to b sul to both ss of th jucto: hols to th matral a lctros to th matral, utralzg som of th ucovr bou charg, arrowg lto layr a rucg th barrr voltag. hus, th ffuso currt crass utl qulbrum s achv wth - S. A mortat rsult from smcouctor hyscs s th law of th jucto: ( x ( x o 0 [ / ( x 0 ] ( x x / L whr L s a costat that trms th stss of th xotal cay. t s call th ffuso lgth of hols th - ty slco. s a costat call th thrmal voltag, gv by k q At room tmratur, s 5. m. Elctroc Crcuts, t. of Elc. Eg., h Chs Uvrsty of Hog Kog, Prof. K.-L. Wu Lsso 0&
5 h currt sty u to hol jcto s gv by J / q q 0 ( x L A smlar rsult ca b obta for th lctros jct across th jucto to th rgo: J / q q 0 ( x L Substtut g for o / N th total currt Aq ( L N L N A s / a for o s ( / / N A f th forwar voltag s gratr tha, th o currt wll b much gratr that S. h o -v charactrstc ca b smly xrss as s /(, s a fx-u aramtr that s clu to accout for o-al ffcts. t has a valu btw a, g o th matral a th hyscal structur of th o. os avalabl as scrt comots grally xhbt. gral, w shall assum ulss othrws scf. Elctroc Crcuts, t. of Elc. Eg., h Chs Uvrsty of Hog Kog, Prof. K.-L. Wu Lsso 0&
6 3.4 Aalyss Of o Crcuts A Sml o Crcut- Grahcal Aalyss Grahcal Aalyss h o crcut show th fgur s obvously bas th forwar rcto. Assumg that > 0.5 or so, a >> S, th S / ( ( Grahcal aalyss s rform by lottg quato ( a ( saratly o th sam coorat systm. h ot of trscto of th two curvs s th soluto satsfyg both quatos. h trscto ot s call oratg ot a th straght l s loa l. Elctroc Crcuts, t. of Elc. Eg., h Chs Uvrsty of Hog Kog, Prof. K.-L. Wu Lsso 0&
7 3.4 Aalyss Of o Crcuts A Sml o Crcut Elctroc Crcuts, t. of Elc. Eg., h Chs Uvrsty of Hog Kog, Prof. K.-L. Wu Lsso 0&
8 A Sml o Crcut Elctroc Crcuts, t. of Elc. Eg., h Chs Uvrsty of Hog Kog, Prof. K.-L. Wu Lsso 0&
9 3.4 Aalyss Of o Crcuts A Sml o Crcut- tratv Aalyss tratv Aalyss trm a wth 5 a kw. Assum that th o has a currt of ma at a voltag of 0.7, a that ts voltag ro chags by 0. for vry ca chag currt. S / ( ( vg by las othr wor l( or log log ( 0 0 ( to ( ( / / ( Alyg (, a (, to ( yls S /, S / Sc th voltag chags by 0. for vry ca chag currt, 0.. h 0.log log ( ( 0 0 trato Equato Elctroc Crcuts, t. of Elc. Eg., h Chs Uvrsty of Hog Kog, Prof. K.-L. Wu Lsso 0&
10 3.4 Aalyss Of o Crcuts A Sml o Crcut- tratv Aalyss 4.3 ma 4.37 ma 0.7 tal guss ( 0.7 a ( ma ( (3 (mor accurat soluto ( 4.3 ma 0. log trato Equato trato Equato 0 ( ( trato Equato ( ma ( ( Soluto: 0.76 v a 4.37 ma Elctroc Crcuts, t. of Elc. Eg., h Chs Uvrsty of Hog Kog, Prof. K.-L. Wu Lsso 0&
11 3.4 Aalyss Of o Crcuts A Sml o Crcut- Smlf Mol Pcws-lar Mol r s call crmtal rsstac for small sgal aalyss. For larg sgal aalyss, a arastc rsstac wll b us sta. Elctroc Crcuts, t. of Elc. Eg., h Chs Uvrsty of Hog Kog, Prof. K.-L. Wu Lsso 0&
12 A Sml o Crcut- Smlf Mol Costat-oltag Mol Elctroc Crcuts, t. of Elc. Eg., h Chs Uvrsty of Hog Kog, Prof. K.-L. Wu Lsso 0&
13 3.4 Aalyss Of o Crcuts Smlf Mol - Examl 5 a kw. tratv Soluto: 0.76 v a, 4.37 ma Elctroc Crcuts, t. of Elc. Eg., h Chs Uvrsty of Hog Kog, Prof. K.-L. Wu Lsso 0&
14 3.4 Aalyss Of o Crcuts h Small-Sgal Mol & ts Alcato For th alcatos whch a o s bas to orat at th oratg ot a a small AC sgal s surmos o th C quatts, th o s bst mol by a straght l whos slo quals to th tagt to th -v curv at th bas ot. th absc of th AC sgal, th o voltag s qual to, th currt flowg through th o s S / Wh th AC sgal v (t s al, th total stataous o voltag v (t a currt (t wll b gv by v ( t ( t S v ( v ( t / a / S 443 v / Elctroc Crcuts, t. of Elc. Eg., h Chs Uvrsty of Hog Kog, Prof. K.-L. Wu Lsso 0&
15 3.4 Aalyss Of o Crcuts h Small-Sgal Mol & ts Alcato v ( t ( t S v ( v ( t / a / S 443 v / f th amltu of th sgal v (t s kt suffctly small such that v << Usg th aylor aroxmato that W hav ( t v lm x 0 x x Cosrg that 5 m, small sgal rfrs to thos whos amltus ar smallr tha about 0 m. a r / v Small sgal rsstac or crmtal rsstac Elctroc Crcuts, t. of Elc. Eg., h Chs Uvrsty of Hog Kog, Prof. K.-L. Wu Lsso 0&
16 Elctroc Crcuts, t. of Elc. Eg., h Chs Uvrsty of Hog Kog, Prof. K.-L. Wu Lsso 0& 3.4 Aalyss Of o Crcuts h Small-Sgal Mol & ts Alcato v t ( v r / Obvously, ( ( 0 v r t for th o orato for small varatos arou th qusct ot Q
17 Elctroc Crcuts, t. of Elc. Eg., h Chs Uvrsty of Hog Kog, Prof. K.-L. Wu Lsso 0& 3.4 Aalyss Of o Crcuts h Small-Sgal Mol & ts Alcato Notc that r s ffrt from r. r s a statc aramtr whl r s yamc aramtr. ( ( ( ( 0 0 s r r r r r v f 0 s v f 0 ( s r v,, r
18 h Small-Sgal Mol & ts Alcato Pak amltu Not that s ffrt from 0 ( 5 m at room tmratur Elctroc Crcuts, t. of Elc. Eg., h Chs Uvrsty of Hog Kog, Prof. K.-L. Wu Lsso 0&
19 h Small-Sgal Mol & ts Alcato NOES: ( Larg sgal rfrs to C aalyss ( r for C aalyss s ffrt from r for AC aalyss Elctroc Crcuts, t. of Elc. Eg., h Chs Uvrsty of Hog Kog, Prof. K.-L. Wu Lsso 0&
20 h Small-Sgal Mol & ts Alcato Elctroc Crcuts, t. of Elc. Eg., h Chs Uvrsty of Hog Kog, Prof. K.-L. Wu Lsso 0&
21 h Small-Sgal Mol & ts Alcato Elctroc Crcuts, t. of Elc. Eg., h Chs Uvrsty of Hog Kog, Prof. K.-L. Wu Lsso 0&
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