STRUCTURAL STABILITY OF ORBITAL INVERSE SHADOWING VECTOR FIELDS. 1. Introduction
|
|
- Charlene Barker
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Trends in Mathematics Information Center for Mathematical Sciences Volume 7, Number 2, December, 200, Pages STRUCTURAL STABILITY OF ORBITAL INVERSE SHADOWING VECTOR FIELDS KEONHEE LEE, ZOONHEE LEE AND YONG ZHANG Abstract. In this paper we give a characterization of the structurally stable vector fields via the notion of orbital inverse shadowing. More precisely it is proved that the C 1 interior of the set of C 1 vector fields with the orbital inverse shadowing property coincides with the set of structurally stable vector fields on a compact smooth manifold. This fact improves the result obtained by K. Moriyasu, K. Sakai and N. Sumi in [13]. 1. Introduction Structurally stable systems (both diffeomorphisms and flows) were the main objects of interest in the global qualitative theory of dynamical systems in the last 30 years. Now we know that structural stability is equivalent to Axiom A combined with the strong transversality condition. One of the most important properties of a structurally stable system is the shadowing property (also known as the pseudo orbit tracing property). The shadowing property is the key of the analysis of such diffeomorphisms or flows. Long time ago, various approaches were applied to show that a structurally stable diffeomorphism has the shadowing property. But the fact that a structurally stable flow has the shadowing property was proved by Pilyugin recently (see [15]). The main difficulty of the shadowing problem for a structurally stable flow is created by the following fact specific for flows. Let p be a nonwandering point of a structurally stable flow. Then the trajectory of p is hyperbolic. Denote by S(p) and U(p) the corresponding stable and unstable subspaces of the hyperbolic structure. If p 1 is a rest point, and p 2 belongs to a nonsingular nonwandering trajectory, then dim(s(p 1 ) + U(p 1 )) dim(s(p 2 ) + U(p 2 )). Hence the hyperbolic structures near rest points and near nonsingular nonwandering trajectories are qualitatively different. Consequently the standard shadowing approaches do not work. In fact, it was proved by K. Sakai [18] that the C 1 interior of the set of diffeomorphisms with the shadowing property coincides with the set of structurally stable diffeomorphisms. However it is still open problem whether the 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary: 37C50; Secondary; 37D20. Key words and phrases. flow; method; shadowing; inverse shadowing; orbital inverse shadowing; structurally stable; vector fields. 213 c 200 Information Center for Mathematical Sciences
2 21 KEONHEE LEE, ZOONHEE LEE AND YONG ZHANG above results can be applied to the case of flows; i.e. is a flow in the C 1 interior of the set of flows (or vector fields) with the shadowing property structurally stable? For the case of flows, the only known result in this direction is that the C 1 interior of the set of topologically stable flows coincides with the set of structurally stable flows (see [1]). The concept of inverse shadowing for homeomorphisms dual to the shadowing was established by Corless and Pilyugin [3], and Kloeden et al [8, 9] redefined this property using the concept of a method. Generally speaking, a homeomorphism has the inverse shadowing property with respect to a class of methods if any trajectory can be uniformly approximated with given accuracy by a δ-pseudotrajectory generated by a method from the chosen class if δ > 0 is sufficiently small. An appropriate choice of the class of admissible pseudotrajectories is crucial here (see [, 10, 16]). It was shown by S. Pilyugin [16] that every structurally stable diffeomorphism on a compact smooth manifold has the inverse shadowing property with respect to the class of continuous methods. Recently K. Lee, Z. Lee [11]introduced the notion of inverse shadowing for flows and showed that every expansive flow with shadowing has the inverse shadowing proeprty. Recently Y. Han and K. Lee [6] proved that every structurally stable flow on a compact smooth manifold has the inverse shadowing property with respect to the class of continuous methods. In this paper we introduce the notion of orbital inverse shadowing for flows and prove that the C 1 interior of the set of vector fields with the orbital inverse shadowing property (or inverse shadowing property) coincides with the set of vector fields satisfying Axiom A and the strong transversality condition. 2. Preliminaries Let M be a compact smooth n-dimensional manifold with a Riemannian metric d. We denote by T x M the tangent space of M at x and by T M the tangent bundle of M. Consider a C 1 vector field X on M and the system of differential equations (1) ẋ = X(x). For two vector fields X and Y on M, we define d C 0(X, Y ) = max X(p) Y (p). p M In this setting, DX(p) is considered as the derivative of the mapping, and for p M we define DX(p) DY (p) = max DX(p)v DY (p)v. v T pm, v =1 Define the C 1 distance d C 1 between two vector fields X and Y on M by d C 1(X, Y ) = d C 0(X, Y ) + max DX(p) DY (p). p M We denote by X 1 (M) the space of C 1 vector fields on M with the topology induced by d C 1.
3 ORBITAL INVERSE SHADOWING VECTOR FIELDS 215 Let Φ : R M M be the solution flow of system (1). We denote by DΦ(t, x) be the corresponding variational flow. For δ, T > 0 we say that a mapping φ : R M is a (δ, T )-pseudotrajectory of system (1) if, for any t R, for s T. For δ, T > 0 we say that a mapping d(φ(s, φ(t)), φ(s + t)) < δ, Ψ : R M M is a (δ, T )-method for system (1) if, for any x M, the map Ψ x : R M defined by Ψ x (t) = Ψ(t, x), t R, is a (δ, T )-pseudotrajectory of system (1). Ψ is said to be complete if Ψ(0, x) = x for x M. Note that a (δ, T )-method for system (1) can be considered as a family of (δ, T )- pseudotrajectories of system (1). A method Ψ for system (1) is said to be continuous if the map given by Ψ : M M R Ψ(x)(t) = Ψ(t, x), x M and t R, is continuous under the compact open topology on M R, where M R denotes the set of all functions from R into M. The set of all complete (δ, T )-methods [resp. complete continuous (δ, T )-methods] for system (1) will be denoted by T a (δ, T, Φ) [resp. T c (δ, T, Φ)]. It is clear that if Y X 1 (M) is another vector field which is sufficiently close to X in the C 0 topology then the system ẋ = Y (x) induces a complete continuous method for system (1). Let T h (δ, T, Φ)[resp. T d (δ, T, Φ)] be the set of all complete continuous (δ, T )- methods for system (1) which are induced by C 1 vector fields Y with d C 0(X, Y ) < δ [resp. d C 1(X, Y ) < δ ]. We say that the system (1) has the inverse shadowing property with respect to the class T α (α = a, c, h, d) if for any ε > 0 and T > 0 there exists δ > 0 such that for any (δ, T )-method Ψ T α (δ, T, Φ) and any point x M there are y M and α y Rep for which d(φ(t, x), Ψ(α y (t), y)) < ε, t R,
4 216 KEONHEE LEE, ZOONHEE LEE AND YONG ZHANG where, Rep denotes the set of increasing homeomorphisms α mapping R onto R with α(0) = Orbital Inverse Shadowing for vector fields DEFINITION 3.1. We say that the system (1) has the orbital inverse shadowing property with respect to the class T α (α = a, c, h, d) if for any ε > 0 and T > 0 there exists δ > 0 such that for any (δ, T )-method Ψ T α (δ, T, Φ) and any point x M there is y M for which d H (O(x, Φ), O(y, Ψ)) < ε, where, d H is Hausdorff metric and O(x, Φ) = {Φ(t, x) : t R}, O(y, Ψ) = {Ψ(t, y) : t R}. Remark 3.2. Let us denote IS α (M) by the set of vector fields with the inverse shadowing property with respect to the class T α, and OIS α (M) by the set of vector fields with the orbital inverse shadowing property with respect to the class T α, where α = a, c, h, d. We denote IS α(m) [resp. OIS α(m)] by the C 1 interior of the set IS α (M) [resp. OIS α (M)] in X 1 (M), where α = a, c, h, d. Clearly we have the following inclusions: IS a (M) IS c (M) IS h (M) IS d (M) OIS a (M) OIS c (M) OIS h (M) OIS d (M). A vector field X X 1 (M) is called structurally stable if there is a C 1 neighborhood U(X) of X X 1 (M) such that every Y U(X) is topologically conjugate to X. It is proved by C. Robinson [17] that if X satisfies Axiom A and the strong transversality condition, then X is structurally stable. The inverse implication is the famous stability conjecture which is proved for diffeomorphisms by R. Mañé [13] and is proved for flows by S. Hayashi [7], L. Wen [19] and S. Gan [5]. The purpose of this paper is to give a characterization of the structurally stable vector fields by making use of the notion of orbital inverse shadowing. The main result of this paper is the following one. For simplicity, we denote OIS d (M) by OIS(M). Main Theorem. The C 1 interior of OIS(M) is characterized as the set of vector fields satisfying Axiom A and the strong transversality condition. We say that X X 1 (M) is topologically stable in X 1 (M) if for any ε > 0, there is δ > 0 such that for any Y X 1 (M) with d C 0(X, Y ) < δ, there is a semiconjugacy (h, τ) from Y to X satisfying d(h(x), x) < ε for all x M. It is easy to see that a topologically stable vector field X X 1 (M) satisfies the orbital inverse shadowing property with respect to the class T h. Thus we have the following Corollary which is the main result obtained by Moriyasu et al in [13].
5 ORBITAL INVERSE SHADOWING VECTOR FIELDS 217 Corollary. The C 1 interior of the set of all topologically stable C 1 vector fields on M is characterized as the set of all vector fields satisfying Axiom A and the strong transversality condition. Before giving the proof of the main theorem, we are going to construct a smooth vector field X IS h (M) which is not topologically stable. This implies that the concept of topological stability for vector fields is surely stronger than that of inverse shadowing. Our construction is through the suspension. For any diffeomorphism f Diff 1 (M), there is a corresponding suspension flow S f X 1 (S M ) of f, where S M is the suspension of M; i.e., the cartesian product of M with the unit circle S 1. Then the followings are straightforward: (1) The suspension flow S f of f Diff 1 (M) is topologically stable if and only if for any ε > 0, there is δ > 0 such that for any g Diff 1 (M) with d C 0(f, g) < δ, there is a semiconjugacy h from g to f satisfying d(h(x), x) < ε for all x M. (2) The suspension flow S f of f Diff 1 (M) has the inverse shadowing property with respect to the class T h if and only if f has the inverse shadowing property with respect to the class T h (for the notion of the inverse shadowing property f, see [11]). The property for f in the previous result (1) is a little different from the original definition of topological stability for homeomorphisms. In the original definition, the perturbation should be a homeomorphism instead of a diffeomorphism. However these two notions are pairwise equivalent if the phase space is the unit circle S 1. More precisely, the following result can be proved by the techniques in [20]. Let f Diff 1 (S 1 ). Then the following are equivalent: (i) f is topologically conjugate to a Morse-Smale diffeomorphism. (ii) f is topologically stable. (iii) for any ε > 0, there is δ > 0 such that for any g Diff 1 (S 1 ) with d C 0(f, g) < δ, there is a semiconjugacy h from g to f satisfying d(h(x), x) < ε for all x S 1. Recently K. Lee and J. Park [11] proved that the shadowing property and the inverse shadowing property for homeomorphisms on the unit circle S 1 are pairwise equivalent. Now we give our construction. In [20], Yano constructed a homeomorphism f of S 1 which has the shadowing property but is not topologically stable. By a slight modification, f can be constructed as a diffeomorphism. By the result before, we know that the suspension flow S f of f is not topologically stable, but it has the inverse shadowing property with respect to the class T h. Let X (M) be the set of all X X 1 (M) with the property that there is a C 1 neighborhood U(X) X 1 (M) of X such that for every Y U(X), whose singularities and periodic orbits are hyperbolic. Denote X (M) all the systems X X (M) with the property that there is a C 1 neighborhood U(X) of X such that
6 218 KEONHEE LEE, ZOONHEE LEE AND YONG ZHANG for each Y U(X), the stable manifolds and the unstable manifolds of singularities and periodic orbits of Y t are all transversal. Recently it is proved by S. Gan [5] that X X (M) if and only if X satisfies Axiom A and the strong transversality condition. Very recently Y. Han and K. Lee [6] proved that every structurally stable vector field satisfies the inverse shadowing property with respect to the class T c. Therefore we get the following inclusions: X (M) = SS(M) IS c (M) OIS c (M) OIS (M), where SS(M) denotes the set of structurally stable vector fields. To prove the main theorem, it is enough to show the following theorem: Theorem. OIS (M) X (M). The proof of the above theorem is completed by the following three propositions. The techniques in our proof are similar to those in [1]. Proposition A. OIS (M) X (M). Proposition B. Let X OIS (M), p Sing(X) and q Sing(X) P O(X t ). Then the stable manifold of p and the unstable manifold of q are transverse. Proposition C. Let X OIS (M) and let γ, γ P O(X t ). Then the stable manifold of γ and the unstable manifold of γ are transverse.. Some Lemmas For each vector field X X 1 (M), we denote the generated flows by X t. Throughout this paper, let Sing(X) be the set of all singularities of X, and let P O(X t ) be the set of all periodic orbits (which are not singularities) of the generated flow X t. We say that p Sing(X) is hyperbolic if the linear map D p X : T p M T p M has no eigenvalue λ with Re(λ) = 0. For a hyperbolic singularity p, we define the stable manifold W s (p, X t ) and the unstable manifold W u (p, X t ) of p as following; W s (p, X t ) = {x M : d(x t (x), p) 0, as t }, W u (p, X t ) = {x M : d(x t (x), p) 0, as t }. A point x M is called a non-wandering point of X if for any neighborhood U of x in M, there is t 1 such that X t (U) U. The set of all non-wandering points of X is denoted by Ω(X t ). Clearly, Sing(X) P O(X t ) Ω(X t ). Hereafter, we assume that the exponential map exp p : T p M(1) M is well defined for all p M, where T p M(1) = {v T p M : v 1}. Let B ε (x) = {y M : d(x, y) ε} (ε > 0). To prove the main theorem, we need the following results in [1].
7 ORBITAL INVERSE SHADOWING VECTOR FIELDS 219 LEMMA.1.([1, Lemma 1.1.]) Let X X 1 (M) and p Sing(X). Then for every C 1 neighborhood U(X) X 1 (M) of X, there are δ 0 > 0 and ε 0 > 0 such that if O δ : T p M T p M is a linear map with O δ D p X < δ < δ 0, then there is Y δ U(X) satisfying Y δ (x) = { (D exp 1 p (x) ) O δ exp 1 p (x) if x B ε0 /(p), X(x) if x / B ε0 (p). Furthermore, d C 1(Y δ, Y 0 ) 0 as δ 0. Here Y 0 is vector field for O δ = D p X. Let X X 1 (M). For every x M \ Sing(X), put ˆΠ x = (SpanX(x)) T x M, Π x,r = exp x ( ˆΠ x,r ) and Π x = Π x,1, where, ˆΠ x,r = {v ˆΠ x : v < r} for r > 0. Then, for given x = X t0 (x)(t 0 > 0), there are r 0 > 0 and a C 1 map τ : Π x,r0 R such that X τ(y) (y) Π x for y Π x,r0 ) and τ(x) = t 0. The flow X t uniquely defines the Poincaré map f : Π x,r0 Π x by f(y) = X τ(y) (y) for y Π x,r0. The map is C 1 embedding whose image is interior to Π x if r 0 is small. We denote the set of all C 1 embeddings from Π x,r to Π x (r > 0) by Emb 1 (Π x,r, Π x ) and topologize it by using the C 1 topology. If X t (x) x for 0 < t t 0 and r 0 is sufficiently small, then (t, y) X t (y) C 1 embeds for 0 < r r 0. The image {(t, y) R Π x,r : 0 t τ(y)} {X t (y) : y Π x,r and 0 t τ(y)} is called a t 0 -time length flow box and is denoted by F x (X t, r, t 0 ). For ε > 0, let N ε (Π x,r ) be the set of all diffeomorphisms ϕ : Π x,r Π x,r such that supp(ϕ) Π x, r and d 2 C1(ϕ, id) < ε. Here d C 1 is the usual C 1 metric, id : Π x,r Π x,r is the identity map and the support of ϕ is the closure of the set where it differs from id. LEMMA.2.([1, Lemma 1.2.]) Let X X 1 (M). Suppose X t (x) x for 0 < t t 0 (x / Sing(X)), and let f : Π x,r0 Π x (x = X t0 (x)) be the Poincaré map (r 0 > 0 is sufficiently small). Then, for every C 1 neighborhood U(X) X 1 (M) of X and 0 < r r 0, there is ε > 0 with the property that for every ϕ N ε (Π x,r ), there exists Y U(X) satisfying { Y (y) = X(y) if x / Fx (X t, r, t 0 ) f Y (y) = f ϕ(y) if y Π x,r. Here f Y : Π x,r Π x is the Poincaré map defined by Y t. Remark.3. Under the same notation and assumption of Lemma.2, let Y δ U(X) be given by Lemma.2 for ϕ δ N ε (Π x,r ) (δ > 0). If ϕ δ ϕ as
8 220 KEONHEE LEE, ZOONHEE LEE AND YONG ZHANG δ 0 with respect to the C 1 topology, then by the construction of Y δ, we have d C 1(Y δ, Y ) 0 as δ 0. Let X X 1 (M) and suppose p γ P O(X t )(X T (p) = p, T > 0). If f : Π p,r0 Π p is the Poincaré map (r 0 > 0), then f(p) = p. We say that γ is hyperbolic if p is a hyperbolic fixed point of f. If γ P O(X t ) is hyperbolic, then the stable manifold W s (γ, X t ) and the unstable manifold W u (γ, X t ) of γ are defined by the usual way. Let γ, γ P O(X t ) be hyperbolic. We say that γ is transverse to γ if for any x W s (γ, X t ) W u (γ, X t ), T x M = T x W s (γ, X t ) + T x W u (γ, X t ). LEMMA..([1, Lemma 1.3.])Let X X 1 (M), p γ P O(X t ) (X T (p) = p) and f : Π p,r0 Π p be as above, and let U(X) X 1 (M) be a C 1 neighborhood of X and 0 < r r 0 be given. Then there are δ 0 > 0 and 0 < ε 0 < r 2 such that for a linear isomorphism O δ : ˆΠ p ˆΠ p with O δ D p f < δ < δ 0, there is Y δ U(X) satisfying (i) Y δ (x) = X(x) if x / F p (X t, r, T ), (ii) p γ P O(Yt δ ), (iii) { expp O g Y δ(x) = δ exp 1 p (x) if x B ε0 /(p) Π p,r f(x) if x / B ε0 (p) Π p,r, where g Y δ : Π p,r Π p is the Poincaré map of Yt δ. Furthermore, let Y 0 be the vector field for O δ = D p f. Then we have (iv) d C 1(Y δ, Y 0 ) 0 as δ Proof of Main Theorem In this section, we will prove Propositions A-C. Proof of Proposition A. The proof is divided into two cases. Case 1. we prove Proposition A for singularities. Let X OIS (M). Suppose that there is an eigenvalue λ of D p X with Re(λ) = 0 for some p Sing(X). By Lemma.1, for any C 1 neighborhood U(X) OIS (M) of X, there are δ 0 > 0 and ε 0 > 0 such that for every linear isomorphism O δ : T p M T p M with O δ D p X < δ < δ 0, there is Y δ U(X) satisfying Y δ (x) = { (D exp 1 p (x) exp p) O δ exp 1 p (x) if x B ε0 /(p) X(x) if x / B ε0 (p). Let Y 0 U(X) be as above for O δ = D p X and denote Y 0 by Y. For 0 < ε < ε 0 16, let 0 < δ < min{δ 0, ε} be as in the definition of OIS(M) of Y t. Pick 0 < δ < δ and a linear isomorphism O δ : T p M T p M whose any eigenvalue has a non-zero real part such that if O δ D p X < δ then d C 1(Y δ, Y ) < δ. Then Yt δ T d (δ, 1, Y ) and p is a hyperbolic singularity of Y δ. The restriction Yt δ Bε0 /(p) can be regarded
9 ORBITAL INVERSE SHADOWING VECTOR FIELDS 221 as the flow induced from the hyperbolic linear vector field O δ exp 1 p (B ε0 /(p)) with respect to the exponential coordinates. Since d C 1(Y, Y δ ) < δ, that is (δ, 1)-method, therefore for any x M, there is a y M such that d H (O(x, Y t ), O(y, Y δ t )) < ε. By the existence of the λ, we can take z M such that p / B ε (O(z, Y t )) B ε0 /8(p) (by reducing ε if necessary). Here B ε (A) = x A B ε(x) for A M. Let w be an orbital inverse shadowing point of O(z, Y t ). We have O(w, Yt δ ) B ε (O(z, Y t )). This is a contradiction since Y δ t hyperbolic linear vector field O δ exp 1 p Bε0 /(p) is regarded as the flow induced from the (B ε0 /(p)) ; i.e., p N ε (O(w, Y δ t )) but p / N ε (O(z, Y t )). Case 2. we prove Proposition A for periodic orbits. We prove for periodic orbits. Let U(X) OIS (M) be a C 1 neighborhood of X and pick p γ P O(X t )(X T (p) = p, T > 0). The flow X t defines the Poincaré map f : Π p,r0 Π p, (for some r 0 > 0). By assuming that there is an eigenvalue λ of D p f with λ = 1, we shall derive a contradiction. Let δ 0 > 0 and 0 < ε 0 < r 0 be given by Lemma. for the U(X). Then, for every linear isomorphism O δ : ˆΠ p ˆΠ p with O δ D p f < δ < δ 0, there is Y δ U(X) such that Y δ (x) = X(x) if x / F p (X t, r 0, T ), g Y δ(x) = { d C 1(Y δ, Y 0 ) 0 as δ 0. exp p O δ exp 1 p (x) if x B ε 0 (p) Π p,r0 f(x) if x / B ε0 (p) Π p,r0, Denote Y 0 by Y. For 0 < ε < ε0 16, let 0 < δ < min{δ 0, ε} be as in the definition of OIS(M) of Y t. Take a 0 < δ < δ and a hyperbolic linear isomorphism O δ : ˆΠ p ˆΠ p such that if O δ D p X < δ then d C 1(Y, Y δ ) < δ. Then Yt δ T d (δ, 1, Y ) and γ is a hyperbolic periodic orbit of Yt δ. Therefore for any x M, there is a y M such that d H (O(x, Y t ), O(y, Y δ t )) < ε. Note that g Y δ (p) = p and the restriction g Y δ B ε0 /(p) Π p,r0 is regarded as the hyperbolic linear isomorphism O δ exp 1 p (B ε0 /(p)) Π p,r 0 with respect to the exponential coordinates. Since λ = 1, we may take z Π p,r0 such that (2) p / B 2ε ({g i Y (z) : i Z}) B ε0 /(p) Π p,r0. Let w be an orbital inverse shadowing point of O(z, Y t ). Set w = Yt δ (w) Π p,r 0, where t = min{ t : Yt δ (w) Π p,r0 }. Since d H (O(z, Y t ), O(w, Y δ t )) < ε.
10 222 KEONHEE LEE, ZOONHEE LEE AND YONG ZHANG we have g i Y δ (w ) N ε ({gy i (z) : i Z}). But g Y δ B ε0 /(p) Π p,r0 is hyperbolic linear isomorphism, we get p N ε ({g i Y δ (w )}). This fact contradicts to (2). Proof of Proposition B. Before the proof of Proposition B, we give the following lemma. Lemma 5.1. Let X X 1 (M). Suppose that p Sing(X) P O(X t ) and q Sing(X) P O(X t ) are hyperbolic and p q. Let x W s (p, X t ) W u (q, X t ). Then there exist ε > 0 and a neighborhood B η (x) of x satisfying: for any y B η (x) s [resp. y B η (x) u ], there exists t > 0 [resp. t < 0] such that d H (X t (y), O(x, X t ) ε. Here s [resp. u )] is the connected component of W s (p, X t ) [resp. W u (q, X t ))] in B η (x) containing x. Proof. We will prove the case that q and p are singularities. The proof of the other cases are similar. Let r 0 > 0 be a small constant such that B r0 (p) is a local chart about p. Let C u (r 0 /2) = B r0/2(p) Wloc u (p). Since x W s (p, X t ) W u (q, X t ), we have Thus C u (r 0 /2) O(x, X t ) =. d H (C u (r 0 /2), O(x, X t )) > 0. Set ε 1 = d H (C u (r 0 /2), O(x, X t ))/2. By the hyperbolicity of p, there exists a neighborhood B η1 (x) of x such that for any y B η1 (x) s, there exists t > 0 with X t (y) N ε1 (C u (r 0 /2)). Thus we have d H (X t (y), O(x, X t )) d H (C u (r 0 /2), O(x, X t )) d H (X t (y), C u (r 0 /2)) 2ε 1 ε 1 = ε 1. Similarly we can choose ε 2 > 0 and η 2 > 0 such that for any y B η2 (x) u, there exists t < 0 satisfying d H (X t (y), O(x, X t ) ε 2. Let ε = min{ε 1, ε 2 } and η = min{η 1, η 2 }. It is easy to see that ε and η satisfy the conclusion. Let us start the proof of Proposition B. Let X OIS (M). Suppose that x W s (p, X t ) W u (q, X t ), p Sing(X), q Sing(X) P O(X t ) and T x M T x W s (p, X t ) + T x W u (q, X t ). We may assume that x is very near p. Take r 0 > 0 small enough so that there are the Poincaré maps f : Π x,r0 Π X1(x) and f : Π X 1(x),r 0 Π x, {X t (x) : t < 0} Π x,r0 = and {X t : t < 1} Π X 1(x),r 0 =, W u 2r 0 (q, X t ) (Π x,r0 Π X 1 (x),r 0 ) =,
11 ORBITAL INVERSE SHADOWING VECTOR FIELDS 223 where W u 2r 0 (q, X t ) is the local unstable manifold of q. Let V s (x) be the connected component of W s (p, X t ) Π x containing x, and V u (x) be the connected component of W u (q, X t ) Π x containing x. Clearly, we have 0 dim V s (x) dim Π x and 0 dim V u (x) dim Π x. If dim V s (x) = dim Π x or dim V u (x) = dim Π x, then there is nothing to prove. Notice that ˆΠ x T x V s (x)+t x V u (x). We shall divide the proof into the following two cases: Case (1.1) dim V s (x) + dim V u (x) < dim Π x, Case (1.2) dim V s (x) + dim V u (x) dim Π x. Proof for case (1.1). Put Vr u (x) be the connected component of V u (x) B r (x) containing x, and Vr s (x) be the connected component of V s (x) B r (x) containing x for r > 0. Choose 0 < r < r 0 with the following properties: for every δ > 0, there exists ϕ δ N ε(δ) (Π x,r0 ) satisfying (3) ϕ δ (V u r (x)) V s (x) =, Vr u(x) = [ 0 t t 1 X t (W2r u 0 (q, X t ))] Π x,r0 B r (x), where t 1 > 0 such that X t1 (x) Wr u 0 (q, X t ), Vr s (x) = [ 0 t t 2 X t (W2r s 0 (p, X t ))] Π x,r0 B r (x), where t 2 > 0 such that X t2 (x) Wr s 0 (p, X t ), B r ({X t (x) : t 0}) Π x,r0 = B r (x) Π x,r. For any small enough δ > 0, we can choose a vector field Y δ given by Lemma.2 from (3); i.e., Y δ satisfies the followings: Y δ (y) = X(y) if y / F x (X t, r 0, 1), g(y) = f ϕ δ (y) if y Π x,r0, d C 1(X, Y δ ) < δ, where g : Π x,r0 Π X1(x) is the Poincaré map induced by Yt δ. We may assume that F x (Yt δ, r 0, 1) Wr s 0 (p, Yt δ ) = for sufficiently small r 0. For vector field X and point x W s (p, X t ) W u (q, X t ), we have the numbers ε > 0 and η > 0 satisfying the conclusion of Lemma 5.1. Take ε > 0 with ε < min{ ε 2, η 2, r 2 }. Let 0 < δ = δ(ε) < ε be the corresponding number with repect to ε in the definition of OIS(M) of X. So Y δ constructed as the above is an element of T d (δ, 1, X t ). For simplicity, we denote Y δ by Y. So, there is w M such that d H (O(x, X t ), O(w, Y t )) < ε. Since X(y) = Y (y) if y / F x (X t, r 0, 1), p is singularity and q is also singularity or periodic orbit if Y t. Thus O(w, Y t ) through B η (x). Take w in the orbit of O(w, Y t ) which is in B η (x) Π x,r0. If w Vr u (x), then by the properties in the construction of Y and by Lemma 5.1, d H (O(x, X t ), O(w, Y t )) ε > ε.
12 22 KEONHEE LEE, ZOONHEE LEE AND YONG ZHANG If w is not in V u r 0 (x), then similarly we have d H (O(x, X t ), O(w, Y t )) ε > ε. Consequently we get a contradiction, and so complete of the proof of case (1.1). Proof for case (1.2). Take a C 1 neighborhood U(X) OIS(M). Let V s (X 1 (x)) [resp. V u (X 1 (x))] be the connected component of W s (p, X t ) Π X 1 (x) [resp. W u (q, X t ) Π X 1 (x)] containing X 1 (x). Let f : Π X 1 (x),r 0 Π x be the Poincaré map. For the above U(X), let µ = µ(u(x)) > 0 be given by Lemma.2. Since ˆΠ x T x V s (x) + T x V u (x) and dim V s (x) + dim V u (x) dim Π x, there are 0 < r 1 < r 0, ϕ N µ (Π X 1(x),r 0 ) and a submanifold V (X 1 (x)) such that Π X 1 (x),r 0 V s (X 1 (x)) B r1 (X 1 (x)) V (X 1 (x)), ϕ(v u (X 1 (x)) B r1 (X 1 (x))) V (X 1 (x)) and ϕ(x 1 (x)) = X 1, dim V s (x) + dim V u (x) dim Π x < dim V (X 1 (x)) < dim Π X 1 (x). Let Y U(X) and g = f ϕ : Π X 1 (x),r 0 Π x (since g(x 1 (x)) = x) be given by Lemma.2. Let V s (x, Y t ) [resp. V u (x, Y t )] be the connected component of W s (p, Y t ) Π x [resp. W u (q, Y t ) Π x ] containing x. If we put V (x, Y t ) = f (V (X 1 (x))), then we get dim V (x, Y t ) < dim Π x. It is easy to choose 0 < r 2 < r 0 satisfying V u (x, Y t ) B r2 (x) V (x, Y t ) and V s (x, Y t ) B r2 (x) V (x, Y t ). By the choice of r 0, we can see that the map f : Π x,r0 Π X1(x) is also a Poincaré map for Y t, q Sing(Y ) P O(Y t ), X t (x) = Y t (x) for t 0. Since Y (y) = X(y) for y / F X 1(x)(X t, r 0, 1), we have W s 2r 0 (p, X t ) = W s 2r 0 (p, Y t ) and W u 2r 0 (q, X t ) = W u 2r 0 (q, Y t ). As in the proof of proposition B in [1], by applying Lemma.2 for Y and f, for any δ > 0 we can obtain Z δ U(X) and r < r 2 such that Z δ is perturbation of ϕ δ N ε(δ) (Π x,r0 ) satisfying ϕ δ (V u r (x, Y t)) V (x, Y t ) =, Z δ (y) = Y (y) if y / F x (Y t, r 0, 1), g (y) = f ϕ δ (y) if y Π x,r0, d C 1(Y, Z δ ) < δ, where g : Π x,r0 Π Y1 (x) is the Poincaré map induced by Zt δ. For C 1 vector field Y and x W s (p, Y t ) W u (q, Y t ), we have numbers ε > 0 and η satisfying Lemma 5.1. Choose a sufficiently small 0 < ε < min{ ε 2, r 2, η 2, µ 2 }, let 0 < δ < ε be as in the definition of OIS(M) of Y t. So Z δ constructed as the above is an element of T d (δ, 1, Y t ). For simplicity, we denote Z δ by Z. By the
13 ORBITAL INVERSE SHADOWING VECTOR FIELDS 225 definition of orbital inverse shadowing for the flow Y t with respect to the point x, there is a y M such that d H (O(x, Y t ), O(y, Z t )) < ε. We can derive a contradiction as in the case (1.1), by applying Lemma 5.1. This completes the proof of Proposition B. Proof of Proposition C. Suppose that γ, γ P O(X t ) are hyperbolic and x W s (γ, X t ) W u (γ, X t ). Fix p γ (X T (p) = p), and let r 0 > 0 be sufficiently small so that we can define the Pioncaré map f : Π p,r0 Π p. Since p is hyperbolic, there are a Df-invariant splitting ˆΠ p = E s p E u p and two constants C > 0, 0 < λ < 1 such that Df m E s p < Cλ m and Df m E < Cλ m for all m 0. Let W σ p u r (p, f) be the connected component of W σ (γ, X t ) Π p,r containing p for σ = s, u and 0 < r r 0. Suppose that x Wr s (p, f) \ intw s 0/2 r (p, f), and let T 0/2 > 0 be the number with f(x) = X T (x) and take 0 < r 1 < r0 such that F p(x t, r 1, T ) F x (X t, r 1, T ) =. Before continuing our proof, we will cite the following result from [1]. Lemma 5.2. ([1, Lemma.1.]) Under the above notation, for every C 1 neighborhood U(X) of X, there are 0 < ε 0 < r 0 and Y U(X) satisfying (i) Y (y) = X(y) if y / F p (X t, r 1, T ) F x (X t, r 1, T ), (ii) γ, γ P O(Y t ) and Y T (p) = p γ, (iii) { expp D g(y) = p f exp 1 p (y) if y B ε0/(p) Π p,r0 f(y) if y / B ε0 (p) Π p,r0, (iv) g(p) = p, x W s r 0 (p, g) and T x W s r 0 (p, g) = T x W s r 0 (p, f), (v) T x W u (γ, Y t ) = T x W u (γ, X t ). Here g : Π p,r0 Π p is the Poincaré map of Y t and Wr σ 0 (p, g) is the connected component of W σ (γ, Y t ) Π p,r0 containing p (σ = s, u). Put Ex σ (ε) = {v Ex σ v ε} for ε > 0 (σ = s, u), and g Emb 1 (Π p,r0, Π p ), p = g(p) Π p and ε 0 > 0 be given by Lemma 5.2. Then exp p (Ep σ ( ε 0 )) Wr σ 0 (p, g) and dim exp p (Ep σ ( ε 0 )) = dim Wr σ 0 (p, g) for σ = s, u since ε 0 is small. For convenience, we denote exp(ep σ (ε)) by Wε σ (p, g) for σ = s, u and 0 < ε ε0. Let X OIS (M), suppose that γ, γ P O(X t ) are hyperbolic and x W s (γ, X t ) W u (γ, X t ). Let p γ(x T (p) = p, T > 0) and f : Π p,r0 Π p (r 0 > 0) be as before. We may assume that x Wr s (p, f) \ intw s 0/2 r 0/2 (p, f), W2r u 0 (γ, X t ) Π p,r0. Here, Wr u 0 (γ, X t ) is the local unstable manifold of γ. Fix a C 1 neighborhood U(X) OIS (M) of X, and let 0 < ε 0 < r 0, Y U(X) and g be given by Lemma 5.2. Thus T x Wr s 0 (p, g) = T x Wr s 0 (p, f), W2r u 0 (γ, X t ) = W2r u 0 (γ, Y t ), and X t (x) = Y t (x) for all t 0. Clearly, 1 dim Wr s 0 (p, g) dim Π p and 1 dim(wr u 0 (γ, Y t ) Π p ) dim Π p. If dim Wr s 0 (p, g) = dim Π p or dim(wr u 0 (γ, Y t ) Π p = dim Π p,
14 226 KEONHEE LEE, ZOONHEE LEE AND YONG ZHANG then the conclusion is clear. Pick l > 0 so large that g l 1 (x) Wε s 0/8 (p, g) and set C u (g l (x)) be the connected coponent of W u (γ, Y t ) Π p containing g l (x). To simplify the notation, denote g l (x) by x. Then we get exp 1 p (C u (x)) ˆΠ p and T x C u (x) = T x (W u (γ, Y t ) Π p ). For a linear subspace E of ˆΠ p and ν > 0, let E ν (x) = {v + exp 1 p (x) v E with v ν} be a piece of an affine space running parallel to E. Let T, T > 0 be numbers with Y T (g 1 (x)) = (x) and Y T (x) = g(x), respectively. Choose a linear subspace E ˆΠ p and 0 < ν 0 < ε 0 /8 such that for every 0 < ν ν 0, exp p (E ν(x)) B ε0 /(p), T x exp p (E ν 0 (x)) = T x C u (x), (F g 1 (x)(y t, ν 0, T ) F x (Y t, ν 0, T )) γ =, {Y t (g 1 (x)) : t < 0} F g 1 (x)(y t, ν 0, T ) = and {Y t (x) : t < 0} F x (Y t, ν 0, T ) =, B ν0 ({Y t (x) : t 0}) F x (Y t, ν 0, T ) Π p,r0 = B ν0 (x) F x (Y t, ν 0, T ) Π p,ro, g i (W s r 0 (p, g) B ν0 (g 1 (x))) B ν0 (g 1 (x)) = for i 1, Y t (C u (g 1 (x))) B ν0 (g 1 (x)) = for all t > 0. Here C u (g 1 (x)) is the connected coponent of W u (γ, Y t ) Π p B ν0 (g 1 (x)) containing g 1 (x). Lemma 5.3. ([13, Lemma.2.]) Fix a C 1 neighborhood U(Y ) U(X) of Y. Then there are 0 < ν 1 < ν0 and Y U(Y ) such that (i) Y (y) = Y (y) if y / F g 1 (x)(y t, ν 0, T ) (ii) Y T (g 1 (x)) = x, (iii) exp p (E ν 1 (x)) W u (γ, Y t ) Π p and T x exp p (E ν 1 (x)) = T x (W u (γ, Y t ) Π p ). Remark 5.. (i) We see that W2r u 0 (γ, Y t ) = W2r u 0 (γ, Y t ) and Y t (x) = Y t (x) for t 0. (ii) Let g : Π p,r0 Π p be the Pioncaré map induced by Y t. Then by Lemma 5.3(i), γ P O(X t ) and g (y) = g(y), if y Π p,r0 \ B ν0 (g 1 (x)). Thus g (p) = g(p). By lemma 5.3(ii), g i (x) = g(x) for all i 0. (iii) By the perturbation used in the above lemma, Wε s 0 /(p, g) may be deformed near g j (x) Wε s 0 /(p, g) for some j > 0. We denote the deformed manifold by Wε s 0 / (p, g ). Then x Wε s 0 / (p, g ) and T x Wε s 0 / (p, g ) = T x Wε s 0 /(p, g). If exp p (E ν 1 (x)) does not meet Wε s (p, 0/ g ) trasverse at x, then the piece E ν(x) of the affine space is not transversal with respect to the local linear stable manifold Ep( s ε 0 ) of p. To simplify the notation, denote Y, g and Wε s 0 / (p, g ) by Y, g, and Wε s (p, g), respectively. If exp 0/ p(e ν 1 (x)) dose not meet Wε/ s (p) transversely at x then there is 0 < r < ν 1 2 such that
15 ORBITAL INVERSE SHADOWING VECTOR FIELDS 227 such that for every δ > 0, there is ψ δ N ε(δ) (Π x,2ν1 ) satisfying { ψδ (exp p (E ν 1 (x)) B r (x)) W s r 0 (p) = ψ δ (y) = y if y / Π x,ν1 exp p (E ν 1 (x)) B r (x) = [ 0 t t 2 Y t (W u 2r 0 (γ, Y t ))] Π p,r0 B r (x), where Y t2 (x) Wr u 0 (γ, Y t ). For C 1 vector field Y and x W s (γ, Y t ) W u (γ, Y t ), we have numbers ε > 0 and η > 0 satisfying the conclusion of Lemma 5.1. Choose a sufficiently small 0 < ε < min{ ε 2, r }, let 0 < δ < ε be the corresponding number with respect 2, η 2 to ε in the definition of OIS(M) of Y t. Then by Lemma.2, we can construct Z U(Y ) for the above perturbation such that Z(z) = Y (z) if z / F x (Y t, 2ν 1, T ), g(z) = g ψ δ (z) if z Π x,2ν1, d C 1(Y, Z) < δ. Here g : Π x,2ν1 Π g(x) is the Poincaré map induced by Z t. Because Z is in T d (δ, 1, Y ), there is y M such that d H (O(x, Y t ), O(y, Z t ) < ε. Because Z(y) = Y (y) for y / F x (Y t, 2ν 1, T ), W s 2r 0 (γ, Z t ) = W s 2r 0 (γ, Y t ) and W u 2r 0 (γ, Z t ) = W u 2r 0 (γ, Y t ). Similar to the proof of Proposition B, we can get a contradiction. This completes the proof of Proposition C. Remark 5.5. The notion of weak inverse shadowing for homeomorphisms was introduced in [1] and it was shown that the weak shadowing property is C 0 generic in the space of homeomorphisms with the C 0 topology. We can introduce the notion of weak inverse shadowing property for flows as follows : we say that the system (1) has the weak inverse shadowing property with respect to the class T α (α = a, c, h, d) if for any (δ, T )-method Ψ T α (δ, T, Φ) and any point x M, there is a y M for which {Ψ t (y) : t R} N ε ({Φ t (x) : t R}). It is proved in [2] that the C 1 interior of the set of diffeomorphisms with the weak inverse shadowing property (with respect to the class T d ) coincides with the set of Ω-stable diffeomorphisms. We can easily show that the C 1 interior of the set of vector fields with the weak inverse shadowing property (with respect to the class T d ) is contained in the set of Ω-stable vector fields. We can easily see that every irrational flows on the 2-dimensional torus has the weak inverse shadowing property (with respect to the class T d ), but it is not Ω-stable. However we do not know yet whether the C 1 interior of the set of vector fields with the weak inverse shadowing property (with respect to the class T d ) coincides with the set of Ω-stable vector fields.
16 228 KEONHEE LEE, ZOONHEE LEE AND YONG ZHANG References [1] T. Choi, S. Kim and K. Lee, Weak inverse shadowing and genericity, preprint. [2] T. Choi, K. Lee and Y. Zhang,Characterizations of Ω-stability and structural stability via inverse shadowing, preprint. [3] R. Corless and S. Pilyugin, Approximate and real trajectories for generic dynamical systems, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 189 (1995), [] P. Diamond, Y. Han and K. Lee, Bishadowing and hyperbolicity, International J. of Bifurcation and Chaos 12 (2002), [5] S. Gan, Another proof for C 1 stability conjecture for flows, Sci. China Ser. A,1 (1998), [6] Y. Han and K. Lee, Inverse shadowing for structurally stable flows, Dynamical Systems: An International Journal 20 (2005), to appear. [7] S. Hayashi, On the solution of C 1 stability conjecture for flows, Ann. Math. 353 (1997), [8] P. Kloeden and J. Ombach, Hyperbolic homeomorphisms and bishadowing, Ann. Polon. Math. XLV (1997), [9] P. Kloeden, J. Ombach and A. Pokrovskii, Continuous and inverse shadowing, Functional Differential Equations 6 (1999) [10] K. Lee, Continuous inverse shadowing and hyperbolicity, Bull. Austral. Math. Soc. 67 (2003), [11] K. Lee and Z. Lee, Inverse shadowing for expansive flows, Bull. Korean. Math. Soc. 0 (2003), [12] K. Lee and J. Park, Inverse shadowing of cirlce maps, Bull. Austral. Math. Soc. 69 (200), [13] R. Mañé, A proof of the C 1 stability conjecture, Publ. Math. I.H.E.S., 66 (1988), [1] K. Moriyasu, K. Sakai and N. Sumi, Vector fields with topological stability, Trans.Amer.Math.Soc.353(2001), [15] S. Pilyugin, Shadowing in structurally stable flows, J. Differential Equations 10 (1997), [16] S. Pilyugin, Inverse shadowing by continuous methods, Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems 8 (2002), [17] C. Robinson, Structural stability of vector fields, Ann. of Math. 99 (197), [18] K. Sakai, Pseudo orbit tracing property and strong transversality of diffeomorphisms on closed manifolds, Osaka J. Math. 31 (199), [19] L. Wen, On the C 1 stability conjecture for flows, J. Differential Equations 129 (1996), [20] K. Yano, Topologically stable homeomorphisms of the circle, Nagoya Math. J. 79 (1980), Keonhee Lee: Department of Mathematics, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, , Korea address: khlee@math.cnu.ac.kr Zoonhee Lee: Department of Mathematics, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, , Korea address: ljh3967@hanmail.com Yong Zhang: Department of Mathematics, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, , Korea; Department of Mathematics, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China address: yzhang@math.chungnam.ac.kr; yongzhang@suda.edu.cn
Hyperbolic homeomorphisms and bishadowing
ANNALES POLONICI MATHEMATICI LXV.2 (1997) Hyperbolic homeomorphisms and bishadowing by P. E. Kloeden (Geelong, Victoria) and J. Ombach (Kraków) Abstract. Hyperbolic homeomorphisms on compact manifolds
More informationHYPERBOLIC SETS WITH NONEMPTY INTERIOR
HYPERBOLIC SETS WITH NONEMPTY INTERIOR TODD FISHER, UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND Abstract. In this paper we study hyperbolic sets with nonempty interior. We prove the folklore theorem that every transitive hyperbolic
More informationC 1 -STABLE INVERSE SHADOWING CHAIN COMPONENTS FOR GENERIC DIFFEOMORPHISMS
Commun. Korean Math. Soc. 24 (2009), No. 1, pp. 127 144 C 1 -STABLE INVERSE SHADOWING CHAIN COMPONENTS FOR GENERIC DIFFEOMORPHISMS Manseob Lee Abstract. Let f be a diffeomorphism of a compact C manifold,
More informationLipschitz shadowing implies structural stability
Lipschitz shadowing implies structural stability Sergei Yu. Pilyugin Sergei B. Tihomirov Abstract We show that the Lipschitz shadowing property of a diffeomorphism is equivalent to structural stability.
More informationMARKOV PARTITIONS FOR HYPERBOLIC SETS
MARKOV PARTITIONS FOR HYPERBOLIC SETS TODD FISHER, HIMAL RATHNAKUMARA Abstract. We show that if f is a diffeomorphism of a manifold to itself, Λ is a mixing (or transitive) hyperbolic set, and V is a neighborhood
More informationIntroduction to Continuous Dynamical Systems
Lecture Notes on Introduction to Continuous Dynamical Systems Fall, 2012 Lee, Keonhee Department of Mathematics Chungnam National Univeristy - 1 - Chap 0. Introduction What is a dynamical system? A dynamical
More informationContinuum-Wise Expansive and Dominated Splitting
Int. Journal of Math. Analysis, Vol. 7, 2013, no. 23, 1149-1154 HIKARI Ltd, www.m-hikari.com Continuum-Wise Expansive and Dominated Splitting Manseob Lee Department of Mathematics Mokwon University Daejeon,
More informationHyperbolic Dynamics. Todd Fisher. Department of Mathematics University of Maryland, College Park. Hyperbolic Dynamics p.
Hyperbolic Dynamics p. 1/36 Hyperbolic Dynamics Todd Fisher tfisher@math.umd.edu Department of Mathematics University of Maryland, College Park Hyperbolic Dynamics p. 2/36 What is a dynamical system? Phase
More informationarxiv: v1 [math.ds] 20 Feb 2017
Homoclinic tangencies and singular hyperbolicity for three-dimensional vector fields Sylvain Crovisier Dawei Yang arxiv:1702.05994v1 [math.ds] 20 Feb 2017 February 2017 Abstract We prove that any vector
More informationTransversality. Abhishek Khetan. December 13, Basics 1. 2 The Transversality Theorem 1. 3 Transversality and Homotopy 2
Transversality Abhishek Khetan December 13, 2017 Contents 1 Basics 1 2 The Transversality Theorem 1 3 Transversality and Homotopy 2 4 Intersection Number Mod 2 4 5 Degree Mod 2 4 1 Basics Definition. Let
More informationfy (X(g)) Y (f)x(g) gy (X(f)) Y (g)x(f)) = fx(y (g)) + gx(y (f)) fy (X(g)) gy (X(f))
1. Basic algebra of vector fields Let V be a finite dimensional vector space over R. Recall that V = {L : V R} is defined to be the set of all linear maps to R. V is isomorphic to V, but there is no canonical
More informationSHADOWING PROPERTY FOR INDUCED SET-VALUED DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS OF SOME EXPANSIVE MAPS
Dynamic Systems and Applications 19 (2010) 405-414 SHADOWING PROPERTY FOR INDUCED SET-VALUED DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS OF SOME EXPANSIVE MAPS YUHU WU 1,2 AND XIAOPING XUE 1 1 Department of Mathematics, Harbin
More informationVolume-Preserving Diffeomorphisms with Periodic Shadowing
Int. Journal of Math. Analysis, Vol. 7, 2013, no. 48, 2379-2383 HIKARI Ltd, www.m-hikari.com htt://dx.doi.org/10.12988/ijma.2013.37187 Volume-Preserving Diffeomorhisms with Periodic Shadowing Manseob Lee
More informationConsequences of Shadowing Property of G-spaces
Int. Journal of Math. Analysis, Vol. 7, 013, no. 1, 579-588 Consequences of Shadowing Property of G-spaces Ekta Shah and Tarun Das Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science The Maharaja Sayajirao University
More informationThe Structure of Hyperbolic Sets
The Structure of Hyperbolic Sets p. 1/35 The Structure of Hyperbolic Sets Todd Fisher tfisher@math.umd.edu Department of Mathematics University of Maryland, College Park The Structure of Hyperbolic Sets
More information27. Topological classification of complex linear foliations
27. Topological classification of complex linear foliations 545 H. Find the expression of the corresponding element [Γ ε ] H 1 (L ε, Z) through [Γ 1 ε], [Γ 2 ε], [δ ε ]. Problem 26.24. Prove that for any
More informationOn the dynamics of strongly tridiagonal competitive-cooperative system
On the dynamics of strongly tridiagonal competitive-cooperative system Chun Fang University of Helsinki International Conference on Advances on Fractals and Related Topics, Hong Kong December 14, 2012
More informationApril 13, We now extend the structure of the horseshoe to more general kinds of invariant. x (v) λ n v.
April 3, 005 - Hyperbolic Sets We now extend the structure of the horseshoe to more general kinds of invariant sets. Let r, and let f D r (M) where M is a Riemannian manifold. A compact f invariant set
More informationSINGULAR HYPERBOLIC SYSTEMS
PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY Volume 127, Number 11, Pages 3393 3401 S 0002-9939(99)04936-9 Article electronically published on May 4, 1999 SINGULAR HYPERBOLIC SYSTEMS C. A. MORALES,
More informationSHADOWING AND INVERSE SHADOWING IN SET-VALUED DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS. HYPERBOLIC CASE. Sergei Yu. Pilyugin Janosch Rieger. 1.
Topological Methods in Nonlinear Analysis Journal of the Juliusz Schauder Center Volume 32, 2008, 151 164 SHADOWING AND INVERSE SHADOWING IN SET-VALUED DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS. HYPERBOLIC CASE Sergei Yu. Pilyugin
More informationDIFFERENTIABLE CONJUGACY NEAR COMPACT INVARIANT MANIFOLDS
DIFFERENTIABLE CONJUGACY NEAR COMPACT INVARIANT MANIFOLDS CLARK ROBINSON 0. Introduction In this paper 1, we show how the differentiable linearization of a diffeomorphism near a hyperbolic fixed point
More informationEssential hyperbolicity versus homoclinic bifurcations. Global dynamics beyond uniform hyperbolicity, Beijing 2009 Sylvain Crovisier - Enrique Pujals
Essential hyperbolicity versus homoclinic bifurcations Global dynamics beyond uniform hyperbolicity, Beijing 2009 Sylvain Crovisier - Enrique Pujals Generic dynamics Consider: M: compact boundaryless manifold,
More informationChap. 1. Some Differential Geometric Tools
Chap. 1. Some Differential Geometric Tools 1. Manifold, Diffeomorphism 1.1. The Implicit Function Theorem ϕ : U R n R n p (0 p < n), of class C k (k 1) x 0 U such that ϕ(x 0 ) = 0 rank Dϕ(x) = n p x U
More informationProblem: A class of dynamical systems characterized by a fast divergence of the orbits. A paradigmatic example: the Arnold cat.
À È Ê ÇÄÁ Ë ËÌ ÅË Problem: A class of dynamical systems characterized by a fast divergence of the orbits A paradigmatic example: the Arnold cat. The closure of a homoclinic orbit. The shadowing lemma.
More informationMath 868 Final Exam. Part 1. Complete 5 of the following 7 sentences to make a precise definition (5 points each). Y (φ t ) Y lim
SOLUTIONS Dec 13, 218 Math 868 Final Exam In this exam, all manifolds, maps, vector fields, etc. are smooth. Part 1. Complete 5 of the following 7 sentences to make a precise definition (5 points each).
More informationManifolds and tangent bundles. Vector fields and flows. 1 Differential manifolds, smooth maps, submanifolds
MA 755 Fall 05. Notes #1. I. Kogan. Manifolds and tangent bundles. Vector fields and flows. 1 Differential manifolds, smooth maps, submanifolds Definition 1 An n-dimensional C k -differentiable manifold
More informationTRIVIAL CENTRALIZERS FOR AXIOM A DIFFEOMORPHISMS
TRIVIAL CENTRALIZERS FOR AXIOM A DIFFEOMORPHISMS TODD FISHER Abstract. We show there is a residual set of non-anosov C Axiom A diffeomorphisms with the no cycles property whose elements have trivial centralizer.
More informationProblem set 7 Math 207A, Fall 2011 Solutions
Problem set 7 Math 207A, Fall 2011 s 1. Classify the equilibrium (x, y) = (0, 0) of the system x t = x, y t = y + x 2. Is the equilibrium hyperbolic? Find an equation for the trajectories in (x, y)- phase
More informationA Note on V. I. Arnold s Chord Conjecture. Casim Abbas. 1 Introduction
IMRN International Mathematics Research Notices 1999, No. 4 A Note on V. I. Arnold s Chord Conjecture Casim Abbas 1 Introduction This paper makes a contribution to a conjecture of V. I. Arnold in contact
More informationORBITAL SHADOWING, INTERNAL CHAIN TRANSITIVITY
ORBITAL SHADOWING, INTERNAL CHAIN TRANSITIVITY AND ω-limit SETS CHRIS GOOD AND JONATHAN MEDDAUGH Abstract. Let f : X X be a continuous map on a compact metric space, let ω f be the collection of ω-limit
More informationi = f iα : φ i (U i ) ψ α (V α ) which satisfy 1 ) Df iα = Df jβ D(φ j φ 1 i ). (39)
2.3 The derivative A description of the tangent bundle is not complete without defining the derivative of a general smooth map of manifolds f : M N. Such a map may be defined locally in charts (U i, φ
More information450 Jong-Myung Kim, Young-Hee Kye and Keon-Hee Lee We say that a continuous ow is C 1 2 if each orbit map p is C 1 for each p 2 M. For any p 2 M the o
J. Korean Math. Soc. 35 (1998), No. 2, pp. 449{463 ORBITAL LIPSCHITZ STABILITY AND EXPONENTIAL ASYMPTOTIC STABILITY IN DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS Jong-Myung Kim, Young-Hee Kye and Keon-Hee Lee Abstract. In this
More informationSRB MEASURES FOR AXIOM A ENDOMORPHISMS
SRB MEASURES FOR AXIOM A ENDOMORPHISMS MARIUSZ URBANSKI AND CHRISTIAN WOLF Abstract. Let Λ be a basic set of an Axiom A endomorphism on n- dimensional compact Riemannian manifold. In this paper, we provide
More informationTHE JORDAN-BROUWER SEPARATION THEOREM
THE JORDAN-BROUWER SEPARATION THEOREM WOLFGANG SCHMALTZ Abstract. The Classical Jordan Curve Theorem says that every simple closed curve in R 2 divides the plane into two pieces, an inside and an outside
More informationMATRIX LIE GROUPS AND LIE GROUPS
MATRIX LIE GROUPS AND LIE GROUPS Steven Sy December 7, 2005 I MATRIX LIE GROUPS Definition: A matrix Lie group is a closed subgroup of Thus if is any sequence of matrices in, and for some, then either
More informationBordism and the Pontryagin-Thom Theorem
Bordism and the Pontryagin-Thom Theorem Richard Wong Differential Topology Term Paper December 2, 2016 1 Introduction Given the classification of low dimensional manifolds up to equivalence relations such
More information2.10 Saddles, Nodes, Foci and Centers
2.10 Saddles, Nodes, Foci and Centers In Section 1.5, a linear system (1 where x R 2 was said to have a saddle, node, focus or center at the origin if its phase portrait was linearly equivalent to one
More informationON CHARACTERISTIC 0 AND WEAKLY ALMOST PERIODIC FLOWS. Hyungsoo Song
Kangweon-Kyungki Math. Jour. 11 (2003), No. 2, pp. 161 167 ON CHARACTERISTIC 0 AND WEAKLY ALMOST PERIODIC FLOWS Hyungsoo Song Abstract. The purpose of this paper is to study and characterize the notions
More informationON THE PERIODIC ORBITS, SHADOWING AND STRONG TRANSITIVITY OF CONTINUOUS FLOWS
ON THE PERIODIC ORBITS, SHADOWING AND STRONG TRANSITIVITY OF CONTINUOUS FOWS MÁRIO BESSA, MARIA JOANA TORRES AND PAUO VARANDAS Abstract. We prove that chaotic flows (i.e. flows that satisfy the shadowing
More informationarxiv: v3 [math.ds] 1 Feb 2018
Existence of common zeros for commuting vector fields on 3-manifolds II. Solving global difficulties. Sébastien Alvarez Christian Bonatti Bruno Santiago arxiv:1710.06743v3 [math.ds] 1 Feb 2018 Abstract
More informationBIFURCATION PHENOMENA Lecture 1: Qualitative theory of planar ODEs
BIFURCATION PHENOMENA Lecture 1: Qualitative theory of planar ODEs Yuri A. Kuznetsov August, 2010 Contents 1. Solutions and orbits. 2. Equilibria. 3. Periodic orbits and limit cycles. 4. Homoclinic orbits.
More informationTopology. Xiaolong Han. Department of Mathematics, California State University, Northridge, CA 91330, USA address:
Topology Xiaolong Han Department of Mathematics, California State University, Northridge, CA 91330, USA E-mail address: Xiaolong.Han@csun.edu Remark. You are entitled to a reward of 1 point toward a homework
More informationChapter 3. Riemannian Manifolds - I. The subject of this thesis is to extend the combinatorial curve reconstruction approach to curves
Chapter 3 Riemannian Manifolds - I The subject of this thesis is to extend the combinatorial curve reconstruction approach to curves embedded in Riemannian manifolds. A Riemannian manifold is an abstraction
More information(Non-)Existence of periodic orbits in dynamical systems
(Non-)Existence of periodic orbits in dynamical systems Konstantin Athanassopoulos Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics University of Crete June 3, 2014 onstantin Athanassopoulos (Univ. of
More informationLYAPUNOV STABILITY OF CLOSED SETS IN IMPULSIVE SEMIDYNAMICAL SYSTEMS
Electronic Journal of Differential Equations, Vol. 2010(2010, No. 78, pp. 1 18. ISSN: 1072-6691. URL: http://ejde.math.txstate.edu or http://ejde.math.unt.edu ftp ejde.math.txstate.edu LYAPUNOV STABILITY
More informationC 1 DENSITY OF AXIOM A FOR 1D DYNAMICS
C 1 DENSITY OF AXIOM A FOR 1D DYNAMICS DAVID DIICA Abstract. We outline a proof of the C 1 unimodal maps of the interval. density of Axiom A systems among the set of 1. Introduction The amazing theory
More information10. The subgroup subalgebra correspondence. Homogeneous spaces.
10. The subgroup subalgebra correspondence. Homogeneous spaces. 10.1. The concept of a Lie subgroup of a Lie group. We have seen that if G is a Lie group and H G a subgroup which is at the same time a
More informationRESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES RIMS On self-intersection of singularity sets of fold maps. Tatsuro SHIMIZU.
RIMS-1895 On self-intersection of singularity sets of fold maps By Tatsuro SHIMIZU November 2018 RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES KYOTO UNIVERSITY, Kyoto, Japan On self-intersection of singularity
More informationDynamics of Group Actions and Minimal Sets
University of Illinois at Chicago www.math.uic.edu/ hurder First Joint Meeting of the Sociedad de Matemática de Chile American Mathematical Society Special Session on Group Actions: Probability and Dynamics
More informationHOLONOMY GROUPOIDS OF SINGULAR FOLIATIONS
j. differential geometry 58 (2001) 467-500 HOLONOMY GROUPOIDS OF SINGULAR FOLIATIONS CLAIRE DEBORD Abstract We give a new construction of Lie groupoids which is particularly well adapted to the generalization
More informationBredon, Introduction to compact transformation groups, Academic Press
1 Introduction Outline Section 3: Topology of 2-orbifolds: Compact group actions Compact group actions Orbit spaces. Tubes and slices. Path-lifting, covering homotopy Locally smooth actions Smooth actions
More informationAlgebraic Topology European Mathematical Society Zürich 2008 Tammo tom Dieck Georg-August-Universität
1 Algebraic Topology European Mathematical Society Zürich 2008 Tammo tom Dieck Georg-August-Universität Corrections for the first printing Page 7 +6: j is already assumed to be an inclusion. But the assertion
More informationSOME REMARKS ON THE TOPOLOGY OF HYPERBOLIC ACTIONS OF R n ON n-manifolds
SOME REMARKS ON THE TOPOLOGY OF HYPERBOLIC ACTIONS OF R n ON n-manifolds DAMIEN BOULOC Abstract. This paper contains some more results on the topology of a nondegenerate action of R n on a compact connected
More informationRobustly transitive diffeomorphisms
Robustly transitive diffeomorphisms Todd Fisher tfisher@math.byu.edu Department of Mathematics, Brigham Young University Summer School, Chengdu, China 2009 Dynamical systems The setting for a dynamical
More informationTHEODORE VORONOV DIFFERENTIABLE MANIFOLDS. Fall Last updated: November 26, (Under construction.)
4 Vector fields Last updated: November 26, 2009. (Under construction.) 4.1 Tangent vectors as derivations After we have introduced topological notions, we can come back to analysis on manifolds. Let M
More informationB 1 = {B(x, r) x = (x 1, x 2 ) H, 0 < r < x 2 }. (a) Show that B = B 1 B 2 is a basis for a topology on X.
Math 6342/7350: Topology and Geometry Sample Preliminary Exam Questions 1. For each of the following topological spaces X i, determine whether X i and X i X i are homeomorphic. (a) X 1 = [0, 1] (b) X 2
More informationNonlocally Maximal Hyperbolic Sets for Flows
Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive All Theses and Dissertations 2015-06-01 Nonlocally Maximal Hyperbolic Sets for Flows Taylor Michael Petty Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional
More informationDIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY CLASS NOTES INSTRUCTOR: F. MARQUES. September 25, 2015
DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY CLASS NOTES INSTRUCTOR: F. MARQUES MAGGIE MILLER September 25, 2015 1. 09/16/2015 1.1. Textbooks. Textbooks relevant to this class are Riemannian Geometry by do Carmo Riemannian Geometry
More informationThe Lusin Theorem and Horizontal Graphs in the Heisenberg Group
Analysis and Geometry in Metric Spaces Research Article DOI: 10.2478/agms-2013-0008 AGMS 2013 295-301 The Lusin Theorem and Horizontal Graphs in the Heisenberg Group Abstract In this paper we prove that
More informationLecture 18 Stable Manifold Theorem
Lecture 18 Stable Manifold Theorem March 4, 2008 Theorem 0.1 (Stable Manifold Theorem) Let f diff k (M) and Λ be a hyperbolic set for f with hyperbolic constants λ (0, 1) and C 1. Then there exists an
More informationMath 215B: Solutions 3
Math 215B: Solutions 3 (1) For this problem you may assume the classification of smooth one-dimensional manifolds: Any compact smooth one-dimensional manifold is diffeomorphic to a finite disjoint union
More informationUniversität Regensburg Mathematik
Universität Regensburg Mathematik Harmonic spinors and local deformations of the metric Bernd Ammann, Mattias Dahl, and Emmanuel Humbert Preprint Nr. 03/2010 HARMONIC SPINORS AND LOCAL DEFORMATIONS OF
More informationA Brief History of Morse Homology
A Brief History of Morse Homology Yanfeng Chen Abstract Morse theory was originally due to Marston Morse [5]. It gives us a method to study the topology of a manifold using the information of the critical
More informationDIFFERENTIAL TOPOLOGY AND THE POINCARÉ-HOPF THEOREM
DIFFERENTIAL TOPOLOGY AND THE POINCARÉ-HOPF THEOREM ARIEL HAFFTKA 1. Introduction In this paper we approach the topology of smooth manifolds using differential tools, as opposed to algebraic ones such
More informationPEKING UNIVERSITY DOCTORAL DISSERTATION
1 PEKING UNIVERSITY DOCTORAL DISSERTATION TITLE: Anosov Endomorphisms: Shift Equivalence And Shift Equivalence Classes NAME: ZHANG Meirong STUDENT NO.: 18601804 DEPARTMENT: Mathematics SPECIALITY: Pure
More informationarxiv: v1 [math.ds] 22 Jun 2010
On the inverse limit stability of endomorphisms arxiv:1006.4302v1 [math.ds] 22 Jun 2010 Pierre Berger, LAGA Institut Galilée, Université Paris 13, France Alvaro Rovella, Facultad de Ciencias, Uruguay may
More informationLECTURE 28: VECTOR BUNDLES AND FIBER BUNDLES
LECTURE 28: VECTOR BUNDLES AND FIBER BUNDLES 1. Vector Bundles In general, smooth manifolds are very non-linear. However, there exist many smooth manifolds which admit very nice partial linear structures.
More informationMathematische Annalen
Math. Ann. 334, 457 464 (2006) Mathematische Annalen DOI: 10.1007/s00208-005-0743-2 The Julia Set of Hénon Maps John Erik Fornæss Received:6 July 2005 / Published online: 9 January 2006 Springer-Verlag
More informationGeometric control and dynamical systems
Université de Nice - Sophia Antipolis & Institut Universitaire de France 9th AIMS International Conference on Dynamical Systems, Differential Equations and Applications Control of an inverted pendulum
More informationNonlinear Autonomous Dynamical systems of two dimensions. Part A
Nonlinear Autonomous Dynamical systems of two dimensions Part A Nonlinear Autonomous Dynamical systems of two dimensions x f ( x, y), x(0) x vector field y g( xy, ), y(0) y F ( f, g) 0 0 f, g are continuous
More informationTOPOLOGICAL ENTROPY FOR DIFFERENTIABLE MAPS OF INTERVALS
Chung, Y-.M. Osaka J. Math. 38 (200), 2 TOPOLOGICAL ENTROPY FOR DIFFERENTIABLE MAPS OF INTERVALS YONG MOO CHUNG (Received February 9, 998) Let Á be a compact interval of the real line. For a continuous
More informationLECTURE: KOBORDISMENTHEORIE, WINTER TERM 2011/12; SUMMARY AND LITERATURE
LECTURE: KOBORDISMENTHEORIE, WINTER TERM 2011/12; SUMMARY AND LITERATURE JOHANNES EBERT 1.1. October 11th. 1. Recapitulation from differential topology Definition 1.1. Let M m, N n, be two smooth manifolds
More informationA Crash Course of Floer Homology for Lagrangian Intersections
A Crash Course of Floer Homology for Lagrangian Intersections Manabu AKAHO Department of Mathematics Tokyo Metropolitan University akaho@math.metro-u.ac.jp 1 Introduction There are several kinds of Floer
More informationarxiv:math/ v1 [math.dg] 23 Dec 2001
arxiv:math/0112260v1 [math.dg] 23 Dec 2001 VOLUME PRESERVING EMBEDDINGS OF OPEN SUBSETS OF Ê n INTO MANIFOLDS FELIX SCHLENK Abstract. We consider a connected smooth n-dimensional manifold M endowed with
More informationDefinition 5.1. A vector field v on a manifold M is map M T M such that for all x M, v(x) T x M.
5 Vector fields Last updated: March 12, 2012. 5.1 Definition and general properties We first need to define what a vector field is. Definition 5.1. A vector field v on a manifold M is map M T M such that
More informationLECTURE 11: TRANSVERSALITY
LECTURE 11: TRANSVERSALITY Let f : M N be a smooth map. In the past three lectures, we are mainly studying the image of f, especially when f is an embedding. Today we would like to study the pre-image
More informationIntegration and Manifolds
Integration and Manifolds Course No. 100 311 Fall 2007 Michael Stoll Contents 1. Manifolds 2 2. Differentiable Maps and Tangent Spaces 8 3. Vector Bundles and the Tangent Bundle 13 4. Orientation and Orientability
More informationCHAPTER 1 PRELIMINARIES
CHAPTER 1 PRELIMINARIES 1.1 Introduction The aim of this chapter is to give basic concepts, preliminary notions and some results which we shall use in the subsequent chapters of the thesis. 1.2 Differentiable
More informationON THE PRODUCT OF SEPARABLE METRIC SPACES
Georgian Mathematical Journal Volume 8 (2001), Number 4, 785 790 ON THE PRODUCT OF SEPARABLE METRIC SPACES D. KIGHURADZE Abstract. Some properties of the dimension function dim on the class of separable
More informationMorse Theory for Lagrange Multipliers
Morse Theory for Lagrange Multipliers γ=0 grad γ grad f Guangbo Xu Princeton University and Steve Schecter North Carolina State University 1 2 Outline 3 (1) History of Mathematics 1950 2050. Chapter 1.
More informationPATH CONNECTEDNESS AND ENTROPY DENSITY OF THE SPACE OF HYPERBOLIC ERGODIC MEASURES
PATH CONNECTEDNESS AND ENTROPY DENSITY OF THE SPACE OF HYPERBOLIC ERGODIC MEASURES ANTON GORODETSKI AND YAKOV PESIN Abstract. We show that the space of hyperbolic ergodic measures of a given index supported
More informationCHAPTER 1. Preliminaries Basic Relevant Algebra Introduction to Differential Geometry. By Christian Bär
CHAPTER 1 Preliminaries 1.1. Basic Relevant Algebra 1.2. Introduction to Differential Geometry By Christian Bär Inthis lecturewegiveabriefintroductiontothe theoryofmanifoldsandrelatedbasic concepts of
More informationProperties for systems with weak invariant manifolds
Statistical properties for systems with weak invariant manifolds Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto Joint work with José F. Alves Workshop rare & extreme Gibbs-Markov-Young structure Let M
More informationON MORSE-SMALE ENDOMORPHISMS. M.Brin and Ya.Pesin 1
ON MORSE-SMALE ENDOMORPHISMS M.Brin and Ya.Pesin 1 Abstract. A C 1 -map f of a compact manifold M is a Morse Smale endomorphism if the nonwandering set of f is finite and hyperbolic and the local stable
More informationThe optimal partial transport problem
The optimal partial transport problem Alessio Figalli Abstract Given two densities f and g, we consider the problem of transporting a fraction m [0, min{ f L 1, g L 1}] of the mass of f onto g minimizing
More informationWhitney topology and spaces of preference relations. Abstract
Whitney topology and spaces of preference relations Oleksandra Hubal Lviv National University Michael Zarichnyi University of Rzeszow, Lviv National University Abstract The strong Whitney topology on the
More informationChapter 1. Smooth Manifolds
Chapter 1. Smooth Manifolds Theorem 1. [Exercise 1.18] Let M be a topological manifold. Then any two smooth atlases for M determine the same smooth structure if and only if their union is a smooth atlas.
More informationAN EFFECTIVE METRIC ON C(H, K) WITH NORMAL STRUCTURE. Mona Nabiei (Received 23 June, 2015)
NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS Volume 46 (2016), 53-64 AN EFFECTIVE METRIC ON C(H, K) WITH NORMAL STRUCTURE Mona Nabiei (Received 23 June, 2015) Abstract. This study first defines a new metric with
More information1 Smooth manifolds and Lie groups
An undergraduate approach to Lie theory Slide 1 Andrew Baker, Glasgow Glasgow, 12/11/1999 1 Smooth manifolds and Lie groups A continuous g : V 1 V 2 with V k R m k open is called smooth if it is infinitely
More informationOn the Diffeomorphism Group of S 1 S 2. Allen Hatcher
On the Diffeomorphism Group of S 1 S 2 Allen Hatcher This is a revision, written in December 2003, of a paper of the same title that appeared in the Proceedings of the AMS 83 (1981), 427-430. The main
More informationarxiv: v1 [math.ds] 19 Jan 2017
A robustly transitive diffeomorphism of Kan s type CHENG CHENG, SHAOBO GAN AND YI SHI January 2, 217 arxiv:171.5282v1 [math.ds] 19 Jan 217 Abstract We construct a family of partially hyperbolic skew-product
More informationHomoclinic tangencies and hyperbolicity for surface diffeomorphisms
Annals of Mathematics, 151 (2000), 961 1023 Homoclinic tangencies and hyperbolicity for surface diffeomorphisms By Enrique R. Pujals and Martín Sambarino* Abstract We prove here that in the complement
More informationGeneral Topology. Summer Term Michael Kunzinger
General Topology Summer Term 2016 Michael Kunzinger michael.kunzinger@univie.ac.at Universität Wien Fakultät für Mathematik Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1 A-1090 Wien Preface These are lecture notes for a
More informationLifting Smooth Homotopies of Orbit Spaces of Proper Lie Group Actions
Journal of Lie Theory Volume 15 (2005) 447 456 c 2005 Heldermann Verlag Lifting Smooth Homotopies of Orbit Spaces of Proper Lie Group Actions Marja Kankaanrinta Communicated by J. D. Lawson Abstract. By
More informationThe parallelism of shape operator related to the generalized Tanaka-Webster connection on real hypersurfaces in complex two-plane Grassmannians
Proceedings of The Fifteenth International Workshop on Diff. Geom. 15(2011) 183-196 The parallelism of shape operator related to the generalized Tanaka-Webster connection on real hypersurfaces in complex
More informationarxiv: v1 [math.ds] 16 Nov 2010
Essential hyperbolicity and homoclinic bifurcations: a dichotomy phenomenon/mechanism for diffeomorphisms arxiv:1011.3836v1 [math.ds] 16 Nov 2010 Sylvain Crovisier Enrique R. Pujals October 30, 2018 Abstract
More informationLECTURE 9: THE WHITNEY EMBEDDING THEOREM
LECTURE 9: THE WHITNEY EMBEDDING THEOREM Historically, the word manifold (Mannigfaltigkeit in German) first appeared in Riemann s doctoral thesis in 1851. At the early times, manifolds are defined extrinsically:
More informationPARTIAL HYPERBOLICITY AND FOLIATIONS IN T 3
PARTIAL HYPERBOLICITY AND FOLIATIONS IN T 3 RAFAEL POTRIE Abstract. We prove that dynamical coherence is an open and closed property in the space of partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms of T 3 isotopic
More informationBROUWER FIXED POINT THEOREM. Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Preliminaries 1 3. Brouwer fixed point theorem 3 Acknowledgments 8 References 8
BROUWER FIXED POINT THEOREM DANIELE CARATELLI Abstract. This paper aims at proving the Brouwer fixed point theorem for smooth maps. The theorem states that any continuous (smooth in our proof) function
More informationINVERSE FUNCTION THEOREM and SURFACES IN R n
INVERSE FUNCTION THEOREM and SURFACES IN R n Let f C k (U; R n ), with U R n open. Assume df(a) GL(R n ), where a U. The Inverse Function Theorem says there is an open neighborhood V U of a in R n so that
More information