Distance vs. Displacement, Speed vs Velocity, Velocity vs Acceleration
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1 Distance vs. Displacement, Speed vs Velocity, and Velocity vs Acceleration
2 Everything in the universe is in motion. How do we know? Motion David is in Motion Megan is in Motion
3 Everything in the universe is in motion. How do we know? World is rotating Motion
4 Everything in the universe is in motion. How do we know? World is rotating World is revolving Motion
5 Everything in the universe is in motion. How do we know? World is rotating World is revolving The Solar System is revolving around a galactic center Motion
6 Everything in the universe is in motion. How do we know? World is rotating World is revolving The Solar System is revolving around a galactic center The Universe is expanding Motion
7 Everything in the universe is in motion. How do we know? World is rotating World is revolving The Solar System is revolving around a galactic center The Universe is expanding Motion is Relative Motion Hi Dad! Hi Mom!
8 Everything in the universe is in motion. How do we know? World is rotating World is revolving The Solar System is revolving around a galactic center The Universe is expanding Motion is Relative Everything has its own reference frame Shout out to Einstein Motion Motion Motion REFERENCE
9 NOTES...LIVE AND IN COLOR!!!
10 I would suggest you take notes like this: Motion: Speed: Measure of how fast something is moving Speed = Distance Time Speed is a rate: something divided by time SI units for Speed: (m/s) Instantaneous Speed vs Average Speed Instantaneous Speed speed at any given moment of time Average Speed total distance covered over a time interval Speed is scalar (magnitude but no direction) Velocity is a vector (magnitude and direction) Speed: 1 Scalar Magnitude only Velocity: 1 Vector Magnitude & Direction Distance: How far you travel. Motion: Displacement: How far you are from where you began (your POSITION). SPEED Example: Given: S = 12 m / s t = 10. s Find: d =??? t x S avg = d x t t St = d a = Δ v Δt Change in velocity Change in time Gravity is an acceleration Gravity = 9.8 m / s 2 d = St d = (12 m / s)(10. s) = 120 m Acceleration: Units: m s 2 Ways to Accelerate: Speed up Slow down Change direction 2 Savg = d t Savg = average speed t = time d = distance 2 vavg = vavg = average velocity t = time d t d = DISPLACEMENT ACCELERATION Example: If my car accelerates from 25 m / s to 30 m / s in 2.0 seconds, what is its acceleration? Δv a = = Δt UNITS: v 2 v 1 t 2 t 1 m / s s == = m s 30 m / s 25 m / s 2.0 s 0.0 s x x 1 s == m s 2 = 2.5 m / s s a = 2.5 m / s2
11
12 Measure of how fast something is moving
13 Measure of how fast something is moving Speed = Distance Time
14 Measure of how fast something is moving Speed = Distance Time Speed is a rate: something divided by time
15 Measure of how fast something is moving Speed = Distance Time Speed is a rate: something divided by time SI units for Speed: (m/s)
16
17 Instantaneous Speed speed at any given moment of time
18 Instantaneous Speed speed at any given moment of time Average Speed total distance covered over a time interval
19 Instantaneous Speed speed at any given moment of time Average Speed total distance covered over a time interval
20 Instantaneous Speed speed at any given moment of time Average Speed total distance covered over a time interval Speed is scalar (magnitude but no direction)
21 Instantaneous Speed speed at any given moment of time Average Speed total distance covered over a time interval Speed is scalar (magnitude but no direction) Velocity is a vector (magnitude and direction)
22 Who says direction Who says direction doesn't matter? doesn't matter? 1 m / s 1 m / s OR
23 Speed: 1) Scalar Magnitude only 2) S avg = S avg = t = time d t d = distance average speed Velocity: 1 Vector Magnitude & Direction 2 v avg = v avg = t = time d t average velocity d = DISPLACEMENT
24 What's the Difference??? Distance: How far you travel. Displacement: How far you are from where you began your POSITION.
25 What distance did I travel? Distance or Displacement?
26 SPEED Title Page
27 1 Need for Speed: 1) 1. If Usain Bolt can maintain a constant speed of 12 m/s, he will cover 12 meters every second. At this rate, how far will he travel in 10. seconds?
28 Need for Speed: 1) 1. If Usain Bolt can maintain a constant speed of 12 m/s, he will cover 12 meters every second. At this rate, how far will he travel in 10. seconds? t x S avg = d t x t d = St St = d d = (12 m / s )(10. s) = 120 m
29 2 Need for Speed: 2) 2. If Usain Bolt can maintain a constant speed of 12 m/s, he will cover 12 meters every second. At this rate, how far will he travel in 1 minute?
30 Need for Speed: 2) 2. If Usain Bolt can maintain a constant speed of 12 m/s, he will cover 12 meters every second. At this rate, how far will he travel in 1 minute? 1 min x d = St 60 s 1 min = 60 s ( ) d = (12 m / s )(60 s) = 720 m
31 Title Page
32 a = v / t Change in velocity Change in time
33 a = v / t Change in velocity Change in time Ways to Accelerate:
34 a = v / t Change in velocity Change in time Ways to Accelerate: Speed up
35 a = v / t Change in velocity Change in time Ways to Accelerate: Speed up Slow down
36 a = v / t Change in velocity Change in time Ways to Accelerate: Speed up Slow down Change direction
37 a = v / t Change in velocity Change in time Ways to Accelerate: Speed up Slow down Change direction Units:
38 a = v / t Change in velocity Change in time Ways to Accelerate: Speed up Slow down Change direction Units: m s 2
39 If my car accelerates from 25 m / s to 30 m / s in 2.0 seconds, what is its acceleration? 1 Use 2 SIG FIGS!!!
40 If my car accelerates from 25 m / s to 30 m / s in 2.0 seconds, what is its acceleration? a = Δv Δt
41 If my car accelerates from 25 m / s to 30 m / s in 2.0 seconds, what is its acceleration? Δv a = = Δt v 2 v 1 t 2 t 1
42 If my car accelerates from 25 m / s to 30 m / s in 2.0 seconds, what is its acceleration? Δv a = = Δt v 2 v 1 t 2 t 1 = 30 m / s 25 m / s 2.0 s 0.0 s
43 If my car accelerates from 25 m / s to 30 m / s in 2.0 seconds, what is its acceleration? Δv a = = Δt v 2 v 1 t 2 t 1 = 30 m / s 25 m / s 2.0 s 0.0 s = 2.5 m / s s
44 If my car accelerates from 25 m / s to 30 m / s in 2.0 seconds, what is its acceleration? Δv a = = Δt v 2 v 1 t 2 t 1 = 30 m / s 25 m / s 2.0 s 0.0 s = 2.5 m / s s UNITS: m / s m / s s
45 If my car accelerates from 25 m / s to 30 m / s in 2.0 seconds, what is its acceleration? Δv a = = Δt v 2 v 1 t 2 t 1 = 30 m / s 25 m / s 2.0 s 0.0 s = 2.5 m / s s UNITS: m / s m / s s = m x m s 1 1 s
46 If my car accelerates from 25 m / s to 30 m / s in 2.0 seconds, what is its acceleration? Δv a = = Δt v 2 v 1 t 2 t 1 = 30 m / s 25 m / s 2.0 s 0.0 s = 2.5 m / s s UNITS: UNITS: m / s m / s s = m x m s 1 = m s 2 1 s m s 2
47 If my car accelerates from 25 m / s to 30 m / s in 2.0 seconds, what is its acceleration? Δv a = = Δt v 2 v 1 t 2 t 1 = 30 m / s 25 m / s 2.0 s 0.0 s = 2.5 m / s s UNITS: UNITS: m / s m / s s = m x m s 1 = m s 2 1 s m s 2 a = 2.5 m / s 2
48 Gravity is an: a = Δ v Δt Gravity = 9.8 m/s 2
49 Gravity is constant on Earth. It causes the same rate of acceleration for ALL falling objects.
50 DEMO TIME: If I drop these at the same time, the constant acceleration of gravity implies they should hit the ground at the same time. Will they???
51 DEMO TIME: HOW ABOUT NOW???
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