Hopper-Flow of Lunar Regolith Simulants in Reduced Gravity and Vacuum
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1 Hopper-Flow of Lunar Regolith Simulants in Reduced Gravity and Vacuum Philipp Reiss, Philipp Hager, Alexander Hoehn Technische Universität München 05 November th Regional Americas Conference of the ISTVS Tampa, Florida 1
2 Phoenix NASA SAM NASA 7th Regional Americas Conference of the International Society for Terrain-Vehicle Systems Scope of the Experiment Investigating the flowability of lunar regolith simulants under reduced gravity and vacuum Background: Geophysical sampling instruments on Moon Problem of transporting regolith in feeding systems? Here: Feed hopper 2 2
3 Flowability Parameters Sample material JSC-1A / NU-LHT-2M Inclination angle of funnel 55 / 60 / 65 / 70 / 75 deg Outlet width of funnel 8 / 13 / 18 mm Pre-consolidation Sample mass 27 to 46 g Ambient pressure 0.07 to 6.10 mbar Gravitation 1.00 / 0.38 / 0.16 g Funnel geometry Symmetrical / asymmetrical Electrostatic charge Moisture Wall friction Vibration 3 3
4 Experiment Setup 24 hopper configurations Sample container (PVC, PC) Vacuum chamber 4 4
5 Experiment Setup Experiment rack Vacuum chamber with sample containers during operation 5 5
6 JSC-1A USGS NU-LHT-2M ArnoldReinhold 7th Regional Americas Conference of the International Society for Terrain-Vehicle Systems Experiment Overview 24 Hopper configurations 2 Lunar regolith simulants 124 Parabolas 13x Mars-g (0.38g) 12x Moon-g (0.16g) 6x Zero-g (0g) ~ 1000 Measurement s 2-9 repetitions during each parabola 6 6
7 Philipp Reiss 7th Regional Americas Conference of the International Society for Terrain-Vehicle Systems Flow Examples Mars (0.38 g) Moon (0.16 g) Moon (0.16 g) NU-LHT-2M 60 deg inclination 8 mm outlet 7 7
8 Observations during Operation Gas inclusions slow the material flow. Material sticks to the walls of the sample container. Sample volume expands (lower bulk density). Random occurrence of arching and clogging. Material flow lasts longer than one parabola (at Moon-g, ~26 s). Exemplary video stills: 8 8
9 Philipp Reiss Scale factor [-] Scale factor [-] 7th Regional Americas Conference of the International Society for Terrain-Vehicle Systems Results and Conclusions 1. Flow rate is proportional to gravity. 2. Flow rate is proportional to outlet size. 3. For constant flow rate the outlet size is inversely proportional to the gravity. Flow rate vs. gravity (average and standard deviation) Flow rate vs. outlet size (average and standard deviation) JSC-1A NU-LHT-2M JSC-1A NU-LHT-2M 0.38 g / 1 g 0.16 g / 1 g JSC-1A NU-LHT-2M JSC-1A NU-LHT-2M 18 mm / 8 mm 13 mm / 8 mm g 0.38 g 8 mm 13 mm 1 g 0.16 g 8 mm 18 mm 9 9
10 Results and Conclusions 1. Flow rate is proportional to gravity. 2. Flow rate is proportional to outlet size. 3. For constant flow rate the outlet size is inversely proportional to the gravity. 4. Arching and clogging occurs randomly. 5. Higher inclinations tend to lead to higher flow rates. 6. Good repeatability and high flow rates for configurations with 65 deg, 70 deg, 8 mm, 13 mm. 7. Best repeatability and moderate flow rate for asymmetrical configurations
11 This work was supported by: Project LUISE-2 (DLR grant no. 50JR1210) German aerospace agency (DLR) European Space Agency (ESA) Centre National d'etudes Spatiales (CNES) Novespace Kayser-Threde GmbH IGEP at Technische Universität Braunschweig ILM at Otto von Guericke Universität Magdeburg Philipp Reiss Technische Universität München 11
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