Spherical Arrays for Sound-Radiation Analysis and Synthesis. Hannes Pomberger Franz Zotter

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1 Spherical Arrays for Sound-Radiation Analysis and Synthesis Hannes Pomberger Franz Zotter

2 Spherical Arrays for Analysis and Synthesis of Radiation Hohl, Deboy, Zotter, 2009 Baumgartner, Messner, 2010 Zotter, Pomberger, Zaar, Kößler 2009, Jochum, Reiner 2007

3 Pioneering Works Domains that are interested in sound-radiation of Musical Instruments: - Recording - Room Acoustics - Music - Perception Jürgen Meyer artificially excited instrument 1966: wind instruments. 1972: 1st ed. Ausg:

4 Pioneering Works Jürgen Meyer (1972) Weinreich and Arnold (1980) Pierre Boulez IRCAM (70s, Pierre Boulez) Franck Giron (1996) Cook and Trueman (1998) Olivier Warusfel et al. (1997-) La Timée Gabriel Weinreich La Timée Cook&Trueman

5 Remaining Issues Theoretical concept of sound-radiation recording and playback with spherical arrays Practical requirements, models, and processing ideas for sound-radiation Mathematical-physical basics for discrete recording, processing, and playback techniques Note: Advantage of spherical microphone arrays direct capture instruments under musical excitation

6 Sound Radiation example: radiation saron barung (a Gamelan metallophone) 1st mic: frontal instrument height 2nd mic: frontal elevated

7 Sound Radiation Sound-source captured at 2 positions: bonang barung two signals x 1 (t) and x 2 (t) sound-radiation signal angular coordinates

8 Theory of Sound-Radiation Analysis Soap-Bubble Model Radial sound particle velocity Image: put musician and instrument into a big enough soap-bubble

9 Theory of Sound-Radiation Analysis Soap-Bubble Model Radial sound particle velocity Image: put musician and instrument into a big enough soap-bubble

10 Theory of Sound-Radiation Analysis Surrounding Spherical Mic-Array Sound pressure Image: put musician and instrument into a big enough mic-array

11 Spherical Radiation Pattern angular band-limit

12 Spherical Harmonics 12

13 Theory of Sound-Radiation Analysis Surrounding Spherical Mic-Array Sound pressure Image: put musician and instrument into a big enough mic-array How do we interpolate?

14 Decomposition of Sound-Radiation Signals radiation pattern with finite angular bandwidth

15 Decomposition of Sound-Radiation Signals radiation pattern with finte angular bandwith

16 Decomposition of Sound-Radiation Signals inversion yields coefficients This is how we interpolate (DEMO): Nachbar, Nistelberger Baumgartner, Messner 2010.

17

18 Compact Spherical Loudspeaker Arrays Suitable for Holophony of Sound Radiation Warusfel, Caussé, et al 1997 (FR) Behler, Witew, Pollow, (DE) Avizienis, Freed, Kassakian, Wessel, 2006 Schmeder 2009 (US) Rafaely, Peleg, (IL) Zotter, Pomberger, Kerscher, (AT) Pasqual, Herzog, Arruda, (BR/FR)

19 Measuring the Directivity of a Compact Spherical Loudspeaker Array

20 Directivity of a Compact Spherical Loudspeaker Array: An Acoustic MIMO-System

21 Directivity of One Array-Speaker

22 Directivity of a Compact Spherical Loudspeaker Array: An Acoustic MIMO-System

23 Different Angular Array-Layouts? Lokki, Pollow, Behler, Reuter, 2008-

24 Directivity of a Compact Spherical Loudspeaker Array: An Acoustic MIMO-System

25 Directivity of a Compact Spherical Loudspeaker Array: An Acoustic MIMO-System

26 Directivity of a Compact Spherical Loudspeaker Array: An Acoustic MIMO-System Array Design Error range / control Dependency on Frequency (Acoustics)

27 Compact Spherical Loudspeaker Array Surface r0

28 Compact Spherical Loudspeaker Array Surface r0

29 Compact Spherical Loudspeaker Array Surface r 0 physical shape / ALIASING

30 Compact Spherical Loudspeaker Array Surface r 0 unphysical attempt: ALIASING SUPPRESSION

31 Compact Spherical Loudspeaker Array Surface r 0 But: How? General Rule:

32 Compact Spherical Loudspeaker Array Radiation Spherical Boundary Value Problem (Neumann) Helmholtz-equation (ac.wv.) Laplace-operator (spherical coordinates, chain rule)

33 small array / large array / long wave (lo f) short wave (hi f) on surface in air

34 long wave (lo f) on surface

35 long wave (lo f) in air

36 short wave (hi f) on surface

37 short wave (hi f) in air

38 Radial Propagation Term / Controllability in air controlled uncontrolled lo f hi f

39 Radial Propagation Term / Aliasing in air ALIASING SUPPRESSION UNSUPPRESSED ALIASING controlled uncontrolled lo f hi f

40 Radial Propagation Term / Frequency Ranges for N=2 in air lo f hi f

41 Different Array-Radii

42 Spherical Beam - DEMO

43 Conclusions Aliasing? Centering? Recording Analysis / Interpolation Broad-band Hi-Res? Playback Synthesis / Model Aliasing vs Radiation

44 Literature M. Thesis Michael Kerscher (amazon) PhD Thesis Franz Zotter (here) And various things online under

45 Questions? Aliasing? Centering? Recording Analysis / Interpolation Broad-band Hi-Res? Playback Synthesis / Model Aliasing vs Radiation

46 CUBE-DEMO You hear yourself

47 Ambisonics Spatial Rendering Order N: relates to desired spatial smoothing and the number of available loudspeakers

48 Ambisonics

49

50 Verso la composizione eco-acustica Una veloce panoramica di tecniche e generi di produzione audio da suoni ambientali... di David Monacchi From the environmental sound-art project: "Fragments of Extinction - Acoustic Biodiversity of the Primary Equatorial Rainforests" by David Monacchi

51 resolution 1 (unsharp) Institut für Elektronische Musik und Akustik

52 resolution 2 (unsharp) Institut für Elektronische Musik und Akustik

53 resolution 3 (sharp) Institut für Elektronische Musik und Akustik

54 resolution on sphere

55 increasing the resolution

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