Improved Coupled Tank Liquid Levels System Based on Swarm Adaptive Tuning of Hybrid Proportional-Integral Neural Network Controller
|
|
- Junior Richardson
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Amercan J. of Engneerng and Appled Scences (4): , 009 ISSN Scence Publcaons Improved Coupled Tan Lqud Levels Sysem Based on Swarm Adapve Tunng of Hybrd Proporonal-Inegral Neural Newor Conroller M.S. Raml, RM.T. Raa Ismal, M.A. Ahmad, S. Mohamad Naw and M.A. Ma Hussn Faculy of Elecrcal and Elecroncs Engneerng, Unversy Malaysa Pahang, Malaysa Absrac: Problem saemen: Accuracy and sably of many sysems n chemcal and process ndusres whch has Two-Inpu Two-Oupu (TITO) s one of he ey facors of process whch have cross couplng beween process npu and oupu. Approach: Unle radonal neural newor wegh adapaon usng graden descen mehod, Parcles Swarm Opmzaon (PSO) echnque was ulzed for adapve unng of neural newor weghs adusmen and fne unng he conroller s parameers. Desgn approach for conrollng lqud levels of Coupled Tan TITO sysem by usng hybrd PI-Neural Newor (hybrd PI-NN) conrollers. Resuls: Tunng mehod for parameers of mproved hybrd PI- NN conroller was also dscussed. Concluson: Performances of proposed mehod also compared wh PID-NN conrollers, was shown ha hybrd PI-NN conroller exhbed beer performance n erms of ransen response analyss. Key words: NN, PSO, level conrol, waer an INTRODUCTION Lqud an sysems play mporan role n ndusral applcaon such as n food processng, beverage, dary, flraon, effluen reamen, pharmaceucal ndusry, waer purfcaon sysem, ndusral chemcal processng and spray coang. A ypcal suaon s one ha requres flud o be suppled o a chemcal reacor a a consan rae. An upper an can be used for flerng he varaons n he upsream supply flow. Many mes he lqud wll be processed by chemcal or mxng reamen n he ans, bu always he level of he flud n he ans mus be conrolled. Val ndusres where lqud level and flow conrol are essenal nclude perochemcal ndusres, paper mang ndusres, waer reamen ndusres []. In order o acheve hgh performance, feedbac conrol sysem s adoped. Classcal PID conroller s wdely appled n ndusry conrol such as emperaure conrol, speed conrol, poson conrol, bu s dffcul for PID regulaon o reach he am of hgh speed and shor ranson me and small overshoo []. Advanced conrol mehods also have been proposed by several researchers such as sldng mode conrol [3] and nonlnear bac seppng conrol [4], unng mehods based on opmzaon approaches wh he am of ensurng good sably robusness have receved aenon n he leraure [5,6]. Accurae model and s parameers whch capure he characersc of he coupled an sysem s requred for desgnng s conroller for achevng a good performance. The specfc pon acled n he sudy s abou he advanages of usng a new hybrd PI-NN nsead of a PID-NN conroller, conssng of PSO, Neural Newor (NN) and PI conroller. From a generc unng rule he opmum sengs from an Inegral Squared Error creron pon of vew are derved. The valdaon resul shows ha hybrd PI-NN conroller much faser han PID-NN and also good robusness and small overshoo. Process plan descrpon: The schemac dagram of he coupled an sysem consdered n hs sudy s shown n Fg. where Q {Q, Q } are he nle flow rae o an and, Q s he lqud flow rae from an o an hrough orfce, Q o {Q o, Q o } are he oule flow rae of an and and h {h, h } denoes he lqud level of an and, respecvely. In hs smulaon, he arge s o conrol he level n wo ans by he nle lqud flow from wo pumps. The process npu are u {u (), u ()} (volage npu o pumps) and he oupu are h {h (), h ()} lqud level n an and respecvely. Correspondng Auhor: M.S. Raml, Faculy of Elecrcal and Elecroncs Engneerng, Unversy Malaysa Pahang, Malaysa 669
2 Am. J. Engg. & Appled Sc., (4): , 009 Fg. : Schemac of coupled an process The nonlnear plan equaons can be obaned by mass balance equaons and Bernoull s law. Afer lnearzaon process, he lnear plan equaons can be obaned as: a g a g h ɺ () U () H () + A A h A h h H () H () x [ ] a g a g h ɺ () U () H () + A A h A h h H () H () x [ ] () A The cross seconal area of an and (cm ) a The cross seconal area of oule hole of an, and he cross seconal area of oned openng beween an and (cm ) The valve rao a he oule of an The valve rao a he oule of an x The valve rao beween an and, h, h are he seady-sae waer level of an and g The gravy (cm sec ), The gan of pump and pump (cm 3 Vsec ), respecvely From he lnear plan Eq., can be ransformed o yeld a nomnal bloc ransfer funcon of he form (): h (s) (s) (s) u (s) h (s) (s) (s) u (s) () 670 Fg. : Neuron form Through smple algebrac manpulaon, he ransfer marx (s) yelds o: Tx + T s + A TTx A Tx (s) (s) Tx + T s + A Tx A T T x (s) (s) T T + T T + T T x x x s + s T TTx T T T Tx TTx (3) provded ha T s he me consan of an, T s he me consan of an and T x s he me consan neracon beween an and. Accordng o ransfer marx (s) n () and (3), he ransfer funcons of coupled-an process are second order form whch have cross couplng beween process npu and oupus. The decouplng conrollers are requred for mnmzng he effecs from cross couplng and ransform TITO plan ransfer funcon no SISO form. Ths s where neural newor srucure s nroduced a whch can be funconng as he decoupler conroller. PID neural newor conroller: A conrol srucure for conrollng he lqud level an usng PID neural newor conroller as shown n Fg. where has an npu s and an oupu θ. The propery of a neuron s decded by he npu-oupu acvaon funcon (f) whereby he P-neuron, I-neuron and D-neuron are represenng he Proporonal (P) funcon, Inegral (I) funcon and Dervaves (D) funcon, respecvely. For any neuron (namely he h neuron) n he newor whch has n- npus, a any me, he npu of he neuron s gven by:
3 Am. J. Engg. & Appled Sc., (4): , 009 n wx () (4) s () x () The oupus of n- conneced neurons n foregong layer and The conneced weghs w The oupu of hs neuron wll depend on s acvaon funcon whch can be Proporonal (P), Inegral (I) or Dervave (D) funcons. The neuron s oupu for each funcon s shown n Table. As a rule, a basc PID-NN consss of wo npu neurons and one oupu neurons whereby he hdden layer of hs newor srucure s made of hree neurons whch each represenng P, I and D acvaon funcon respecvely. The basc PID-NN s as shown n Fg. 3. Through connecve wegh adapaon beween layers, he PID-NN s acually acng as a convenonal PID conroller. Snce PID conrollers have been wdely used n ndusry, ha s o say here are much experence o choose P, I and D parameers n order o su he sysem s sably whou changng one s plan. The conrol sysem for conrollng he coupled an level sysem consss of several basc PID-NN whereby every basc PID-NN s a sub-ne. The mul PID-NN conrol sysem s shown n Fg. 4. The srucure of mul PID-NN s specal. If suable connecve weghs are obaned, each sub-ne of PID-NN s comparavely equal o a PID conroller. By referrng o Fg. 3 of he basc PID-NN, le say ha: w +, w, w o K P, w o K I, w 3o K D Table : Acvaon funcon for each ype of neuron Type of neuron P I D Oupu, θ () s () 0 s ()d ds () d Then, he npu o he newor srucure wll be: s w x r y e (5) Meanwhle, he newor oupu (dependng on he ype of neuron) of he hdden layer for each neuron s obaned as: θ f (s ) (6) Therefore, we derved he oal oupu for he basc PID-NN as shown n Fg. 3 as: (7) o w ox de K Pe K I ed KD θ + + d A any rae, he manpulaed varable sgnals neced no he plan as shown n Fg. 4 s obaned as: U θ (8) Hybrd PI-neural newor conroller: A combnaonal PI conroller wh neural newor srucure for conrollng he lqud level sysem of he coupled an as follows. Proporonal-Inegral (PI) conroller s a feedbac conroller whch drves he plan o be conrolled wh a weghed sum of error (dfference beween oupu and desred response) and he negral of ha value. The general model for a PI conroller s gven n Eq. 9: PI (s) H E H (s) E (s) P I (9) sk + K s The process varable The dfference beween he oupu and he desred response K P and K I The proporonal and negral gans respecvely Fg. 3: Basc PID-NN 67 Fg. 4: (TITO) process wh mul PID-NN conrol sysem
4 Am. J. Engg. & Appled Sc., (4): , 009 Fg. 5: (TITO) process wh hybrd PI-NN conrol sysem The hybrd PI-NN s consruced by seres cascadng he PI conrollers wh a neural newor srucure as shown n Fg. 5 Throughou he newor, he lnear acvaon funcon s used n all neurons. Fgure 5 shows he plan ransfer funcon (s) ha has he cross couplng beween process npus and oupus. Because of neracon beween processes, he neural newor srucures wll bascally ac as a decoupler conroller for mnmzng he cross couplng effecs va s connecve wegh adapaon. In conras o he PID-NN, he manpulaed varable sgnals neced no he plan for he hybrd PI- NN s obaned as: U O (0) where we have: and O W O appled n many research and applcaon areas. I has been demonsraed ha PSO ges beer resuls n a faser and cheaper way as compared wh oher mehods. Frs nroduced by Eberhar and Kennedy [8], PSO, le oher evoluonary compuaons, can ypcally nalze a pool of parcles wh random brd posons (called agen) n wo-dmensonal space [9] where each s represened by a pon n he X-Y coordnaes and he velocy s smlarly defned. Brd flocng s assumed o opmze a ceran fness funcon. Each agen nows s bes value so far (pbes) and s curren poson. Ths nformaon s an analogy of personal experence of an agen. Each agen res o modfy s poson usng he concep of velocy. The velocy of each agen can be updaed by he followng equaon: ψ ωψ + η Γ (pbes Ω ) + η Γ (gbes Ω ) () + Ψ ω η and η The velocy of agen a eraon Weghng funcon Weghng facors Γ and Γ The cognve and socal learnng parameers whch generaed randomly beween 0 and Ω p bes g bes The curren poson of agen a eraon The p bes of agen The bes value so far n he group among he p bess of all agens The followng weghng funcon s normally used n Eq. : O W O The ne oupu O on he oher hand, comes from Eq. 9 whch yeld o O (s)e (s) PI Parcles swarm opmzaon: Overvew of he PSO: PSO s a mehod for opmzng hard numercal funcon on meaphor of socal behavor of flocs of brds and schools of fsh. Ths echnque has been wdely used n across wde range of applcaon such as n communcaon, bomedcal [`]. I also has, very recenly, emerges as an mporan combnaoral meaheursc echnque for boh connuous-me and dscree-me opmzaon. In pas several years, PSO algorhms have been successfully 67 ω ω max mn ω ωmax ermax er ω max The nal wegh ω mn The fnal wegh er max The maxmum eraon number er The curren eraon number () Usng he prevous equaon, a ceran velocy, whch gradually brngs he agen close o pbes and gbes, can be calculaed. The curren poson (search pon n he soluon space) can be modfed by he followng equaon:
5 Am. J. Engg. & Appled Sc., (4): , 009 Ω Ω + Ψ (3) + + A some eraon, he poson of he agen based on Eq. 3 mgh be flyng-off from he nal lm. Hence, a fly-bac algorhm s mplemened o brng bac he agen o whn he lm. The fly-bac pseudocode used n he program s presened below: + If Ω less han Ω mn Ω + Ω mn +(Ω max -Ω mn)x r and else f Ω + more han Ω max Ω + Ω mn +(Ω max -Ω mn )X r and end Model reference adapve unng usng PSO: In boh PID-NN and hybrd PI-NN conrol sysems; he am of he conrollers algorhm s o mnmze he followng fness funcon (f ): n n m f E { R }(q) H (q) [ ] (4) ref m q R The desred se-pons and H The oupus of he sysem as shown n Fg. 4 and 5 Sep : Evaluae he fness funcon values by f (Ω ) assgnng each Ω as he neural newor weghs and he conroller s parameers. Sep 3: Assgn he global and local bes posons: Se he local bes poson for each parcle usng pbes Ω and compare he evaluaed fness values and fnd he global bes poson gbes Ω, for some J N, such ha f ( Ω ) f ( Ω ) for I, N. Sep 4: Search for mnmum value of f : Updae he parcle veloces Ψ I accordng o Eq. Updae all posons Ω usng formula (3). Chec all posons o ensure ha Ω Ω Ω. If any mn max of he componens of he poson vecors go ou of bounds, hey can be called bac usng he fly-bac algorhm Evaluae f ( Ω ) (I,,,N) Updae he local bes poson: f f ( Ω ) < f (pbes ) Then pbes Ω Updae he global bes poson gbes, by leng gbes Ω, for some J N such ha f ( Ω ) < f ( Ω ) for (I,,,N) Meanwhle, q (,,,n) s he seral number. ref s he frs order model reference ransfer funcon and s represened as: ref (s) (5) τ s + where, τ he me consan for shapng he oupu ransen responses o be as desred. The connecve weghs of PID-NN and hybrd PI- NN as well as he PI parameers are changed and opmzed on each eraon of he PSO. Before begnnng he opmzaon, a populaon sze (.e., number of parcles) N and a maxmum number of eraons er max are chosen. The compuaon flow of PSO echnque can be descrbed n he followng seps: Sep 5: Repea Sep. 4 unl a goal s reached or he number of eraons s surpassed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The parameers of he coupled an sysem are aen as follows: Cross seconal area of an and, A 66.5 (cm ) Hegh of each an H 8.5 (cm) Area of he couplng orfce, a (cm ) Valve rao a he oule of an, Valve rao a he oule of an, Valve raon of he oule beween an and, x ravaonal rae g 98 cm sec Sep : Randomly nalze he populaon: selec he (normalzed) parcle posons Ω Ω, Ω,, Ω N and veloces Ψ Ψ, Ψ,, Ψ N (,,,N) from unform dsrbuons wh Ω { Ω, Ω } and Ψ {0,0. ( Ω Ω )},,,,N. max mn mn max 673 The lqud levels of he coupled an sysem are requred o follow sep responses whn he range of 0~300 cm (0-00%). Sysem responses namely he lqud level for boh an and are observed. The mnmum and maxmum values of he conrolled manpulaed varables are capped o u mn 0 vol and u max 5 V.
6 Am. J. Engg. & Appled Sc., (4): , 009 In he ranng sage, nalze he parameers of PSO as followng. For hybrd PI-NN, here are addonal K P s and K I s for he PI conrollers. Populaon sze 0, nera wegh facor ω s se accordng o (0) where ω max 0.9 and ω mn 0.. Cognve and socal learnng consans are Γ Γ.4. The value n every poson can be clamped o he range [ Ω mn, Ω max ] usng flybac algorhm o reduce he lelhood of parcles leavng he search space. The number of eraons s er max 00. The me consan for he model reference s chosen as τ 0s. Fgure 6 and 7 shows he lqud level responses of coupled an sysem usng PID-NN and hybrd PI-NN conrollers for an and, respecvely. I s noed ha boh conrollers can rac he sep responses of 50 cm. However, he hybrd PI-NN shows a beer performance n erms of me response specfcaons and negral square error as compared o he PID-NN conroller. For he me response performance of he lqud level n an, he PID-NN produces selng me and rse me of 07 and 5.7 sec, whereas he hybrd PI-NN produces selng me and rse me of 8.3 and sec. In he mean me, PID-NN produces selng me and rse of 09 and 4 sec whereas he hybrd PI-NN produces selng me and rse me of 39.7 and. sec for he lqud level n an. I shows ha he PID-NN resuls n a slower response as compared o hybrd PI- NN. I can be sad ha wh hgher number of connecve weghs of neural newor srucure, he complexy o compue he requred manpulaed varables wll ncrease and affec he speed of he response. In erm of negral square error for lqud level n an, he hybrd PI-NN resuls n wce less of ISE as compared o he PID-NN wh he value of and respecvely. Smlarly for lqud level n an, he ISE of hybrd PI-NN and PID-NN were obaned as and , respecvely. The comparave assessmen of boh conrollers s shown n Table Fgure 8 and 9 shows he lqud level responses n an and, respecvely, wh a sep dsurbance of 40 cm neced no he process varable of an durng he seady-sae response. Noed ha he PID-NN conroller produced maxmum percenage overshoos of 35 and 4% for lqud level n an and whereas hybrd PI-NN produces 7 and 8%, respecvely. Furhermore, could be seen ha hybrd PI-NN produce mnmum oscllaon as compared o PID-NN n response o dsurbance necon. I s proven ha he hybrd PI- NN conroller resuls n faser selng me and mnmum overshoo. Besdes ha hybrd PI-NN also exhbs good robusness n mnmzng he cross-couplng effec beween wo ans. Fg. 6: Smulaed response of he lqud level n an Fg. 8: Smulaed response of he lqud level n an wh dsurbance Fg. 7: Smulaed response of he lqud level n an 674 Table : Performance comparson of lqud level n an and Selng me Rse me Overshoo ISE (sec) (sec) (%) ( 0 5 ) Conroller Tan Tan Tan Tan Tan Tan Tan Tan PID-NN Hybrd PI-NN
7 Am. J. Engg. & Appled Sc., (4): , 009 Fg. 9: Smulaed response of he lqud level n an wh dsurbance a an CONCLUSION Ths sudy nroduces an mproved hybrd PI-NN conroller for he coupled sysem. The NN weghs connecve and conroller parameers are opmzed by ulzng he PSO algorhm va model reference adapaon. The proposed mehod provdes a beer performance wh respec o PID-NN conroller even under dsurbance necon. The smulaons for boh PID-NN and hybrd PI-NN conrollers are also performed and compared. Based on he resuls, can be concluded ha hybrd PI-NN s more robus and can provde more sable responses han PID-NN. ACKNOWLEDEMENT 4. Pan, H., H. Wong, V. Kapla and M.S. De Queroz, 005. Expermenal valdaon of a nonlnear bac seppng lqud level conroller for a sae coupled wo an sysem. Con. Eng. Prac., 3: hp://ca.ns.fr/?amodeleaffchen&cpsd Xu, Z. and Q. Zhao, 00. A novel approach o faul deecon and solaon based on wavele analyss and neural newor. Proceedngs of he 00 IEEE Canadan Conference on Elecrcal and Compuer Engneerng, pp: DOI: 0.09/CCECE Amnan, M. and F. Amnan, 007. A modular faul-dagnosc sysem for analog elecronc crcus usng neural newors wh wavele ransform as a preprocessor. IEEE Trans. Crc. Sys. Insrumen. Measur., 56: DOI: 0.09/TIM Pol, R., 008. Analyss of he publcaons on he applcaons of parcles swarm opmzaon. J. Arf. Evolu. Appl., -0. DOI: 0.55/008/ Eberhar, R.C. and J. Kennedy, 995. A new opmzer employng parcles swarm heory. Proceedngs of 6h Inernaonal Symposum Mcro Machne and Human Scence, Oc. 4-6, Nagoya, Japan, Pscaaway, pp: DOI: 0.09/MHS Reynolds, C., 987. Flocs, herds and schools: A dsrbued behavoral model. Compu. raph., : Ths sudy was suppored by Faculy of Elecrcal and Elecroncs Engneerng, Unversy Malaysa Pahang, under Conrol and Insrumenaon (COINS) Research roup. REFERENCES. Vsol, 004. A new desgn for a PID plus feedforward conroller. J. Process Conrol, 4: DOI: org/0.06/.procon \%0. Tan, K.K., S. Huang and R. Ferdous, 00. Robus self unng PID conroller for nonlnear sysems. J. Process Conrol, : DOI: 0.06/S (0) Almuar, N.B. and M. Zrb, 006. Sldng mode conrol of coupled ans. Mecharoncs, 6: hp://ca.ns.fr/?amodeleaffchen&cpsd
Cubic Bezier Homotopy Function for Solving Exponential Equations
Penerb Journal of Advanced Research n Compung and Applcaons ISSN (onlne: 46-97 Vol. 4, No.. Pages -8, 6 omoopy Funcon for Solvng Eponenal Equaons S. S. Raml *,,. Mohamad Nor,a, N. S. Saharzan,b and M.
More informationVariants of Pegasos. December 11, 2009
Inroducon Varans of Pegasos SooWoong Ryu bshboy@sanford.edu December, 009 Youngsoo Cho yc344@sanford.edu Developng a new SVM algorhm s ongong research opc. Among many exng SVM algorhms, we wll focus on
More informationISSN MIT Publications
MIT Inernaonal Journal of Elecrcal and Insrumenaon Engneerng Vol. 1, No. 2, Aug 2011, pp 93-98 93 ISSN 2230-7656 MIT Publcaons A New Approach for Solvng Economc Load Dspach Problem Ansh Ahmad Dep. of Elecrcal
More informationRobustness Experiments with Two Variance Components
Naonal Insue of Sandards and Technology (NIST) Informaon Technology Laboraory (ITL) Sascal Engneerng Dvson (SED) Robusness Expermens wh Two Varance Componens by Ana Ivelsse Avlés avles@ns.gov Conference
More informationLinear Response Theory: The connection between QFT and experiments
Phys540.nb 39 3 Lnear Response Theory: The connecon beween QFT and expermens 3.1. Basc conceps and deas Q: ow do we measure he conducvy of a meal? A: we frs nroduce a weak elecrc feld E, and hen measure
More informationOn One Analytic Method of. Constructing Program Controls
Appled Mahemacal Scences, Vol. 9, 05, no. 8, 409-407 HIKARI Ld, www.m-hkar.com hp://dx.do.org/0.988/ams.05.54349 On One Analyc Mehod of Consrucng Program Conrols A. N. Kvko, S. V. Chsyakov and Yu. E. Balyna
More informationMANY real-world applications (e.g. production
Barebones Parcle Swarm for Ineger Programmng Problems Mahamed G. H. Omran, Andres Engelbrech and Ayed Salman Absrac The performance of wo recen varans of Parcle Swarm Opmzaon (PSO) when appled o Ineger
More informationFTCS Solution to the Heat Equation
FTCS Soluon o he Hea Equaon ME 448/548 Noes Gerald Reckenwald Porland Sae Unversy Deparmen of Mechancal Engneerng gerry@pdxedu ME 448/548: FTCS Soluon o he Hea Equaon Overvew Use he forward fne d erence
More informationOn computing differential transform of nonlinear non-autonomous functions and its applications
On compung dfferenal ransform of nonlnear non-auonomous funcons and s applcaons Essam. R. El-Zahar, and Abdelhalm Ebad Deparmen of Mahemacs, Faculy of Scences and Humanes, Prnce Saam Bn Abdulazz Unversy,
More informationV.Abramov - FURTHER ANALYSIS OF CONFIDENCE INTERVALS FOR LARGE CLIENT/SERVER COMPUTER NETWORKS
R&RATA # Vol.) 8, March FURTHER AALYSIS OF COFIDECE ITERVALS FOR LARGE CLIET/SERVER COMPUTER ETWORKS Vyacheslav Abramov School of Mahemacal Scences, Monash Unversy, Buldng 8, Level 4, Clayon Campus, Wellngon
More informationJ i-1 i. J i i+1. Numerical integration of the diffusion equation (I) Finite difference method. Spatial Discretization. Internal nodes.
umercal negraon of he dffuson equaon (I) Fne dfference mehod. Spaal screaon. Inernal nodes. R L V For hermal conducon le s dscree he spaal doman no small fne spans, =,,: Balance of parcles for an nernal
More informationChapter 6: AC Circuits
Chaper 6: AC Crcus Chaper 6: Oulne Phasors and he AC Seady Sae AC Crcus A sable, lnear crcu operang n he seady sae wh snusodal excaon (.e., snusodal seady sae. Complee response forced response naural response.
More informationAn introduction to Support Vector Machine
An nroducon o Suppor Vecor Machne 報告者 : 黃立德 References: Smon Haykn, "Neural Neworks: a comprehensve foundaon, second edon, 999, Chaper 2,6 Nello Chrsann, John Shawe-Tayer, An Inroducon o Suppor Vecor Machnes,
More informationSolution in semi infinite diffusion couples (error function analysis)
Soluon n sem nfne dffuson couples (error funcon analyss) Le us consder now he sem nfne dffuson couple of wo blocks wh concenraon of and I means ha, n a A- bnary sysem, s bondng beween wo blocks made of
More information[ ] 2. [ ]3 + (Δx i + Δx i 1 ) / 2. Δx i-1 Δx i Δx i+1. TPG4160 Reservoir Simulation 2018 Lecture note 3. page 1 of 5
TPG460 Reservor Smulaon 08 page of 5 DISCRETIZATIO OF THE FOW EQUATIOS As we already have seen, fne dfference appromaons of he paral dervaves appearng n he flow equaons may be obaned from Taylor seres
More information10. A.C CIRCUITS. Theoretically current grows to maximum value after infinite time. But practically it grows to maximum after 5τ. Decay of current :
. A. IUITS Synopss : GOWTH OF UNT IN IUIT : d. When swch S s closed a =; = d. A me, curren = e 3. The consan / has dmensons of me and s called he nducve me consan ( τ ) of he crcu. 4. = τ; =.63, n one
More informationPARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION BASED ON BOTTLENECK MACHINE FOR JOBSHOP SCHEDULING
Proceedng 7 h Inernaonal Semnar on Indusral Engneerng and Managemen PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION BASED ON BOTTLENECK MACHINE FOR JOBSHOP SCHEDULING Rahm Mauldya Indusral Engneerng Deparmen, Indusral Engneerng
More informationP R = P 0. The system is shown on the next figure:
TPG460 Reservor Smulaon 08 page of INTRODUCTION TO RESERVOIR SIMULATION Analycal and numercal soluons of smple one-dmensonal, one-phase flow equaons As an nroducon o reservor smulaon, we wll revew he smples
More informationLet s treat the problem of the response of a system to an applied external force. Again,
Page 33 QUANTUM LNEAR RESPONSE FUNCTON Le s rea he problem of he response of a sysem o an appled exernal force. Agan, H() H f () A H + V () Exernal agen acng on nernal varable Hamlonan for equlbrum sysem
More informationOutline. Probabilistic Model Learning. Probabilistic Model Learning. Probabilistic Model for Time-series Data: Hidden Markov Model
Probablsc Model for Tme-seres Daa: Hdden Markov Model Hrosh Mamsuka Bonformacs Cener Kyoo Unversy Oulne Three Problems for probablsc models n machne learnng. Compung lkelhood 2. Learnng 3. Parsng (predcon
More informationApproximate Analytic Solution of (2+1) - Dimensional Zakharov-Kuznetsov(Zk) Equations Using Homotopy
Arcle Inernaonal Journal of Modern Mahemacal Scences, 4, (): - Inernaonal Journal of Modern Mahemacal Scences Journal homepage: www.modernscenfcpress.com/journals/jmms.aspx ISSN: 66-86X Florda, USA Approxmae
More informationWiH Wei He
Sysem Idenfcaon of onlnear Sae-Space Space Baery odels WH We He wehe@calce.umd.edu Advsor: Dr. Chaochao Chen Deparmen of echancal Engneerng Unversy of aryland, College Par 1 Unversy of aryland Bacground
More informationShort-Term Load Forecasting Using PSO-Based Phase Space Neural Networks
Proceedngs of he 5h WSEAS In. Conf. on SIMULATION, MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION, Corfu, Greece, Augus 7-9, 005 (pp78-83) Shor-Term Load Forecasng Usng PSO-Based Phase Space Neural Neworks Jang Chuanwen, Fang
More informationDecentralised Sliding Mode Load Frequency Control for an Interconnected Power System with Uncertainties and Nonlinearities
Inernaonal Research Journal of Engneerng and echnology IRJE e-iss: 2395-0056 Volume: 03 Issue: 12 Dec -2016 www.re.ne p-iss: 2395-0072 Decenralsed Sldng Mode Load Frequency Conrol for an Inerconneced Power
More informationTSS = SST + SSE An orthogonal partition of the total SS
ANOVA: Topc 4. Orhogonal conrass [ST&D p. 183] H 0 : µ 1 = µ =... = µ H 1 : The mean of a leas one reamen group s dfferen To es hs hypohess, a basc ANOVA allocaes he varaon among reamen means (SST) equally
More informationA Novel Efficient Stopping Criterion for BICM-ID System
A Novel Effcen Soppng Creron for BICM-ID Sysem Xao Yng, L Janpng Communcaon Unversy of Chna Absrac Ths paper devses a novel effcen soppng creron for b-nerleaved coded modulaon wh erave decodng (BICM-ID)
More informationResponse of MDOF systems
Response of MDOF syses Degree of freedo DOF: he nu nuber of ndependen coordnaes requred o deerne copleely he posons of all pars of a syse a any nsan of e. wo DOF syses hree DOF syses he noral ode analyss
More informationExistence and Uniqueness Results for Random Impulsive Integro-Differential Equation
Global Journal of Pure and Appled Mahemacs. ISSN 973-768 Volume 4, Number 6 (8), pp. 89-87 Research Inda Publcaons hp://www.rpublcaon.com Exsence and Unqueness Resuls for Random Impulsve Inegro-Dfferenal
More informationGenetic Algorithm in Parameter Estimation of Nonlinear Dynamic Systems
Genec Algorhm n Parameer Esmaon of Nonlnear Dynamc Sysems E. Paeraks manos@egnaa.ee.auh.gr V. Perds perds@vergna.eng.auh.gr Ah. ehagas kehagas@egnaa.ee.auh.gr hp://skron.conrol.ee.auh.gr/kehagas/ndex.hm
More informationIntroduction to Boosting
Inroducon o Boosng Cynha Rudn PACM, Prnceon Unversy Advsors Ingrd Daubeches and Rober Schapre Say you have a daabase of news arcles, +, +, -, -, +, +, -, -, +, +, -, -, +, +, -, + where arcles are labeled
More informationFall 2010 Graduate Course on Dynamic Learning
Fall 200 Graduae Course on Dynamc Learnng Chaper 4: Parcle Flers Sepember 27, 200 Byoung-Tak Zhang School of Compuer Scence and Engneerng & Cognve Scence and Bran Scence Programs Seoul aonal Unversy hp://b.snu.ac.kr/~bzhang/
More informationPolymerization Technology Laboratory Course
Prakkum Polymer Scence/Polymersaonsechnk Versuch Resdence Tme Dsrbuon Polymerzaon Technology Laboraory Course Resdence Tme Dsrbuon of Chemcal Reacors If molecules or elemens of a flud are akng dfferen
More informationRelative controllability of nonlinear systems with delays in control
Relave conrollably o nonlnear sysems wh delays n conrol Jerzy Klamka Insue o Conrol Engneerng, Slesan Techncal Unversy, 44- Glwce, Poland. phone/ax : 48 32 37227, {jklamka}@a.polsl.glwce.pl Keywor: Conrollably.
More informationDynamic Team Decision Theory. EECS 558 Project Shrutivandana Sharma and David Shuman December 10, 2005
Dynamc Team Decson Theory EECS 558 Proec Shruvandana Sharma and Davd Shuman December 0, 005 Oulne Inroducon o Team Decson Theory Decomposon of he Dynamc Team Decson Problem Equvalence of Sac and Dynamc
More informationHEAT CONDUCTION PROBLEM IN A TWO-LAYERED HOLLOW CYLINDER BY USING THE GREEN S FUNCTION METHOD
Journal of Appled Mahemacs and Compuaonal Mechancs 3, (), 45-5 HEAT CONDUCTION PROBLEM IN A TWO-LAYERED HOLLOW CYLINDER BY USING THE GREEN S FUNCTION METHOD Sansław Kukla, Urszula Sedlecka Insue of Mahemacs,
More informationParticle Swarm Optimization Algorithm with Reverse-Learning and Local-Learning Behavior
35 JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE, VOL. 9, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 214 Parcle Swarm Opmzaon Algorhm wh Reverse-Learnng and Local-Learnng Behavor Xuewen Xa Naonal Engneerng Research Cener for Saelle Posonng Sysem, Wuhan Unversy,
More informationNeural Networks-Based Time Series Prediction Using Long and Short Term Dependence in the Learning Process
Neural Neworks-Based Tme Seres Predcon Usng Long and Shor Term Dependence n he Learnng Process J. Puchea, D. Paño and B. Kuchen, Absrac In hs work a feedforward neural neworksbased nonlnear auoregresson
More informationSampling Procedure of the Sum of two Binary Markov Process Realizations
Samplng Procedure of he Sum of wo Bnary Markov Process Realzaons YURY GORITSKIY Dep. of Mahemacal Modelng of Moscow Power Insue (Techncal Unversy), Moscow, RUSSIA, E-mal: gorsky@yandex.ru VLADIMIR KAZAKOV
More informationAnisotropic Behaviors and Its Application on Sheet Metal Stamping Processes
Ansoropc Behavors and Is Applcaon on Shee Meal Sampng Processes Welong Hu ETA-Engneerng Technology Assocaes, Inc. 33 E. Maple oad, Sue 00 Troy, MI 48083 USA 48-79-300 whu@ea.com Jeanne He ETA-Engneerng
More informationSingle-loop System Reliability-Based Design & Topology Optimization (SRBDO/SRBTO): A Matrix-based System Reliability (MSR) Method
10 h US Naonal Congress on Compuaonal Mechancs Columbus, Oho 16-19, 2009 Sngle-loop Sysem Relably-Based Desgn & Topology Opmzaon (SRBDO/SRBTO): A Marx-based Sysem Relably (MSR) Mehod Tam Nguyen, Junho
More informationVolatility Interpolation
Volaly Inerpolaon Prelmnary Verson March 00 Jesper Andreasen and Bran Huge Danse Mares, Copenhagen wan.daddy@danseban.com brno@danseban.com Elecronc copy avalable a: hp://ssrn.com/absrac=69497 Inro Local
More informationWater Level Controlling System Using Pid Controller
Inernaonal Journal o Appled Engneerng esearch ISSN 973-4562 Volume, Number 23 (26) pp. 223-227 Waer Level Conrollng Sysem Usng Pd Conroller Beza Negash Geu Deparmen o Elecrcal, Elecroncs and Communcaons
More informationRobust and Accurate Cancer Classification with Gene Expression Profiling
Robus and Accurae Cancer Classfcaon wh Gene Expresson Proflng (Compuaonal ysems Bology, 2005) Auhor: Hafeng L, Keshu Zhang, ao Jang Oulne Background LDA (lnear dscrmnan analyss) and small sample sze problem
More informationChapter Lagrangian Interpolation
Chaper 5.4 agrangan Inerpolaon Afer readng hs chaper you should be able o:. dere agrangan mehod of nerpolaon. sole problems usng agrangan mehod of nerpolaon and. use agrangan nerpolans o fnd deraes and
More informationTHERMODYNAMICS 1. The First Law and Other Basic Concepts (part 2)
Company LOGO THERMODYNAMICS The Frs Law and Oher Basc Conceps (par ) Deparmen of Chemcal Engneerng, Semarang Sae Unversy Dhon Harano S.T., M.T., M.Sc. Have you ever cooked? Equlbrum Equlbrum (con.) Equlbrum
More informationParameter Estimation of Three-Phase Induction Motor by Using Genetic Algorithm
360 Journal of Elecrcal Engneerng & Technology Vol. 4, o. 3, pp. 360~364, 009 Parameer Esmaon of Three-Phase Inducon Moor by Usng Genec Algorhm Seesa Jangj and Panhep Laohacha* Absrac Ths paper suggess
More informationOrdinary Differential Equations in Neuroscience with Matlab examples. Aim 1- Gain understanding of how to set up and solve ODE s
Ordnary Dfferenal Equaons n Neuroscence wh Malab eamples. Am - Gan undersandng of how o se up and solve ODE s Am Undersand how o se up an solve a smple eample of he Hebb rule n D Our goal a end of class
More informationNew M-Estimator Objective Function. in Simultaneous Equations Model. (A Comparative Study)
Inernaonal Mahemacal Forum, Vol. 8, 3, no., 7 - HIKARI Ld, www.m-hkar.com hp://dx.do.org/.988/mf.3.3488 New M-Esmaor Objecve Funcon n Smulaneous Equaons Model (A Comparave Sudy) Ahmed H. Youssef Professor
More informationTRANSIENT STABILITY CONSTRAINED OPTIMAL POWER FLOW USING IMPROVED PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION APPROACH
Rev. Roum. Sc. Techn. Élecroechn. e Énerg. Vol. 6, 4, pp. 33 337, Bucares, 6 TRANSIENT STABILITY CONSTRAINED OPTIMAL POWER FLOW USI IMPROVED PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION APPROACH YOUCEF OUBBATI, SALEM ARIF
More informationRefined Binary Particle Swarm Optimization and Application in Power System
Po-Hung Chen, Cheng-Chen Kuo, Fu-Hsen Chen, Cheng-Chuan Chen Refned Bnary Parcle Swarm Opmzaon and Applcaon n Power Sysem PO-HUNG CHEN, CHENG-CHIEN KUO, FU-HSIEN CHEN, CHENG-CHUAN CHEN* Deparmen of Elecrcal
More informationAdvanced Machine Learning & Perception
Advanced Machne Learnng & Percepon Insrucor: Tony Jebara SVM Feaure & Kernel Selecon SVM Eensons Feaure Selecon (Flerng and Wrappng) SVM Feaure Selecon SVM Kernel Selecon SVM Eensons Classfcaon Feaure/Kernel
More informationIntroduction to. Computer Animation
Inroducon o 1 Movaon Anmaon from anma (la.) = soul, spr, breah of lfe Brng mages o lfe! Examples Characer anmaon (humans, anmals) Secondary moon (har, cloh) Physcal world (rgd bodes, waer, fre) 2 2 Anmaon
More informationGraduate Macroeconomics 2 Problem set 5. - Solutions
Graduae Macroeconomcs 2 Problem se. - Soluons Queson 1 To answer hs queson we need he frms frs order condons and he equaon ha deermnes he number of frms n equlbrum. The frms frs order condons are: F K
More informationEG Low Voltage CMOS Fully Differential Current Feedback Amplifier with Controllable 3-dB Bandwidth
EG0800330 Low olage CMS Fully Derenal Curren Feedback Ampler wh Conrollable 3dB Bandwdh Ahmed H. Madan 2, Mahmoud A. Ashour, Solman A. Mahmoud 2, and Ahmed M. Solman 3 adaon Engneerng Dep., NCT, EAEA Caro,
More informationComb Filters. Comb Filters
The smple flers dscussed so far are characered eher by a sngle passband and/or a sngle sopband There are applcaons where flers wh mulple passbands and sopbands are requred Thecomb fler s an example of
More information( ) () we define the interaction representation by the unitary transformation () = ()
Hgher Order Perurbaon Theory Mchael Fowler 3/7/6 The neracon Represenaon Recall ha n he frs par of hs course sequence, we dscussed he chrödnger and Hesenberg represenaons of quanum mechancs here n he chrödnger
More informationThe Analysis of the Thickness-predictive Model Based on the SVM Xiu-ming Zhao1,a,Yan Wang2,band Zhimin Bi3,c
h Naonal Conference on Elecrcal, Elecroncs and Compuer Engneerng (NCEECE The Analyss of he Thcknesspredcve Model Based on he SVM Xumng Zhao,a,Yan Wang,band Zhmn B,c School of Conrol Scence and Engneerng,
More informationA NEW TECHNIQUE FOR SOLVING THE 1-D BURGERS EQUATION
S19 A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR SOLVING THE 1-D BURGERS EQUATION by Xaojun YANG a,b, Yugu YANG a*, Carlo CATTANI c, and Mngzheng ZHU b a Sae Key Laboraory for Geomechancs and Deep Underground Engneerng, Chna Unversy
More informationPerformance Analysis for a Network having Standby Redundant Unit with Waiting in Repair
TECHNI Inernaonal Journal of Compung Scence Communcaon Technologes VOL.5 NO. July 22 (ISSN 974-3375 erformance nalyss for a Nework havng Sby edundan Un wh ang n epar Jendra Sngh 2 abns orwal 2 Deparmen
More informationBoosted LMS-based Piecewise Linear Adaptive Filters
016 4h European Sgnal Processng Conference EUSIPCO) Boosed LMS-based Pecewse Lnear Adapve Flers Darush Kar and Iman Marvan Deparmen of Elecrcal and Elecroncs Engneerng Blken Unversy, Ankara, Turkey {kar,
More informationA NOVEL NETWORK METHOD DESIGNING MULTIRATE FILTER BANKS AND WAVELETS
A NOVEL NEWORK MEHOD DESIGNING MULIRAE FILER BANKS AND WAVELES Yng an Deparmen of Elecronc Engneerng and Informaon Scence Unversy of Scence and echnology of Chna Hefe 37, P. R. Chna E-mal: yan@usc.edu.cn
More informationFI 3103 Quantum Physics
/9/4 FI 33 Quanum Physcs Aleander A. Iskandar Physcs of Magnesm and Phooncs Research Grou Insu Teknolog Bandung Basc Conces n Quanum Physcs Probably and Eecaon Value Hesenberg Uncerany Prncle Wave Funcon
More informationLecture 6: Learning for Control (Generalised Linear Regression)
Lecure 6: Learnng for Conrol (Generalsed Lnear Regresson) Conens: Lnear Mehods for Regresson Leas Squares, Gauss Markov heorem Recursve Leas Squares Lecure 6: RLSC - Prof. Sehu Vjayakumar Lnear Regresson
More informationIterative Learning Control and Applications in Rehabilitation
Ierave Learnng Conrol and Applcaons n Rehablaon Yng Tan The Deparmen of Elecrcal and Elecronc Engneerng School of Engneerng The Unversy of Melbourne Oulne 1. A bref nroducon of he Unversy of Melbourne
More informationTHE PREDICTION OF COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT IN BUSINESS
THE PREICTION OF COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT IN BUSINESS INTROUCTION The wo dmensonal paral dfferenal equaons of second order can be used for he smulaon of compeve envronmen n busness The arcle presens he
More informationDiffusion of Heptane in Polyethylene Vinyl Acetate: Modelisation and Experimentation
IOSR Journal of Appled hemsry (IOSR-JA) e-issn: 78-5736.Volume 7, Issue 6 Ver. I. (Jun. 4), PP 8-86 Dffuson of Hepane n Polyehylene Vnyl Aceae: odelsaon and Expermenaon Rachd Aman *, Façal oubarak, hammed
More informationCHAPTER 10: LINEAR DISCRIMINATION
CHAPER : LINEAR DISCRIMINAION Dscrmnan-based Classfcaon 3 In classfcaon h K classes (C,C,, C k ) We defned dscrmnan funcon g j (), j=,,,k hen gven an es eample, e chose (predced) s class label as C f g
More informationImplementation of Quantized State Systems in MATLAB/Simulink
SNE T ECHNICAL N OTE Implemenaon of Quanzed Sae Sysems n MATLAB/Smulnk Parck Grabher, Mahas Rößler 2*, Bernhard Henzl 3 Ins. of Analyss and Scenfc Compung, Venna Unversy of Technology, Wedner Haupsraße
More informationGENERATING CERTAIN QUINTIC IRREDUCIBLE POLYNOMIALS OVER FINITE FIELDS. Youngwoo Ahn and Kitae Kim
Korean J. Mah. 19 (2011), No. 3, pp. 263 272 GENERATING CERTAIN QUINTIC IRREDUCIBLE POLYNOMIALS OVER FINITE FIELDS Youngwoo Ahn and Kae Km Absrac. In he paper [1], an explc correspondence beween ceran
More informationChapter 5. Circuit Theorems
Chaper 5 Crcu Theorems Source Transformaons eplace a olage source and seres ressor by a curren and parallel ressor Fgure 5.-1 (a) A nondeal olage source. (b) A nondeal curren source. (c) Crcu B-conneced
More informationJohn Geweke a and Gianni Amisano b a Departments of Economics and Statistics, University of Iowa, USA b European Central Bank, Frankfurt, Germany
Herarchcal Markov Normal Mxure models wh Applcaons o Fnancal Asse Reurns Appendx: Proofs of Theorems and Condonal Poseror Dsrbuons John Geweke a and Gann Amsano b a Deparmens of Economcs and Sascs, Unversy
More informationMachine Learning Linear Regression
Machne Learnng Lnear Regresson Lesson 3 Lnear Regresson Bascs of Regresson Leas Squares esmaon Polynomal Regresson Bass funcons Regresson model Regularzed Regresson Sascal Regresson Mamum Lkelhood (ML)
More information2/20/2013. EE 101 Midterm 2 Review
//3 EE Mderm eew //3 Volage-mplfer Model The npu ressance s he equalen ressance see when lookng no he npu ermnals of he amplfer. o s he oupu ressance. I causes he oupu olage o decrease as he load ressance
More informationLecture 11 SVM cont
Lecure SVM con. 0 008 Wha we have done so far We have esalshed ha we wan o fnd a lnear decson oundary whose margn s he larges We know how o measure he margn of a lnear decson oundary Tha s: he mnmum geomerc
More informationEffective Task Scheduling and Dynamic Resource Optimization based on Heuristic Algorithms in Cloud Computing Environment
KSII TRANSACTIONS ON INTERNET AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS VOL 11, NO 12, Dec 2017 5780 Copyrgh c2017 KSII Effecve Task Schedulng and Dynamc Resource Opmzaon based on Heursc Algorhms n Cloud Compung Envronmen
More informationSliding mode control without reaching phase for multimachine power system combined with fuzzy PID based on PSS
WSEAS RANSACIONS on SYSEMS and CONROL Faza Db, haddou Ben Mezane, Ismal Boumhd Sldng mode conrol whou reachng phase for mulmachne power sysem combned wh fuzzy PID based on PSS FAIZA DIB, HADDOUJ BEN MEZIANE,
More informationLi An-Ping. Beijing , P.R.China
A New Type of Cpher: DICING_csb L An-Png Bejng 100085, P.R.Chna apl0001@sna.com Absrac: In hs paper, we wll propose a new ype of cpher named DICING_csb, whch s derved from our prevous sream cpher DICING.
More informationFirst-order piecewise-linear dynamic circuits
Frs-order pecewse-lnear dynamc crcus. Fndng he soluon We wll sudy rs-order dynamc crcus composed o a nonlnear resse one-por, ermnaed eher by a lnear capacor or a lnear nducor (see Fg.. Nonlnear resse one-por
More informationIncluding the ordinary differential of distance with time as velocity makes a system of ordinary differential equations.
Soluons o Ordnary Derenal Equaons An ordnary derenal equaon has only one ndependen varable. A sysem o ordnary derenal equaons consss o several derenal equaons each wh he same ndependen varable. An eample
More informationLecture VI Regression
Lecure VI Regresson (Lnear Mehods for Regresson) Conens: Lnear Mehods for Regresson Leas Squares, Gauss Markov heorem Recursve Leas Squares Lecure VI: MLSC - Dr. Sehu Vjayakumar Lnear Regresson Model M
More informationLearning Objectives. Self Organization Map. Hamming Distance(1/5) Introduction. Hamming Distance(3/5) Hamming Distance(2/5) 15/04/2015
/4/ Learnng Objecves Self Organzaon Map Learnng whou Exaples. Inroducon. MAXNET 3. Cluserng 4. Feaure Map. Self-organzng Feaure Map 6. Concluson 38 Inroducon. Learnng whou exaples. Daa are npu o he syse
More informationA NOVEL APPROACH TO QUALITY ENHANCEMENT OF GRAYSCALE IMAGE USING PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION
ISSN: 2250-0138 (Onlne) A NOVEL APPROACH TO QUALITY ENHANCEMENT OF GRAYSCALE IMAGE USING PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION M. S. CHELVA a1, S. V. HALSE b AND A. K. SAMAL c a SRTMU, Nanded, Maharasra, Inda b
More informationRADIAL BASIS FUNCTION PROCESS NEURAL NETWORK TRAINING BASED ON GENERALIZED FRÉCHET DISTANCE AND GA-SA HYBRID STRATEGY
Compuer Scence & Engneerng: An Inernaonal Journal (CSEIJ), Vol. 3, No. 6, December 03 RADIAL BASIS FUNCTION PROCESS NEURAL NETWORK TRAINING BASED ON GENERALIZED FRÉCHET DISTANCE AND GA-SA HYBRID STRATEGY
More informationAttribute Reduction Algorithm Based on Discernibility Matrix with Algebraic Method GAO Jing1,a, Ma Hui1, Han Zhidong2,b
Inernaonal Indusral Informacs and Compuer Engneerng Conference (IIICEC 05) Arbue educon Algorhm Based on Dscernbly Marx wh Algebrac Mehod GAO Jng,a, Ma Hu, Han Zhdong,b Informaon School, Capal Unversy
More informationM. Y. Adamu Mathematical Sciences Programme, AbubakarTafawaBalewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria
IOSR Journal of Mahemacs (IOSR-JM e-issn: 78-578, p-issn: 9-765X. Volume 0, Issue 4 Ver. IV (Jul-Aug. 04, PP 40-44 Mulple SolonSoluons for a (+-dmensonalhroa-sasuma shallow waer wave equaon UsngPanlevé-Bӓclund
More informationThis document is downloaded from DR-NTU, Nanyang Technological University Library, Singapore.
Ths documen s downloaded from DR-NTU, Nanyang Technologcal Unversy Lbrary, Sngapore. Tle A smplfed verb machng algorhm for word paron n vsual speech processng( Acceped verson ) Auhor(s) Foo, Say We; Yong,
More informationApplication of thermal error in machine tools based on Dynamic. Bayesian Network
Inernaonal Journal of Research n Engneerng and Scence (IJRES) ISS (Onlne): 2320-9364, ISS (Prn): 2320-9356 www.res.org Volume 3 Issue 6 ǁ June 2015 ǁ PP.22-27 pplcaon of hermal error n machne ools based
More informationFiltrage particulaire et suivi multi-pistes Carine Hue Jean-Pierre Le Cadre and Patrick Pérez
Chaînes de Markov cachées e flrage parculare 2-22 anver 2002 Flrage parculare e suv mul-pses Carne Hue Jean-Perre Le Cadre and Parck Pérez Conex Applcaons: Sgnal processng: arge rackng bearngs-onl rackng
More informationReactive Methods to Solve the Berth AllocationProblem with Stochastic Arrival and Handling Times
Reacve Mehods o Solve he Berh AllocaonProblem wh Sochasc Arrval and Handlng Tmes Nsh Umang* Mchel Berlare* * TRANSP-OR, Ecole Polyechnque Fédérale de Lausanne Frs Workshop on Large Scale Opmzaon November
More informationTheoretical Analysis of Biogeography Based Optimization Aijun ZHU1,2,3 a, Cong HU1,3, Chuanpei XU1,3, Zhi Li1,3
6h Inernaonal Conference on Machnery, Maerals, Envronmen, Boechnology and Compuer (MMEBC 6) Theorecal Analyss of Bogeography Based Opmzaon Aun ZU,,3 a, Cong U,3, Chuanpe XU,3, Zh L,3 School of Elecronc
More informationCH.3. COMPATIBILITY EQUATIONS. Continuum Mechanics Course (MMC) - ETSECCPB - UPC
CH.3. COMPATIBILITY EQUATIONS Connuum Mechancs Course (MMC) - ETSECCPB - UPC Overvew Compably Condons Compably Equaons of a Poenal Vecor Feld Compably Condons for Infnesmal Srans Inegraon of he Infnesmal
More informationA Novel Iron Loss Reduction Technique for Distribution Transformers. Based on a Combined Genetic Algorithm - Neural Network Approach
A Novel Iron Loss Reducon Technque for Dsrbuon Transformers Based on a Combned Genec Algorhm - Neural Nework Approach Palvos S. Georglaks Nkolaos D. Doulams Anasasos D. Doulams Nkos D. Hazargyrou and Sefanos
More informationMechanics Physics 151
Mechancs Physcs 5 Lecure 9 Hamlonan Equaons of Moon (Chaper 8) Wha We Dd Las Tme Consruced Hamlonan formalsm H ( q, p, ) = q p L( q, q, ) H p = q H q = p H = L Equvalen o Lagrangan formalsm Smpler, bu
More informationVEHICLE DYNAMIC MODELING & SIMULATION: COMPARING A FINITE- ELEMENT SOLUTION TO A MULTI-BODY DYNAMIC SOLUTION
21 NDIA GROUND VEHICLE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUM MODELING & SIMULATION, TESTING AND VALIDATION (MSTV) MINI-SYMPOSIUM AUGUST 17-19 DEARBORN, MICHIGAN VEHICLE DYNAMIC MODELING & SIMULATION:
More informationBayes rule for a classification problem INF Discriminant functions for the normal density. Euclidean distance. Mahalanobis distance
INF 43 3.. Repeon Anne Solberg (anne@f.uo.no Bayes rule for a classfcaon problem Suppose we have J, =,...J classes. s he class label for a pxel, and x s he observed feaure vecor. We can use Bayes rule
More informationCS286.2 Lecture 14: Quantum de Finetti Theorems II
CS286.2 Lecure 14: Quanum de Fne Theorems II Scrbe: Mara Okounkova 1 Saemen of he heorem Recall he las saemen of he quanum de Fne heorem from he prevous lecure. Theorem 1 Quanum de Fne). Le ρ Dens C 2
More informationMechanics Physics 151
Mechancs Physcs 5 Lecure 9 Hamlonan Equaons of Moon (Chaper 8) Wha We Dd Las Tme Consruced Hamlonan formalsm Hqp (,,) = qp Lqq (,,) H p = q H q = p H L = Equvalen o Lagrangan formalsm Smpler, bu wce as
More informationA Fuzzy Model for the Multiobjective Emergency Facility Location Problem with A-Distance
The Open Cybernecs and Sysemcs Journal, 007, 1, 1-7 1 A Fuzzy Model for he Mulobecve Emergency Facly Locaon Problem wh A-Dsance T. Uno *, H. Kaagr and K. Kao Deparmen of Arfcal Complex Sysems Engneerng,
More informationDual Approximate Dynamic Programming for Large Scale Hydro Valleys
Dual Approxmae Dynamc Programmng for Large Scale Hydro Valleys Perre Carpener and Jean-Phlppe Chanceler 1 ENSTA ParsTech and ENPC ParsTech CMM Workshop, January 2016 1 Jon work wh J.-C. Alas, suppored
More informationA Paper presentation on. Department of Hydrology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee
A Paper presenaon on EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF RAINFALL RUNOFF PROCESS by Ank Cakravar M.K.Jan Kapl Rola Deparmen of Hydrology, Indan Insue of Tecnology, Roorkee-247667 Inroducon Ranfall-runoff processes
More information