PHL424: Nuclear fusion
|
|
- Bonnie Greer
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 PHL424: Nuclear fusion Hot Fusion projectiles on target compound nuclei 1 atom
2 Hot fusion ( ) successful up to element 106 (Seaborgium) Coulomb barrier V C between projectile and target nucleus has to be exceeded VV CC = ZZ pp ZZ tt ee 2 26 = MMMMMM MMMM CCCC RR iiiiii reaction: a + A C * B + b Δm = m a + m A - m CN Δm = ( ) * MeV/c 2 = MeV/c 2 excitation energy of compound nucleus E * = E kin + Δm c 2 = MeV 82.2 MeV r = 44.0 MeV approximate 4 neutrons will be evaporated to avoid fission
3 Cold fusion ( ) Coulomb barrier V C between projectile and target nucleus has to be exceeded VV CC = ZZ pp ZZ tt ee = MMMMMM FFFF + PPPP RR iiiiii reaction: a + A C * B + b Δm = m a + m A - m CN Δm = ( ) * MeV/c 2 = MeV/c 2 excitation energy of compound nucleus E * = E kin + Δm c 2 = MeV MeV r = 18.2 MeV approximate 1-2 neutrons will be evaporated to avoid fission
4 Fusion cross section Radius for fusion barrier: RR ffffffffffff = RR iiiiii ZZ pp ZZ tt ZZ pp ZZ tt < ZZ pp ZZ tt 1000 ZZ pp ZZ tt 500 ffff ddσσ ddl R i [fm] C i [fm] 58 Fe Pb R int [fm] V C (R int ) [MeV] R fusion [fm] V C (R fusion ) [MeV] l fusion l int l Total cross section for fusion: 2 σσ ffffffffffff = ππrr ffffffffffff 1 VV CC RR ffffffffffff EE cccc σσ ffffffffffff = ππ kk 2 l ffffffffffff l ffffffffffff + 1 wwwwwww EE cccc = AA tt AA tt + AA pp EE llllll wwwwwww kk = AA tt AA tt + AA pp AA pp EE llllll ffff 1
5 Interaction potential The potential between projectile and target nucleus is given by a function of the relative distance between them VV rr = VV NN rr + VV CC rr nuclear potential + Coulomb potential VV CC rr = ZZ 1 ZZ 2 ee 2 3 rr2 2 RR 2 CC RR CC rr < RR CC ZZ 1 ZZ 2 ee 2 rr rr RR CC VV NN rr = 4ππ γγ CC pp CC tt CC pp + CC tt bb ΦΦ ξξ Φ ξξ = 0.5 ξξ ξξ ξξ eeeeee ξξ 0.75 ξξ ξξ = rr CC pp CC tt /bb bb = ππ aa 1 ffff 3 wwwwwww aa = 0.55 ffff γγ = NN cc ZZ cc AA cc 2 MMMMMM ffff 2 CC ii = RR ii 1 RR ii 2 ffff RR ii = 1.28 AA ii 1/ AAii 1/3 ffff
6 The Statistical Model de-excitation of the hot compound system σ l E * n n n Yrast line no states EE = EE kkkkkk + mm cc 2 EE kkkkkk > VV CC = ZZ aa ZZ AA ee 2 RR iiiiii l mm = mm aa + mm AA mm CCCC
7 Evaporation particles cm-spectra of particles statistically emitted from CN (evaporation) are of Maxwell Boltzmann type neutrons dn de ( E E ) e B ET protons E B = Coulomb barrier T = effective nuclear temperature E B compound nucleus reactions direct reactions Typical energy spectrum of nucleons emitted at a fixed angle in inelastic nucleon-nucleon reactions.
8 Evaporation particles cm-spectra of particles statistically emitted from CN (evaporation) are of Maxwell Boltzmann type neutrons dn de ( E E ) e B ET protons E B = Coulomb barrier T = effective nuclear temperature E B Even for fixed E * the particle spectrum is continuous (Maxwell Boltzmann), except for transitions to discrete spectrum at low E ER *
9 Nuclear temperatures de-excitation of the hot compound system dddd EE ddee nn ee EE nn TT nn EE nn = 2TT max dddd ddee nn spectrum of single EE nn = TT excitation energy dddd ddee nn EE nn ee EE nn TT eeeeee spectrum of cascade of neutrons EE nn = 1.5TT TT eeeeee 0.92 TT 1 ssss ddddddddddddddd deviations at shell closures Fermi gas relations: * 2 E = a T " little a" ( E ) * de S = = 2 a E * E ρ * 2 = ρ0 e ae * * aa AA AA MMMMMM 1 8 collective states ground state
10 Fusion excitation function 2 ππrr ffffffffffff maximum l fusion due to nuclear centrifugal stability 1 VV CC RR ffffffffffff V nucl + V coul + V L r dσ d Fusion -ER Fusion Fission multinucleon transfer Elastic/quasielastic scattering 0 ER F R
11 A limiting nuclear angular momentum rotating charged liquid drop surface energy: EE SS 0 = NN ZZ AA 2 AA 2 3 MMMMMM l IIII Coulomb energy: 0 EE CCCCCCCC = ZZ 2 AA 1 3 MMMMMM rotational energy: EE 0 RRRRRR = 1 2 ħ 2 l AA mm RR 2 = l 2 AA 5 3 MMMMMM l(ħ) l II Γ nn = Γ ffffffffffffff change of the nuclear shape mass number 0 EE RRRRRR 0 EE = XX XX XX 3 0 XX XX XX XX XX 1.0 SS with XX = EE 0 CCCCCCCC 0 2 EE SS fissility parameter 127 example: LLLL EE SS = MMMMMM EE CCCCCCCC = MMMMMM XX = EE RRRRRR EE 0 SS = EE 0 57 RRRRRR = MMMMMM l II = 67.8 ħ Cohen, Plasil, Swiatecki; Ann. Phys. 82, 557 (1974)
12 Fusion and evaporation cold fusion 50 Ti Pb 258 Rf* (HIVAP calculations) Fusion final nucleus plus neutron even-even compound nucleus n fission σ [mbarn] Fission 5-7 orders of magnitude 1n 2n 3n evaporation residues (ER) Both decay processes are determined by the level density, either from the residual nucleus or at the saddle point. level density: E lab [MeV]
13 Fusion / Fission competition liquid drop + shell corrections σσ EEEE = σσ cccccccccccccc PP CCCC PP ssssssssssssssss σσ xxnn EEEE EE = ππ l mmmmmm kk 2 2l + 1 PP CCCC EE, l PP xxxx EE, l l=0 formation survival Potential energy / MeV LD LD + shell Superheavy system: σσ EEEE σσ cccccccccccccc A. Sobiczewski et al. Deformation β 2
14 Fusion / Fission competition liquid drop + shell corrections 64 Ni Pb 271 Ds + 1n VV CC RR iiiiii = 238 MMMMMM σσ EEEE = σσ cccccccccccccc PP CCCC PP ssssssssssssssss fusion-fission
15 Synthesis of heavy elements n 70 Zn 208 Pb Fusion _1_ 10 12
16 The production cross section fusion cross section and survival probability Nucleus: 1 barn = cm 2 = m 2 fusion cross section: < 1 barn 1:10 12 Production cross section : 1 pbarn = barn Earth: -Area 1.3x10 8 km 2 1.3x10 14 m 2 Wetzlar: Area km 2 1.3x10 7 m 2 /2 1:10 7 1:10 5 Charlotte Buff s house: Area x 130 m 2 1.3x10 2 m 2 1:10 12
17 Separator for Heavy Ion Products (SHIP)
18 Separator for Heavy Ion Products (SHIP) Fusion products are slower than scattered or transfer particles vv CCCC = mm pp mm pp + mm tt vv pp ee. qq. vv pp 10.3% vv CCCC 2.2% E- and B-field are perpendicular to each other BB ρρ = EE ρρ = mm vv ee qq mm vv2 ee qq FF mmmmmm = FF eeee FF tttttt = 0 electric deflectors: ±330 kv dipole magnets: 0.7 T max
19 Separator for Heavy Ion Products (SHIP) The choice of E and B determines the transmitted velocity vv = EE BB The rejected beam will be stopped on a cooled Cu plate
20 SHIP stop detector γ α (ΔE signal) SHE will be measured in a pixel position sensitive Silicon detector determines the position an energy of SHE and α, β,... area: 27*87mm 2, thickness: 0.3mm, 16 strips energy resolution ΔE=18-20 E α > 6MeV (cooling 260K) position resolution Δx=0.3mm (FWHM) Wait for the emission of an α-particle (or β-particle) correlation method: implantation and decay event in the same pixel
21 Synthesis and identification of heavy elements with SHIP n 70 Zn 208 Pb ER MeV 280 µs 12 m 269 Hs MeV 110 µ s 265 Sg 9.23 MeV 19.7 s known 261 Rf 4.60 MeV (escape) 7.4 s kinematical separation (in flight) using electric deflectors and dipole magnets vv = EE BB velocity filter 257 No 8.34 MeV 253 Fm 15.0 s Date: 09-Feb-1996 Time: 22:37 h 8.52 MeV 4.7 s
22 Synthesis and identification of heavy elements with SHIP n 70 Zn 208 Pb cm ER MeV 280 µs 12 m 269 Hs MeV 110 µ s 31 cm known 261 Rf 265 Sg 9.23 MeV 19.7 s 4.60 MeV (escape) 7.4 s Identification by α-α correlations down to known isotopes kinematical separation (in flight) using electric deflectors and dipole magnets vv = EE BB velocity filter 257 No 8.34 MeV 253 Fm 15.0 s Date: 09-Feb-1996 Time: 22:37 h 8.52 MeV 4.7 s
23 208 Pb + 64 Ni 272 Ds * T decay E α (MeV)
24 Geiger-Nuttall relationship The average decay properties of even mass decay chains match the Geiger-Nuttall relationship Coulomb barrier nuclear potential binding energy of α-particle binding energy per nucleon in nucleus
25 The JUROGAM array + RITU + GREAT spectrometer
26 The JUROGAM array + RITU + GREAT spectrometer
27 The rotational spectrum of 254 No rotational energy: gamma energy: E J E J 2 = J J 2I ( + 1) 2 EJ = J 2I ( 4 2) 2 J 3 S. Eeckhaudt et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 26, 227 (2005)
28 Chemistry of superheavy elements Are the new elements in the same period? Does e.g. Lv show the same chemical properties as O, S, Se, Te and Po?
Interaction with matter
Interaction with matter accelerated motion: ss = bb 2 tt2 tt = 2 ss bb vv = vv 0 bb tt = vv 0 2 ss bb EE = 1 2 mmvv2 dddd dddd = mm vv 0 2 ss bb 1 bb eeeeeeeeeeee llllllll bbbbbbbbbbbbbb dddddddddddddddd
More informationPHL424: Nuclear Shell Model. Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
PHL424: Nuclear Shell Model Themes and challenges in modern science Complexity out of simplicity Microscopic How the world, with all its apparent complexity and diversity can be constructed out of a few
More informationPhotons in the universe. Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
Photons in the universe Photons in the universe Element production on the sun Spectral lines of hydrogen absorption spectrum absorption hydrogen gas Hydrogen emission spectrum Element production on the
More informationChemical Engineering 412
Chemical Engineering 412 Introductory Nuclear Engineering Lecture 12 Radiation/Matter Interactions II 1 Neutron Flux The collisions of neutrons of all energies is given by FF = ΣΣ ii 0 EE φφ EE dddd All
More informationProduction of superheavy elements. Seminar: Key experiments in particle physics Supervisor: Kai Schweda Thorsten Heußer
Production of superheavy elements Seminar: Key experiments in particle physics 26.06.09 Supervisor: Kai Schweda Thorsten Heußer Outline 1. Introduction 2. Nuclear shell model 3. (SHE's) 4. Experiments
More informationAt low excitation, the compound nucleus de-excites by statistical emission of light particles (n,p,α)
Does the α cluster structure in light nuclei persist through the fusion process? Justin Vadas, T.K. Steinbach, J. Schmidt, V. Singh, S. Hudan, R.T. de Souza; Indiana University L. Baby, S. Kuvin, I. Wiedenhover;
More informationLise Meitner, Otto Hahn. Nuclear Fission Hans-Jürgen Wollersheim
Lise Meitner, Otto Hahn Nuclear Fission Hans-Jürgen Wollersheim Details of the 252 Cf decay α s: 96.9% SF: 3.1% T 1/2 = 2.647 a Q α = 6.217 MeV E α = 6.118 MeV α α α α α-decay of 252 Cf Mass data: nucleardata.nuclear.lu.se/database/masses/
More informationLecture 10: Fission Conceptual process Fissionability Decay rate Decay branching Mass distribution Kinetic energy Neutrons
Lecture 10: Fission Conceptual process Fissionability Decay rate Decay branching Mass distribution Kinetic energy Neutrons Lecture 10: Ohio University PHYS7501, Fall 2017, Z. Meisel (meisel@ohio.edu) Steps
More informationAccreting neutron stars provide a unique environment for nuclear reactions
, Tracy Steinbach, Jon Schmidt, Varinderjit Singh, Sylvie Hudan, Romualdo de Souza, Lagy Baby, Sean Kuvin, Ingo Wiedenhover Accreting neutron stars provide a unique environment for nuclear reactions High
More informationPHL424: Feynman diagrams
PHL424: Feynman diagrams In 1940s, R. Feynman developed a diagram technique to describe particle interactions in space-time. Feynman diagram example Richard Feynman time Particles are represented by lines
More informationPhoton Interactions in Matter
Radiation Dosimetry Attix 7 Photon Interactions in Matter Ho Kyung Kim hokyung@pusan.ac.kr Pusan National University References F. H. Attix, Introduction to Radiological Physics and Radiation Dosimetry,
More informationDoppler Correction after Inelastic Heavy Ion Scattering 238 U Ta system at the Coulomb barrier
Doppler-Corrected e - and γ-ray Spectroscopy Physical Motivation In-beam conversion electron spectroscopy complements the results obtained from γ-spectroscopy A method for determining the multipolarity
More informationNuclear Reactions. Shape, interaction, and excitation structures of nuclei scattering expt. cf. Experiment by Rutherford (a scatt.
Nuclear Reactions Shape, interaction, and excitation structures of nuclei scattering expt. cf. Experiment by Rutherford (a scatt.) scattered particles detector solid angle projectile target transmitted
More informationPhysics with Exotic Nuclei
Physics with Exotic Nuclei Hans-Jürgen Wollersheim NUclear STructure, Astrophysics and Reaction Outline Projectile Fragmentation A Route to Exotic Nuclei Fragmentation Cross Sections Nuclear Reaction Rates
More informationFusion probability and survivability in estimates of heaviest nuclei production R.N. Sagaidak Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, JINR, Dubna, RF
Fusion probability and survivability in estimates of heaviest nuclei production R.N. Sagaidak Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, JINR, Dubna, RF 1. Fusion probability and survivability as main values
More informationLecture 22 Highlights Phys 402
Lecture 22 Highlights Phys 402 Scattering experiments are one of the most important ways to gain an understanding of the microscopic world that is described by quantum mechanics. The idea is to take a
More informationCompound and heavy-ion reactions
Compound and heavy-ion reactions Introduction to Nuclear Science Simon Fraser University Spring 2011 NUCS 342 March 23, 2011 NUCS 342 (Lecture 24) March 23, 2011 1 / 32 Outline 1 Density of states in a
More informationThe nucleus and its structure
The nucleus and its structure Presently no complete theory to fully describe structure and behavior of nuclei based solely on knowledge of force between nucleons (although tremendous progress for A < 12
More informationCharged-Particle Interactions in Matter
Radiation Dosimetry Attix 8 Charged-Particle Interactions in Matter Ho Kyung Kim hokyung@pusan.ac.kr Pusan National University References F. H. Attix, Introduction to Radiological Physics and Radiation
More informationCHAPTER 4 Structure of the Atom
CHAPTER 4 Structure of the Atom Fall 2018 Prof. Sergio B. Mendes 1 Topics 4.1 The Atomic Models of Thomson and Rutherford 4.2 Rutherford Scattering 4.3 The Classic Atomic Model 4.4 The Bohr Model of the
More informationFAVORABLE HOT FUSION REACTION FOR SYNTHESIS OF NEW SUPERHEAVY NUCLIDE 272 Ds
9 FAVORABLE HOT FUSION REACTION FOR SYNTHESIS OF NEW SUPERHEAVY NUCLIDE 272 Ds LIU ZU-HUA 1 and BAO JING-DONG 2,3 1 China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, People s Republic of China 2 Department
More information2 Give the compound nucleus resulting from 6-MeV protons bombarding a target of. my notes in the part 3 reading room or on the WEB.
Lecture 15 Krane Enge Cohen Williams Reaction theories compound nucleus 11.10 13.7 13.1-3 direct reactions 11.11 13.11/12 ch 14 Admixed Wave functions residual interaction 5.1-4 Admixed Wave functions
More informationAlpha Decay of Superheavy Nuclei
Alpha Decay of Superheavy Nuclei Frank Bello, Javier Aguilera, Oscar Rodríguez InSTEC, La Habana, Cuba frankl@instec.cu Abstract Recently synthesis of superheavy nuclei has been achieved in hot fusion
More informationWhat do we measure, and how do we measure it?
What do we measure, and how do we measure it? Production of transactinides Isolation of nuclei of interest Instrumentation and measurements K. Hauschild Production of Transactinides N-capture + β-decay
More informationLecture 15: Scattering Rutherford scattering Nuclear elastic scattering Nuclear inelastic scattering Quantum description The optical model
Lecture 15: Scattering Rutherford scattering Nuclear elastic scattering Nuclear inelastic scattering Quantum description The optical model Lecture 15: Ohio University PHYS7501, Fall 017, Z. Meisel (meisel@ohio.edu)
More informationNuclear Physics. PHY232 Remco Zegers Room W109 cyclotron building.
Nuclear Physics PHY232 Remco Zegers zegers@nscl.msu.edu Room W109 cyclotron building http://www.nscl.msu.edu/~zegers/phy232.html Periodic table of elements We saw that the periodic table of elements can
More informationStability of heavy elements against alpha and cluster radioactivity
CHAPTER III Stability of heavy elements against alpha and cluster radioactivity The stability of heavy and super heavy elements via alpha and cluster decay for the isotopes in the heavy region is discussed
More information(1) Introduction: a new basis set
() Introduction: a new basis set In scattering, we are solving the S eq. for arbitrary VV in integral form We look for solutions to unbound states: certain boundary conditions (EE > 0, plane and spherical
More informationAdvantages / Disadvantages of semiconductor detectors
Advantages / Disadvantages of semiconductor detectors Semiconductor detectors have a high density (compared to gas detector) large energy loss in a short distance diffusion effect is smaller than in gas
More informationAnnax-I. Investigation of multi-nucleon transfer reactions in
Annax-I Investigation of multi-nucleon transfer reactions in 40 Ca on 68,70 Zn at and near the Coulomb barrier. Abstract We will study the multi-nucleon transfer between two medium-heavy nuclei to find
More information(1) Correspondence of the density matrix to traditional method
(1) Correspondence of the density matrix to traditional method New method (with the density matrix) Traditional method (from thermal physics courses) ZZ = TTTT ρρ = EE ρρ EE = dddd xx ρρ xx ii FF = UU
More informationCompound Nucleus Reactions
Compound Nucleus Reactions E CM a Q CN Direct CN decays Time. Energy. Two-step reaction. CN forgets how it was formed. Decay of CN depends on statistical factors that are functions of E x, J. Low energy
More informationDipole Response of Exotic Nuclei and Symmetry Energy Experiments at the LAND R 3 B Setup
Dipole Response of Exotic Nuclei and Symmetry Energy Experiments at the LAND R 3 B Setup Dominic Rossi for the LAND collaboration GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH D 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
More informationNuclear and Radiation Physics
501503742 Nuclear and Radiation Physics Why nuclear physics? Why radiation physics? Why in Jordan? Interdisciplinary. Applied? 1 Subjects to be covered Nuclear properties. Nuclear forces. Nuclear matter.
More informationCHEM 312: Lecture 9 Part 1 Nuclear Reactions
CHEM 312: Lecture 9 Part 1 Nuclear Reactions Readings: Modern Nuclear Chemistry, Chapter 10; Nuclear and Radiochemistry, Chapter 4 Notation Energetics of Nuclear Reactions Reaction Types and Mechanisms
More informationPHYSICS CET-2014 MODEL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS NUCLEAR PHYSICS
PHYSICS CET-2014 MODEL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS NUCLEAR PHYSICS IMPORTANT FORMULE TO BE REMEMBERED IMPORTANT FORMULE TO BE REMEMBERED 1. Identify the correct statement with regards to nuclear density a) It
More informationQuantum Mechanics. An essential theory to understand properties of matter and light. Chemical Electronic Magnetic Thermal Optical Etc.
Quantum Mechanics An essential theory to understand properties of matter and light. Chemical Electronic Magnetic Thermal Optical Etc. Fall 2018 Prof. Sergio B. Mendes 1 CHAPTER 3 Experimental Basis of
More informationElastic light scattering
Elastic light scattering 1. Introduction Elastic light scattering in quantum mechanics Elastic scattering is described in quantum mechanics by the Kramers Heisenberg formula for the differential cross
More informationHigh-spin studies and nuclear structure in three semi-magic regions of the nuclide chart High-seniority states in Sn isotopes
High-spin studies and nuclear structure in three semi-magic regions of the nuclide chart High-seniority states in Sn isotopes Outline: Alain Astier, CSNSM Orsay, France Motivations Experimental conditions
More informationA Comparison between Channel Selections in Heavy Ion Reactions
Brazilian Journal of Physics, vol. 39, no. 1, March, 2009 55 A Comparison between Channel Selections in Heavy Ion Reactions S. Mohammadi Physics Department, Payame Noor University, Mashad 91735, IRAN (Received
More informationSuperheavy elements* Yury Ts. Oganessian. Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 76, No. 9, pp , IUPAC
Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 76, No. 9, pp. 1715 1734, 2004. 2004 IUPAC Superheavy elements* Yury Ts. Oganessian Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow,
More informationInfluence of Shell on Pre-scission Particle Emission of a Doubly Magic Nucleus 208 Pb
Commun. Theor. Phys. (Beijing, China) 41 (2004) pp. 283 290 c International Academic Publishers Vol. 41, No. 2, February 15, 2004 Influence of Shell on Pre-scission Particle Emission of a Doubly Magic
More informationExotic Nuclei II. Neutron-rich nuclides. Michael Thoennessen FRIB/NSCL Michigan State University
Exotic Nuclei II Neutron-rich nuclides Michael Thoennessen FRIB/NSCL Michigan State University Most neutron-rich nuclides N/Z = 1 n X not a nuclide but a nucleon N/Z = 3 8 He 11 Li: N/Z = 2.67 N/Z = 3
More informationReport on the benchmarking of the event generator for fusion-evaporation reactions
Report on the benchmarking of the event generator for fusion-evaporation reactions The main aim of this project is the creation of the module of the GEANT4 platform for the description of the fusion-evaporation
More informationCharge carrier density in metals and semiconductors
Charge carrier density in metals and semiconductors 1. Introduction The Hall Effect Particles must overlap for the permutation symmetry to be relevant. We saw examples of this in the exchange energy in
More informationChapter V: Interactions of neutrons with matter
Chapter V: Interactions of neutrons with matter 1 Content of the chapter Introduction Interaction processes Interaction cross sections Moderation and neutrons path For more details see «Physique des Réacteurs
More information13. Basic Nuclear Properties
13. Basic Nuclear Properties Particle and Nuclear Physics Dr. Tina Potter Dr. Tina Potter 13. Basic Nuclear Properties 1 In this section... Motivation for study The strong nuclear force Stable nuclei Binding
More informationSolar Photovoltaics & Energy Systems
Solar Photovoltaics & Energy Systems Lecture 3. Solar energy conversion with band-gap materials ChE-600 Kevin Sivula, Spring 2014 The Müser Engine with a concentrator T s Q 1 = σσ CffT ss 4 + 1 Cff T pp
More informationSubbarrier cold fusion reactions leading to superheavy elements( )
IL NUOVO CIMENTO VOL. 110 A, N. 9-10 Settembre-Ottobre 1997 Subbarrier cold fusion reactions leading to superheavy elements( ) A. G. POPEKO Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, JINR - 141980 Dubna,
More informationAngular Momentum, Electromagnetic Waves
Angular Momentum, Electromagnetic Waves Lecture33: Electromagnetic Theory Professor D. K. Ghosh, Physics Department, I.I.T., Bombay As before, we keep in view the four Maxwell s equations for all our discussions.
More informationFission fragment mass distributions via prompt γ -ray spectroscopy
PRAMANA c Indian Academy of Sciences Vol. 85, No. 3 journal of September 2015 physics pp. 379 384 Fission fragment mass distributions via prompt γ -ray spectroscopy L S DANU, D C BISWAS, B K NAYAK and
More informationDressing up for length gauge: Aspects of a debate in quantum optics
Dressing up for length gauge: Aspects of a debate in quantum optics Rainer Dick Department of Physics & Engineering Physics University of Saskatchewan rainer.dick@usask.ca 1 Agenda: Attosecond spectroscopy
More informationnuclear states nuclear stability
nuclear states 1 nuclear stability 2 1 nuclear chart 3 nuclear reactions Important concepts: projectile (A) target (B) residual nuclei (C+D) q-value of a reaction Notations for the reaction B(A,C)D A+B
More informationSunday Monday Thursday. Friday
Nuclear Structure III experiment Sunday Monday Thursday Low-lying excited states Collectivity and the single-particle degrees of freedom Collectivity studied in Coulomb excitation Direct reactions to study
More informationPhysic 492 Lecture 16
Physic 492 Lecture 16 Main points of last lecture: Angular momentum dependence. Structure dependence. Nuclear reactions Q-values Kinematics for two body reactions. Main points of today s lecture: Measured
More informationAlpha Decay. Decay alpha particles are monoenergetic. Nuclides with A>150 are unstable against alpha decay. E α = Q (1-4/A)
Alpha Decay Because the binding energy of the alpha particle is so large (28.3 MeV), it is often energetically favorable for a heavy nucleus to emit an alpha particle Nuclides with A>150 are unstable against
More informationMS482 Materials Characterization ( 재료분석 ) Lecture Note 5: RBS. Byungha Shin Dept. of MSE, KAIST
2015 Fall Semester MS482 Materials Characterization ( 재료분석 ) Lecture Note 5: RBS Byungha Shin Dept. of MSE, KAIST 1 Course Information Syllabus 1. Overview of various characterization techniques (1 lecture)
More informationFission research at JAEA and opportunity with J-PARC for fission and nuclear data
Fission research at JAEA and opportunity with J-PARC for fission and nuclear data Katsuhisa Nishio Advanced Science Research Center Japan Atomic Energy Agency Tokai, JAPAN INT 13-3, Workshop, Seattle,
More informationPart II Particle and Nuclear Physics Examples Sheet 4
Part II Particle and Nuclear Physics Examples Sheet 4 T. Potter Lent/Easter Terms 018 Basic Nuclear Properties 8. (B) The Semi-Empirical mass formula (SEMF) for nuclear masses may be written in the form
More informationPhotons in the universe. Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
Photons in the universe Photons in the universe Element production on the sun Spectral lines of hydrogen absorption spectrum absorption hydrogen gas Hydrogen emission spectrum Element production on the
More informationInfluence of entrance channels on formation of superheavy nuclei in massive fusion reactions
Influence of entrance channels on formation of superheavy nuclei in massive fusion reactions arxiv:0904.2994v1 [nucl-th] 20 Apr 2009 Zhao-Qing Feng a, Jun-Qing Li a, Gen-Ming Jin a a Institute of Modern
More informationMRTOF mass measurements at GARIS-II: Toward SHE identification via mass spectroscopy
MRTOF mass measurements at GARIS-II: Toward SHE identification via mass spectroscopy Purpose of SlowSHE 118 Alpha decay 117 Spontaneous Fission Beta Decay / Electron Capture Directly Synthesizable / T
More informationMicroscopic Fusion Dynamics Based on TDHF
Dynamical Approach Microscopic Fusion Dynamics Based on TDHF FISSION FUSION Calculate PES as a function of nuclear shape Microscopic HF, HFB, RMF + constraints e.g. Q20, Q30, Q40 as H + lql0 Macroscopic-Microscopic
More informationSlide 1 / 57. Nuclear Physics & Nuclear Reactions Practice Problems
Slide 1 / 57 Nuclear Physics & Nuclear Reactions Practice Problems Slide 2 / 57 Multiple Choice Slide 3 / 57 1 The atomic nucleus consists of: A B C D E Electrons Protons Protons and electrons Protons
More informationNonstatistical fluctuations for deep inelastic processes
Nonstatistical fluctuations for deep inelastic processes in 27 Al + 27 Al collision Introduction Experimental procedures Cross section excitation functions (EFs) 1. Statistical analysis (a) Energy autocorrelation
More informationcapture touching point M.G. Itkis, Perspectives in Nuclear fission Tokai, Japan, March
Nuclear Reaction Mechanism Induced by Heavy Ions MG M.G. Itkis Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 5 th ASCR International Workshop Perspectives in Nuclear fission Tokai, Japan, 14 16 16March 212
More informationProbing quasifission in reactions forming Rn nucleus
Probing quasifission in reactions forming Rn nucleus Shamlath A. Research Scholar Central University of Kerala Outline Introduction Our goals Experimental details Results & Discussion Conclusion Heavy-ion
More information1. Nuclear Size. A typical atom radius is a few!10 "10 m (Angstroms). The nuclear radius is a few!10 "15 m (Fermi).
1. Nuclear Size We have known since Rutherford s! " scattering work at Manchester in 1907, that almost all the mass of the atom is contained in a very small volume with high electric charge. Nucleus with
More informationMockTime.com. Ans: (b) Q6. Curie is a unit of [1989] (a) energy of gamma-rays (b) half-life (c) radioactivity (d) intensity of gamma-rays Ans: (c)
Chapter Nuclei Q1. A radioactive sample with a half life of 1 month has the label: Activity = 2 micro curies on 1 8 1991. What would be its activity two months earlier? [1988] 1.0 micro curie 0.5 micro
More informationChemical Engineering 412
Chemical Engineering 412 Introductory Nuclear Engineering Lecture 5 Nuclear Energetics 1 Spiritual Thought 2 I add my voice to these wise and inspired brethren and say to you that one of the most important
More informationDown and Up Along the Proton Dripline Proton Radioactivity Centrifugal (l=5) ) V 20 Coulomb Me( Radius (fm) Nuclear
V (MeV) V (MeV) Michael Thoennessen, Physics, August -17, 02 Down and U Along the Proton Driline Proton Radioactivity Heavy ne-proton Emitter Light ne-proton Emitter Light Two-Proton Emitter Heavy Two
More informationMEDICINSK STRÅLNINGSFYSIK
MEDICINSK STRÅLNINGSFYSIK TENTAMEN I MEDICINSK STRÅLNINGSFYSIK Kurs Joniserande strålnings växelverkan (7,5 hp) 2010-02-06, 9.00-15.00 Hjälpmedel: Physics handbook, Mathematical handbook, Tabellsammanställningar
More informationHALF-LIVES OF NUCLEI AROUND THE SUPERHEAVY NUCLEUS
v.2.1r20180507 *2018.6.26#58fe9efc HALF-LIVES OF NUCLEI AROUND THE SUPERHEAVY NUCLEUS 304 120 A. O. SILIŞTEANU 1,3, C. I. ANGHEL 1,2,, I. SILIŞTEANU 1 1 Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and
More informationExperiments with exotic nuclei I. Thursday. Preliminaries Nuclear existence Decay modes beyond the driplines Ground-state half-lives.
Experiments with exotic nuclei I Thursday Preliminaries Nuclear existence Decay modes beyond the driplines Ground-state half-lives Friday Motivation Nuclear structure at extreme N/Z ratios or high A? Changes
More informationThe neutron multiplicity study at spontaneous fission of short-lived isotopes (z > 100) using VASSILISSA recoil separator
The neutron multiplicity study at spontaneous fission of short-lived isotopes (z > 100) using VASSILISSA recoil separator Svirikhin A.I. Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia Manipal University,
More informationIntroduction to Nuclear Physics
1/3 S.PÉRU The nucleus a complex system? What is the heaviest nucleus? How many nuclei do exist? What about the shapes of the nuclei? I) Some features about the nucleus discovery radius, shape binding
More informationElectromagnetic and hadronic showers development. G. Gaudio, M. Livan The Art of Calorimetry Lecture II
Electromagnetic and hadronic showers development 1 G. Gaudio, M. Livan The Art of Calorimetry Lecture II Summary (Z dependence) Z Z 4 5 Z(Z + 1) Z Z(Z + 1) 2 A simple shower 3 Electromagnetic Showers Differences
More informationFirst RIA Summer School on Exotic Beam Physics, August 12-17, Michael Thoennessen, NSCL/MSU. Lecture 1: Limits of Stability 1 A = 21
Limits of Stability At the moment we are limited in our view of the atomic nucleus Proton Drip Line? Known Nuclei Heavy Elements? Fission Limit? Some Basic Nuclear Property Neutron Drip Line? RIA Will
More information8 Nuclei. introduc)on to Astrophysics, C. Bertulani, Texas A&M-Commerce 1
8 Nuclei introduc)on to Astrophysics, C. Bertulani, Texas A&M-Commerce 1 8.1 - The nucleus The atomic nucleus consists of protons and neutrons. Protons and neutrons are called nucleons. A nucleus is characterized
More informationCapture barrier distributions and superheavy elements
Capture barrier distributions and superheavy elements Kouichi Hagino Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 1. Introduction: Fusion reactions for SHE 2. Role of deformation in capture reactions 3. Barrier distribution
More informationThursday, April 23, 15. Nuclear Physics
Nuclear Physics Some Properties of Nuclei! All nuclei are composed of protons and neutrons! Exception is ordinary hydrogen with just a proton! The atomic number, Z, equals the number of protons in the
More informationMethod of active correlations in the experiment 249 Cf+ 48 Ca n
Method of active correlations in the experiment 249 Cf+ 48 Ca 297 118 +3n Yu.S.Tsyganov, A.M.Sukhov, A.N.Polyakov Abstract Two decay chains originated from the even-even isotope 294 118 produced in the
More informationISOMER BEAMS. P.M. WALKER Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
International Journal of Modern Physics E c World Scientific Publishing Company ISOMER BEAMS P.M. WALKER Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK p.@surrey.ac.uk Received (received
More informationIntroduction to Nuclear Engineering
2016/9/27 Introduction to Nuclear Engineering Kenichi Ishikawa ( ) http://ishiken.free.fr/english/lecture.html ishiken@n.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp 1 References Nuclear Physics basic properties of nuclei nuclear
More informationNuclear Structure from Decay Spectroscopy
Nuclear Structure from Decay Spectroscopy Most nuclei decay. Provides complementary information to reaction studies. Studies can be done at the lowest count rates access furthest from stability. Alpha,
More informationOptical pumping and the Zeeman Effect
1. Introduction Optical pumping and the Zeeman Effect The Hamiltonian of an atom with a single electron outside filled shells (as for rubidium) in a magnetic field is HH = HH 0 + ηηii JJ μμ JJ BB JJ μμ
More informationExperimental data analysis at the MASHA setup. Prepared by: Abeer M. Attia Supervisor: Lubos Krupa LOGO. Aleksey Novoselov
Experimental data analysis at the MASHA setup Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions JINR, Dubna, Russia Prepared by: Abeer M. Attia Supervisor: Lubos Krupa LOGO Aleksey Novoselov Flerov Laboratory of
More informationIntroduction to Nuclear Science
Introduction to Nuclear Science PAN Summer Science Program University of Notre Dame June, 2014 Tony Hyder Professor of Physics Topics we will discuss Ground-state properties of the nucleus size, shape,
More informationCHAPTER I. Introduction. There are 117 elements (Z=1-118) known at present, of which 94 occur naturally on
CHAPTER I Introduction There are 117 elements (Z=1-118) known at present, of which 94 occur naturally on the earth. Eighty elements have stable isotopes, namely all elements with atomic numbers 1 to 82,
More informationSpectroscopy of 252No to Investigate its K-isomer
Spectroscopy of to Investigate its K-isomer Edward Parr Motivation in Superheavies PROTONS Single Particle Energy (MeV) Single Particle Energy (MeV) NEUTRONS Next shell gaps predicted for Superheavy spherical
More informationAnswers to Practice Test Questions 2 Atoms, Isotopes and Nuclear Chemistry
Answers to Practice Test Questions 2 Atoms, Isotopes and Nuclear Chemistry. Fluine has only one stable isotope. Its mass number is _9_. A neutral atom of fluine has 9 protons, 0 neutrons and 9 electrons.
More informationMechanism of fusion reactions for superheavy elements Kouichi Hagino
Mechanism of fusion reactions for superheavy elements Kouichi Hagino Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 1. Heavy-ion fusion reactions for superheavy elements 2. Towards Z=119 and 120: role of a target deformation
More informationMinicourse on Experimental techniques at the NSCL Fragment Separators
Minicourse on Experimental techniques at the NSCL Fragment Separators Thomas Baumann National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory Michigan State University e-mail: baumann@nscl.msu.edu August 2, 2001
More informationThere are 82 protons in a lead nucleus. Why doesn t the lead nucleus burst apart?
Question 32.1 The Nucleus There are 82 protons in a lead nucleus. Why doesn t the lead nucleus burst apart? a) Coulomb repulsive force doesn t act inside the nucleus b) gravity overpowers the Coulomb repulsive
More informationProduction and Separation of Radioactive Beams. Mg and 20 Na with MARS
Production and Separation of Radioactive Beams 20 Mg and 20 Na with MARS Gopal Subedi, Colby College REU 2009, Cyclotron Institute, TAMU Advisor: Dr. Robert E. Tribble August 23, 2009 1 Overview Motivation
More informationAPEX CARE INSTITUTE FOR PG - TRB, SLET AND NET IN PHYSICS
Page 1 1. Within the nucleus, the charge distribution A) Is constant, but falls to zero sharply at the nuclear radius B) Increases linearly from the centre, but falls off exponentially at the surface C)
More informationIntroduction to Nuclear Science
Introduction to Nuclear Science PIXIE-PAN Summer Science Program University of Notre Dame 2006 Tony Hyder, Professor of Physics Topics we will discuss Ground-state properties of the nucleus Radioactivity
More informationNJCTL.org 2015 AP Physics 2 Nuclear Physics
AP Physics 2 Questions 1. What particles make up the nucleus? What is the general term for them? What are those particles composed of? 2. What is the definition of the atomic number? What is its symbol?
More informationThe liquid drop model
The liquid drop model Introduction to Nuclear Science Simon Fraser University Spring 2011 NUCS 342 January 10, 2011 NUCS 342 (Tutorial 0) January 10, 2011 1 / 33 Outline 1 Total binding energy NUCS 342
More informationProduction of Super Heavy Nuclei at FLNR. Present status and future
ECOS 2012,Loveno di Menaggio, 18-21 June 2012 Production of Super Heavy Nuclei at FLNR. Present status and future M. ITKIS Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research BASIC
More information