GRAVITY AND UNIVERSE. From the SelectedWorks of Vildyan Shavkyatovich Yanbikov. Vildyan Shavkyatovich Yanbikov

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1 From the SelectedWorks of Vildyan Shavkyatovich Yanbikov 0 GRAVITY AND UNIVERSE Vildyan Shavkyatovich Yanbikov Available at:

2 Astrophysics and Space Science GRAVITY AND UNIVERSE --Manuscript Draft-- Manuscript Number: Full Title: Article Type: Keywords: Corresponding Author: GRAVITY AND UNIVERSE Original research shielding of the gravitational field, horizon of visibility of the Universe is received, the effective section of a proton completely shielding gravitational field of space is defined. Vildyan Yanbikov Vildyan Shavkyatovich Volgograd, RUSSIAN FEDERATION Corresponding Author Secondary Information: Corresponding Author's Institution: Corresponding Author's Secondary Institution: First Author: Vildyan Yanbikov Vildyan Shavkyatovich First Author Secondary Information: Order of Authors: Vildyan Yanbikov Vildyan Shavkyatovich Order of Authors Secondary Information: Abstract: Suggested Reviewers: In the proposed study shows phenomenological model shielding gravitational fields of the protons of the cosmos. The screening of gravity in space is based on the principle that any elementary particle with the mass of rest and located in the free the fall of escapes all gravitational fields in which it is located. The study determined the intensity of the gravitational field of the infinite space half-space. Determined by the effective crosssection proton screening the gravitational field of the cosmos. Defined radius the action of gravitational forces in the cosmos. A formula is obtained which determines the distance to the galaxy by its «red» offset. Defined life time photon in space. Determined the size of the horizon visibility of the Universe. Bill Nolgo ejfl@yandex.ru Uli klop ejfm@yandex.ru Lastu Kbilo dhlk@eandex.ru Powered by Editorial Manager and ProduXion Manager from Aries Systems Corporation

3 *Manuscript Click here to download Manuscript: Scrin.doc Click here to view linked References Yanbikov Vildyan Shavkyatovich Russian Federation, Volgograd, 000, Bibliotechnaya street, house, apartament. Phone: vildyanyanbikov@yandex.ru GRAVITY AND UNIVERSE Abstract: In the proposed study shows phenomenological model shielding gravitational fields of the protons of the cosmos. The screening of gravity in space is based on the principle that any elementary particle with the mass of rest and located in the free the fall of escapes all gravitational fields in which it is located. The study determined the intensity of the gravitational field of the infinite space half-space. Determined by the effective cross-section proton screening the gravitational field of the cosmos. Defined radius the action of gravitational forces in the cosmos. A formula is obtained which determines the distance to the galaxy by its «red» offset. Defined life time photon in space. Determined the size of the horizon visibility of the Universe. Keywords: shielding of the gravitational field, horizon of visibility of the Universe is received, the effective section of a proton completely shielding gravitational field of space is defined..0.-k 0

4 GRAVITY AND UNIVERSE Author: Yanbikov Vildyan Shavkyatovich I. INTRODUCTION In the proposed study shows phenomenological model shielding gravitational fields of the protons of the cosmos. The screening of gravity in space is based on the principle that any elementary particle with the mass of rest and located in the free the fall of escapes all gravitational fields in which it is located. The study determined the intensity of the gravitational field of the infinite space half-space. Determined by the effective cross-section proton screening the gravitational field of the cosmos. Defined radius the action of gravitational forces in the cosmos. A formula is obtained which determines the distance to the galaxy by its «red» offset. Defined life time photon in space. Determined the size of the horizon visibility of the Universe. II. The basic part Define the gravitational field of an infinite outer half-space. The density of matter in space n protons in unit of volume. The material point of mass m is located in the beginning of spherical the coordinate system (fig. ). Half of the space is limited to the plane of XY and endlessly along the Z-axis. The volume element of the half-space in a spherical system of coordinates. dv=r sinθdθ dφdr Weight of the total dm=ρdv where ρ - average density of the substance space (n - protons in the volume unit). Mass dm acts on which is located in the beginning of the coordinates of the mass m with the force of df=. Component of the force along the Z-axis is df= cosθ or df=γmρ cosθ sinθ dθdφdr The force acting on the mass m from the half-space is equal to F=γmρ sinθ cosθ dθdφdr or J= sinθ cosθ dθ dφ dr where 0 θ π/ ; 0 φ π ; 0 R< ; π=. To eliminate the divergence of the integral take into account the weakening effect of the

5 particles outer space of the gravitational field. The force acting on the part of the element dm on mass m will be weak particles of space located within the bodily angle dω. Under which appeared the volume element dv from the coordinate origin. Area ds base on which the solid angle of the ds=r Sinθ dθdφ. The volume of a cone solid angle dv= R ds. The number of particles in the volume dn= nr ds or dn= nr sinθ dθdφ. The area of overlap, particles space within the solid angle dω is ds 0 =σ dn. σ - effective section of a particle fully screening the gravitational field. Using the expression for the dn. Get ds 0 = σnr sinθ dθdφ. We introduce the factor of escaping k= or k= nσr. For k= we obtain R 0 =. At the distance R=R 0 particle m will be completely shielded from particles located at a distance of more R 0. The integral J= sinθ cosθ dθ dφ kdr where 0 θ π/; 0 φ π; 0 R R0 Or J = nσr Force acting on the particle m from the half-space F= Express density through the mass of a proton M p. Get ρ= nm p Or F=. Gravitational field of a half-space g= g= () Define the loss of energy of a photon as it moves in space the space. Suppose that at time t=0 resting source of radiation A emitted photon frequency ν in the direction of the AB (fig.). Divide the plane containing line segment AB all space on two half-space. The left and the right. Destroy in the left half-space all the cosmic substance. We introduce the rectangular system of coordinates. The Z axis is perpendicular to the plane of containing line segment AB. The X axis is directed along the line segment AB. Under the influence of attraction of the substance of the right half-space path of a photon is deflected from direct AB in the right half-space. The photon will be given impetus along the positive direction of the Z axis. The substance of the right halfspace as well begins to move in the direction of the trajectory of a photon. If both half-space will be filled with the substance of the path of a photon is a straight line AB. Substance in volume of the cylinder radius R 0 begins to move to the path of a photon. Energy the photon will be spent on bringing in the movement of the particles to the trajectory of a photon. The kinetic energy of

6 the acquired particles of space will be equal to the loss of energy of the photon. Frequency of a photon will decrease. To determine the increase in the photon energy at the site of its trajectory length L. Let at the moment of emission of photon t=0 the energy was ε=hν. Through time t the energy of a photon will ε =hν. Consider the transverse motion of the photon along the Z-axis under the influence of attraction of the right half-space filled with the substance of the cosmos. At the end of the its trajectory at the point B photon acquires a lateral speed V directed along the Z-axis. For the transverse motion of the photon dependency mass to the speed of the transverse motion of m = m is the mass of a photon at the time of its emission of t=0. m -mass of a photon through time t after a time t=0, c - speed of light in vacuum. At the end of the trajectory at the point B photon energy increases by a value. ε= - mc The transverse speed of a photon V at the point B is determined from the equality. V=gt= g g is the gravitational field from the right half-space. If all space is filled with the substance of the decrease of the energy of a photon on the site the trajectory of the AB=L is equal to ε. hν-hν =hν - ) from Here = () Use the «red» offset spectra of photons emitted by galaxies z= where λ - the wavelength of the emitted photon; λ - wave length the observed photon. Or z = then =

7 Substituting in the formula () the expression to get the Substitute Substitute ρ=nm p V=g σ = () From astronomical observations have the value «red» offset z and the distance to the galaxy L. Then according to formula () can be found effective cross-section of proton fully screening the gravitational field. For the values of z =0.00 and L=0. 0 м let's have σ = м. The diameter of the effective cross section shielded proton d =. 0 - м. Imagine z as a function of L. We introduce designation α = From the formula () is a quadratic equation. (α L -)z +(α L -)z+α L =0 From the condition z = 0 when L=0 the quadratic equation has a single root Z = () From () it should be 0 α L. The denominator is equal to zero at α L =. Hence L = the point of the gap for the function z = z(l). The limits of the right and left of the breaking point z has the value + -. Substitute α in the expression L =. Get horizon of visibility of the Universe L= 0. 0 м. Knowing the «red» galactic displacement of a galaxy can calculate

8 the distance to the galaxy by the formula L = () life Time of a photon in space T p = () Horizon of visibility of the Universe L h = () III. The conclusions The methods of classical physics received some fundamental values in the visible part of the Universe. The Opportunity to escape the gravitational field allows you to experimentally distinguish the gravitational field of acceleration. The shielding of the gravitational field can be checked experimentally in installation (fig.). M - lead cylinder. P - high-precision balance off. m the mass of hanging in the balance. At the moment of the beginning of the fall of the cylinder M scales P should.

9 B A Z Y Y Z X V g fig.. φ θ R dm Z X Y m Fig

10 z L z=f(l) L o L o =горизонт видимости Вселенной fig. L h V=gt Fig. P m M