Pennsylvania State University. The Graduate School. College of Agricultural Sciences THREE ESSAYS ON AGRICULTURAL CONTRACTING:

Transcription

1 ylv S Uvy Th d Shool Collg of Agll S T SSAYS ON AICUTUA CONTACTIN: INCOOATIN MAKT QUIIIUM AND DYNAMICS INTO INCIA-ANT MODS A Th Agll vol d gol oo by Ygo Wg 4 Ygo Wg Sbd l lfll of h fo h Dg of Doo of hloohy Ag 4

2 Th h of Ygo Wg w vd d ovd* by h followg: dwd C. Jk A ofo of Agll oo Th Adv Ch of Co So. Sfo ofo of Agll oo J W. D ofo of Agll oo Kly Ch Dghd ofo of oo d Mg S Sh M. Sh ofo of Agll d gol oo d of h D of Agll oo d l Soology *Sg o fl h d Shool.

3 ASTACT Movd by vl ooy obl g U.S. gl h h vg h l og dff of gll og bw gow d oo. Sflly h f y vg h loh bw h of vo y of hog o d h fo of h o k wh foo y wh gd o obvbly of od ly. Th y ob o h g l by bddg l-g odl of oo-od bhvo wh gl lb odl of h hog k. Dff fo h l o d h y old h o l h d o k d d h v of o k d fol- o. Moov h y fd h boh fol- o d o-l o off g of o oo d g d ly o gow lv o fd- o k- o. Th od y d ffy of bol o o of o of gow dfo wh h g lv-fo o. Sflly h y o vo lv-fo o wh fd-fo o dy g d d ov of h d-y lv-fo o. Vo hol fo fy h oy of lv-fo o boh g d dy g wh oo hok do doy hok. I ddo wo-oold-o lv-fo o how o ov boh h oo d h gow wlf lv o h gl-o lv-fo o. Th hd y vg h ol of gow o wh gll oo dg ol v fo

4 v b ly od wo-od dy o. I dy odl wh o o by boh o ff bodd h oo oo obbly of h gow y g y l fo h ol wll-kow h ff. d o h ol dy o wh o o h oo off d o wd o h gow og o h fo. Th y do h h ol dy o wh o wd wold ofo o wh o o wd offd.

5 v TA O CONTNTS IST O IUS..v IST O TAS...v ACKNOWDMNTS.. INTODUCTION... ACKOUND... OJCTIVS AND I OUTINS O T SSAYS...6 OVVIW O XISTIN ITATU...9 CONTIUTION O T TSIS... NCS...4 SSAY I...7 SIMUATIN T IMACTS O CONTACT SUIS IN A SOT MAKT-CONTACT MAKT QUIIIUM STTIN...7. INTODUCTION...8. ITATU VIW OJCTIVS T MOD d- Co Mk- Co ol- Co wh Qly Co-l Co wh Qly A NUMICA XAM AND SUTS Cv Sly d So Mk k d od Wlf I of Mk ow CONCUSION AND DISCUSSION...86 NCS...97 SSAY II...99 STATIC AND DYNAMIC ICINCY O OOD OI CONTACTS: ATIV OMANC CONTACTS VS. IXD OMANC CONTACTS INTODUCTION.... ITATU VIW....3 OJCTIVS T MOD A S Modl wh O To Two-od Modl A S Modl wh Two oold To CONCUSION AND DISCUSSION...65 NCS...7 SSAY III...75 DYNAMIC CONTACTS WIT ADVS SCTION: INCOOATIN OW UTATION INTO CONTACT DSIN INTODUCTION ITATU VIW OJCTIVS T MOD Two-od ll-co Co...85

6 3.4. Two-od Dy Co wh No Co o wd CONCUSION AND DISCUSSION...37 NCS...4 TSIS SUMMAY...44 v

7 v IST O IUS IU. TIMIN O T TANSACTION...4 IU. IMACT O TA ON CONTACT SUIS AND XCTD SOT MAKT IC UND T IXD-IC CONTACT WIT ISK AVSION IU.3 CONTACT SUIS VS. XCTD SOT MAKT IC AND VAIANC O SOT MAKT ICS UND T IXD-IC CONTACT WIT ISK AVSION...74 IU.4 IMACT O TA ON CONTACT SUIS AND XCTD SOT MAKT IC UND T OMUA-IC CONTACT...75 IU.5 CATIV SUIS VS. XCTD SOT MAKT IC AND VAIANC O SOT MAKT ICS UND T OMUA-IC CONTACT...76 IU.6 IMACT O TA ON CONTACT SUIS AND XCTD SOT MAKT IC UND T COST-US CONTACT...78 IU.7 CONTACT SUIS VS. XCTD SOT MAKT IC AND VAIANC O SOT MAKT ICS UND T COST-US CONTACT...78 IU.8 CONTACT SUIS VS. ACKS XCTD OIT AND VAIANC O ACKS OIT UND T IXD-IC CONTACT WIT ISK AVSION...8 IU.9 CONTACT SUIS VS. ODUCS XCTD OIT AND VAIANC O ODUCS INCOM UND T IXD-IC CONTACTS WIT ISK AVSION...8 IU. CONTACT SUIS VS. ACKS XCTD OIT AND VAIANC O ACKS OIT UND T OMUA-IC CONTACT...8 IU. CONTACT SUIS VS. ODUCS XCTD OIT AND VAIANC O ODUCS INCOM UND T OMUA-IC CONTACT...83 IU. CONTACT SUIS VS. ACKS XCTD OIT AND VAIANC O ACKS OIT UND T COST-US CONTACT...84 IU.3 CONTACT SUIS VS. ODUCS XCTD OIT AND VAIANC O ODUCS INCOM UND T COST-US CONTACT...85 IU 3. T OTIMA CONTACT WIT CT INOMATION...88 IU 3. IUSTATION O CTS O ON I-QUAITY TY S INOMATION NTS IU 3.3 A IST-IOD SAATIN QUIIIUM... IU 3.4 A ANDICAD SAATIN QUIIIUM...3 IU 3.5 IUSTATION O AN INASI SAATIN QUIIIUM...7 IU 3.6 A IST-IOD SMI-SAATIN QUIIIUM...3 IU 3.7 A SMI-SAATIN QUIIIUM DOMINATS A SAATIN QUIIIUM...6 IU 3.8 IUSTATION O T CTS O T UTATION WAD...34

8 v IST O TAS TA. TWV AST U.S. OK ACKS OCUMNT MTODS... TA. AAMTS USD IN T NUMICA XAM...7 TA.3 A NUMICA XAM O T MOD.5 N...9 TA.4 A NUMICA XAM O T MOD.5 N5...9 TA.5 A NUMICA XAM O T MOD.5 N...94 TA.6 SUMMAY O IMACTS O CONTACT SUIS UND AC CONTACT...96 TA. COMAISONS O IXD-OMANC CONTACTS AND ATIV-OMANC CONTACTS...7

9 ACKNOWDMNTS I gfl o y ol fo h og d hlfl o dg h dvlo of y do. I lly dbd o y dv D. dwd C. Jk who vlbl d h o hld h h fl df of y h. I gly h vy vwg d og y d df. I lo dly oh o b D. So. Sfo D. J W. D d D. Kly Ch who ovdd vlbl ggo d gh o h h. I wold lo lk o hk y vo off Mg-Ch Ch og oh fo o do h hld fol h d y h. b o l I ow l hk o y d y wf Yg Yg fo h og o d lfl lov. I w h o d lov h gv gh o d hogho h o.

10 INTODUCTION

11 kgod U of og gl h d gfly ov h vl dd. A USDA vy fd h og oo og ll y of f og fo 35 of ol odo wh ov wo-hd of o vol w kg o d o-hd w odo o. Aog h l o lvok o ov 95 of h oly o d o whl 4.9 d 5.3 of h hog o d l o d o. Aoh dy o odo o how h 99 of bol odd d odo o whl hog d l 33% d 4% vly yg l.. Cog ov fo gll od d oo hv b dd bod gll g. Mk od ly d k hg o of h o o ol loh do. Th yll d ol of o l odo h hog d l k ly o o oo b ly hog ho- o. O h gow d gow y f h k of o hvg by wh dd. Th o of l hogh og d o o h k fo boh oo d gow. I ddo fo gow llg h l v og wh oo d k o gow lv o llg o h h k. d ly ly oh o fo o oo b hgh-ly l d oo o by ffg og d lbo o wll h y of hgh-vl fh l yg l.. Tdolly lvok d bol old bd o lv wgh o

12 3 wgh who kg o o ly dffo. owv h g hod hv b d dg o gl o od gdg ly b yg l.. Th oo o h hgh ly l v o d oh kg g. Thogh kg o o odo o oo ovd v fo b ly h wd h l hy h fo gow. I ddo d odo o oo o bl o ool h ho of g ok fdg og d g do o h odo of od l. owv obvbly of l ly bfo dlvy y v oo fo og o l ly h. Id ol v fo b ly b ovdd odol o oh obvd vbl h fd ovo o h bol dy o l yld h hog dy. Whl oo d od ovd by l fo o o o o gll o og h o h ow f d o h l h bo odo o o hol dvlo. I o f o fo l h g of o bw od d k h ovokd oovy. A l oo d od h o f dff obl. Th followg o o of h g gll og h d o b ddd. ff of og o o k Th o o og wy fo dol h k h h ok d bf d d y oh gll o h bogh w d obl. Sflly h hog o h by o lg od of fol

13 4 g o whh bd o o k h d o h og k h h k h. o obv g h fol g o d o k d h volly yg l. lhogh o l dy h dod h o h hog o. Sl ff y lo k l h l o d o v l of fd l hogh og d oh y of kg g. Whl vo l d o of og o h o k h fd l o g d fd d l d o dff d o odl fo. I ddo o g d dd-fo o h d do o o fo y foo of obvbl ly o gow y. Th l fo h d lkly o b ol o bd. lv-fo o I o o h l d hog o h bol dy f fo obl og h o k b h v of og h dy h ld o h vl d of h o k. Id of bg y o o h y of od bol o lly o of fd b y d vbl bo y dd o gow lv fo. Th bo y dd g of h dff bw gow dvdl fo d h vg fo of h gow. owv y gow hv old bo bo y h o h odvy o oh. Adod h ly 99 vo fo of lglo d o gl ol of hog fo l y b lld g Iow-Soh Mo wghd vg of 49-5% l hog yg l.. I by 4 fdl y fod Tyo h M gly of g v l o l h o. Tyo lwy d hy wold l h lg Th Nw Yok T b. 8 4.

14 5 bol o Mo Wo d K. Slly Noh Col bll w ly odd h flly ohbd y o gow bd o h fo lv o oh gow yg l.. o d log- o Sld v d ol loh of go hd hd b of gll o h oly ok gg d od o fo f d vgbl wh gll od k log- v ld fl d. o l oly od v gl hk ho h o b dly ovd o oh o h o of og o. Al g d of f gow v d of o v h gh lo b lod o gl. I h f h ol loh bw gow d by d h gow y b lf wh lbl h o b bd. Th y of obl of lld hold- obl d oh od wh h of f v h ovd h of log- o odo Wllo 989. g-l oo vly log- o wh od o d h l d h ll d o d dly yg l.. Ov dy ol loh o y ly o ol g h oo-od loh. I ow o o h hoy of h vo o o hoy of d fo. I l wh Wlo 985 ly o ff oh do of h bhvo d hby ff h o d h volo of h o dd o h hoy of h o. Th h ol gy o

15 6 h doff bw ho- o of h o d log- o d o h ff of h o o h f o. My d hv dd h ol of o ff vo g. o l Wlo 985 d of o ff vo gho d k odl wh dy f d fool y og h. oodh hyoh gdg loh bw log- og d gow o of o hgh ly h Clfo wg dy. U o ow howv fw d hv vgd h l ff of gow o o ol v wh o dg log dy o. Obv d f Ol of Th y v h dv obl d g ooy gll odo h h o vg h l og dff of gll og. I o of h dd y wh h y dlg wh o og gll og. O of o h of fol- o d o k d k volly h f y vg h loh bw og d h o k h hog o. Mo flly h y dvlo lk lb odl d o fv dff y of o h hog dy.. wo fd- o k- o fol- o d o-l o of h o h o k. Mk lb odo dvd d fv dff og o f oog

16 7 l-g odl of dvdl od-oo loh o k lb odl of o d h k. I ddo h l-g odl o fo y foo of obvbl ly whl bddg dogoly dd h k o dvdl oo-od loh. d o h o k-o k lb d h o o l d fo l l o l h of og o h hog o k. Whl h odl ld o h hog o h hodology b ld o oh o h h l o. Th od y vg ffy of bol o d o fo of lv-fo o C d fd-fo o C d boh odl d wo-od dy odl. Two o of h wo-od dy lv fo o vgd: h -od C d h vo-od C wh h -od C wd bo o gow g h go vg fo lld h od dd whl h vo-od C wd h gow by og h fo wh h vo od vg fo of h go of gow. b o h l h y vg odl whh oo y l gow o wo o by offg wo oold o. Th oo of h y llow h oo o od o h hdd foo of gow y. Ud h o dbd bov y foo of obvbl y of gow d obvbl odo ffo odd o h odl. Th l d h oly lo dd h fl o of h y.

17 8 Th hd y d h ff of gow o wo-od dy oo-gow loh. Two o of h wo-od odl d: fll-o odl d odl wh o o. Sflly h fll o o h boh od o h o d h o o b bhd o god dg h og od. Th oo o h h h oo o h gow o o ol h:.. h oo v h o h od od odol o h gow f od fo d h gow h loh h d of h od. Ud h o-o dy o flly g lb -g lb d oolg lb blhd. I h o-o o ff fl h of y foo d bodd h oo obbly of h gow y by h oo h d of h f od. owv h ly h follow h hd y blh h h y of o ff oly h v fo dvo:.. g h bhvo of h low-ly y yld f foo o h hgh-ly gow y by g h oo blf h h gow gh b of low-ly y. d o h oo dy o o wd h odd o h odl. I h o h h gow o d by h d fo. Sflly o wd bd o h gow fo d o h gow h od od f h oo obv good fo h d of h f od. To lfy h ly fh h o wd d o k h fo of l y. Ud h o

18 9 h y o do h h o wd og o h hoy of fo ovd v fo h gow o v ffo bldg o fo ly d hby ov boh h oo d h gow wlf d l do lb. I h y h gl fwok of l-g odl dbd M- Colll Who d 995 d whl oog vo fo of y foo. owv h odl v ddg o h y of h o dd. Ovvw of g g l bo og hoy d gll og vy bod. M-Colll Who d 995 b o dg obl whh l o l-g odl o oo y foo ldg hdd o ol hd d hdd foo. A b of o h ll g ldol ffo ll gl d log- gy loh of h b odl hv b dd h l. o l olö 98 Nlbff d Sgl 983 d Soky 983 d Mloo 986 whh ll g hd. h d Who 986 o h oh hd g whh gl g hd by vl l. d 985 ogo 985 d b 983 o whh h gy loh d ov y od. Mloo d Swy 988 d dbg olo d Mlgo 99 dy lo of log- o v of ho- o. Th l of

19 l hdly hv wh oh good vw of og hoy fod d olö 987 d Slé 997. O h oh hd o h gll og h fod h o fdg l vd of o ffy o g hol oh o vg vo og obl gl. Mo dl wh o h d h ok bf d bol d o h v of og ho o. o l A 998 l 99 Shod l. 993 d Wd Koo d Shod 998 vg loh bw og d h h k h fd l dy d fd d l. Th d whh loy dff l h d d odl fo fll ho of ovdg dfv do of of og o h h. dd-fo o h go h f h o l d h o k dogoly ld. Th h l fo ho d lkly o b bd. Moov d vd o h oy o of h oo y foo o h odl lly fly obvd ly dff h o k d o k. oodh d So 998 Kob d Th 994 d vy d Vk ffy of bol o g l vd whl Toloh d Vk d hol oh o o lv fo o d fd fo o oog hdd o by gow. All h d hv hd o lgh o h ffy of bol o; howv hy hdly hv. A fw d hv vgd o ff d log- o gl. o l oodh l. hyoh gdg log-

20 loh bw og d o of g ly h Clfo wg dy. owv o of h o ff d h dod l-g fwok. Cobo of h Th d o d h h vg h of gll og vo gll o. h h y d h h lly dd h h o oly ob o h gl l of gll og b lo ovd o hoogh ly o h f o. lly h vo oh d h h d h gl l of gll og o og o k-o k lb l-g loh d ol ol h. o h f o lod h h h ly h follow lbl l h glly o wh wh o obv oo d h old b d o ovd b oly gdl. Th o obo of h y bfly d h followg o. I h f y fv dff y of o od of h dv ff o h hog h k. Th obo of h y hfold: h y o oly vg h loh bw hog og d h hog o k l b lo ovd gl hodology fo h y of obl. Dff fo o d h y bd l-g odl of oo-gow loh wh gl lb k odl whh h

21 dogo loh bw o l d h o k lly kowldgd. Mo flly gow o o oogow loh dogd by lkg h gow og do o h gl-lb-dd o of hog. Sod h y ob o h g l by oog y foo of fly obvd hog l. Thd h l blhd h y fy h do of fol- o h hog o d o wh wh o obv h l wold. Th od y d ffy of bol o o of o of gow dfo wh g lv-fo o. Th y f ob o h l by ovdg o hoogh d ohv ly of bol o wh ooo of boh ol hd d dv lo. Mo flly o kow dy h vgd h d-y ll-oold lvfo o d h vo-od dy lv-fo o h bol o. Sod h y ovd o dfv oly lo fo h hol odl. Th y do h d odo lvfo o fo b h fd-fo o fo h v of boh gow d oo wlf. h vo hol odl d h y fy h oy of lv-fo o lv o fd-fo o. 3 Th hd y vg lo of gow o o ol v log- dy o. Th l d h y glly o wh h g l dy o. owv vl

22 3 o dff : ly d hv fod d l og h of g lb dy o. I h y ol odo lly dvd fo g lb -g lb d oolg lb d odo. h odo fo oly of hdd g lb lo vgd wh hdd g lb off gl o oly o hgh-ly gow. Sodly lhogh y d hv dd o ff vo g fw d hv b kow o lly vg h ff o ol v of o wd og o fo wh o dg log- dy o oog wh y foo og g. Th ly h y do h odo of o wd log- dy o old ov h fo of h o by ovdg o ffv v d h l do lb lv o h wh o o wd vlbl.

23 4 f A A. Cv l k od d h o-k. A Jol of Agll oo 8 by 998: h. D. d M. D. Who. Coo gy. oo : l. Ch fowd o v hdgg of fd l d h of h og o h. Jol of Agll d o oo 799: 5-7. dbg D.. olo d. Mlgo. Sho- o d log gy loh. J. of oo Thoy 599: -3. oodh... C. d. K. So. Uddg odo o: Tg gy hoy odl. d AAA l g Sl k Cy Uh My 998. J.. d N.. Soky. A oo of o d o. J. of oll ooy 93983: O. D. d. olö. Th hoy of o. Adv oo Thoy. fh Wold Cog. T. wly d. Cbdg Uvy yg M. T. Shod J. w D. y T. Vk C. Wd d W. ll. M k vl go d o lkg h bf d ok d: A oo v. Sff l h. D of oo. Iow S Uvy. olö. Mol hd. ll J. of oo 398:34-34.

24 5 do D. Cog gl: A fo f ld. D of Ag. o.. M S Uvy. o -7. Kob C.. d W. N. Th. Tg h hoy of o: A l ly of bol odo. J. of bo oo 994: b.a. og o d ol hd. ll J. of oo 4983: vy A. d T. Vk. Th lg ooo ff o wh hogo ly: A l ly of bol o. Wokg. lgh NC: Noh Col S Uvy.. vd o D 3 fo h:// Mloo J. M. k-od o fo l wh y g. Th vw of oo Sd : Mloo J. M. d. Swy. Th Mlod l-g obl. Th vw of oo Sd : M-Colll A. M. D. Who d J... Mooo hoy. Nw Yok: Ofod Uvy. I Nlbff. J. d J.. Sgl. d v: Towd gl hoy of oo d oo. ll Jol of oo 4 Sg 983: -43. d. d l g g wh dog. oo : Slé d. Th oo of Co: A. Cbdg: Th MIT. 997.

25 6 ogo W. d ol hd. oo 53985: Shod T. C.. Jo J. M d A.. kly. Th of fowd og o fd l o. vw of Agll oo 5993: Toloh Thof d T. Vk. glg bol o: o v fd fo dd. d AAA l g Ag. Wd C.. S.. Koo d T. C. Shod. I fo v l of fd l o. Jol of Agll d o o 3998: Wllo O.. To o oo. dbook of Idl Ogo. Vol.. Shl d. D. Wllg d Noh olld Wlo.. o d Mk. -Tho Modl of gg. oh Alv. d Cbdg Nw Yok d Sydy: Cbdg Uvy 985.

26 7 SSAY I SIMUATIN T IMACTS O CONTACT SUIS IN A SOT MAKT-CONTACT MAKT QUIIIUM STTIN

27 8. Iodo A o o od wh h vl of og gll odo h d lvok o d o o kg g k h h k h. Whl d dvod o h how d l vl old h h g of og kg d o k d k h o voll. owv h d d o oh fl o o fo dffd od ly b of hodologl d d-dv o. Dff fo o of h g l h y l odl o ly h of og o h o k. Th y f dvlo odl wh h l-g fwok fo h dvdl oo-od loh g ly dffo h o k. Th h k lb dvd v gl lb odl by gggg dvdl oo dd d od ly. h vy ly odd by odfyg odl dg h of og o vg h of og o h o k.. vw Sd g l d og h of og kg o o fd d l. l 99 od l dy d old h fowd og h d h ol ohly vg Agll Mkg Sv of fd l; howv of o

28 9 h o h wh o T K Colodo d Nbk d. kly d Shod 996 l odl of h bf kg o d fd h h vbly ovly od wh h lvl of v l. owv h of v l o bf o w o lly d h l dy. Wd Koo d Shod 996 dvlo l odl d o gv loh bw v l dlvd fo kg g d fowd od l d h ; howv h ff of k fd l o o l d. I oh dy Wd Koo d Shod 998 fd h h ff of v l o h bgo d o h hf boh dd d ly h o k. Shod Jo M d kly 993 ly h of fowd og o fd l h d fd gf gv ff. Thol d h lo vg h of fowd og o h fd l d l. A 998 dvlo lb l odl of l o b fd bgo ff of v l. o o h gv ff of fowd og o h y o b lbl b ov ld by h v-ly-dd hf k dd d ly o l. h g l l bd o ddfo odl who fol fwok dlyg h odl b o. X d So 4 ly h lo of o-of-h-k l o h g gl lb odl d old h h kg o wh o-of-h-k hgh k l d h k.

29 Th d whh loy dff l h d d odl fo fll ho of ovdg dfv do of of og o h h. Moov d vd o h oy o of h oo y foo o h odl lly fly obvd ly dff h o k d o k. Svl d d by yg l. o gf ly dff hog ly od fo o d h k o. I ddo flg ly dffl vg o oly hgh h o k yg l. h d Kkl 999. A ld by h bov do o g d vgg h bo loh bw og d o k o h l dy. No dy h b fod o ly h of og o h hog o k. I f v ly l ology d fo h l k. owv h l og odg d h of og bl o hodolog d fo h l k o ly h hog k. Thfo h y wll o oly vg h loh bw hog og d h hog o k l b lo ovd gl hodology fo h y of obl. g Mkg Co h og So h d Kkl 999 y of kg o vlbl h hog o 3. Th o y fol- o-l -wdow -floo fd-b d fd- o. Tbl. dl h l o h lg ok k o hod odg o d My Jy 3 Sl do lo b fod yg l.

30 vy. S k-fd l o fo oly vy ll oo of ok k o of hog ldd fo h dy. I ddo kg o ld o h f k lo ldd b byod h of h. Tbl. Twlv lg U.S. ok k o hod g hod % ol od l o 47. o d d o f.. h 8.5 o d d o fd o ldg 3.3 d d o fd wh ldg 9. d Wdow k hg o ldg 3.8 Wdow k hg ldg.8 d Oh k-owd.7 So k h 5.7 So: d o d My Jy vy. Alo yg l 38. ol- o d h o blh wh lg of hog fowd od wh k. ol g whh bd o o k l o do o fo 47.% of ll o y. ol fo l y b lld h fo Iow/S. Mo 47-49% l hog l o dffl d bd o k dff h loo o ly of hog. So hv gd h fol o do o ovd oo hy wll fl log wh h k o whh hy bd. Thfo l odl hv b d o h hyoh h fol o d o k d

31 volly h o k. owv dd h vo o ho l hv b d ddg o h d o h d odl. Co-l o fy bd o fd o whh o h g gl o of odo. Th lly lvl o ovd k oo ddo o y d k. Th o y hv blg l wh y d o oo/oo wh k blow h o d v v. -wdow o gl lg d floo. Wh h k fll wh h lg d h floo h hog hgd h k. Wh h k fll bov h lg o blow h floo h k d h od l h dff bw h wo. -floo o. To o h k fo h oo h od l oo of h hog bov dd lg o o y hogh h low od. Th fo of h o wll bl log- oo. If h blg o l h o floo o d o o-l o h o b odld l-od g. Who og fo f h blg o oly llo o ooh od o ov o d o vbly b do o d y k. Th o vg h o d h o b d o hv l ff k.

32 3 To dd h loh bw o ly d h o k h y wll fo o h followg fo y of o: fd o k o 3 fol o wh ly d 4 o l o wh ly..3 Obv Th obv of h dy o vg h loh bw of og d h o k h hog dy g hol odl. To o fo ly dffo h o k l-g fwok d o odl dvdl oo-od loh. I ddo w y foo og obvbl hog ly h o k. o h y of o h k lb dvd v gl lb odl by gggg dvdl dd d ly. h od o ly h of of og o h hog o k vy ly fod by odfyg h odl dg h of og h odl. Th y ob o h g l by bddg l-g odl of oo-od lb bhvo wh gl lb odl of h hog k. I ld wy lo ob by dogg h od o o by lkg h od og do o h gllb dd o k of hog.

33 4.4 Th Modl Th odl o h g. I g I k o fo od o who hy off o d h g od g o wh k. I g II h od ddly d how y hog o od d dlv o h h k. I g III wh h h k l h k dd h y o h h h k d boh h o d h k l. Th o b lld by h followg fg. g od g o lo of odo h o d k l D D D g. Tl of h o Th N hoogo od d M hoogo oo h ok o wh M<<N. I h f g h od dd h o g o o o o g o. So g I ly w od g o wh k. o fo vy k. Who lo of gly w loy X d So 4 o h h od h ho- ly fo f ϖ ϖ wh h y of hog odd by od dϖ h d h od v 4. h o od ddly od y of hog bd o h ho- ly fo d ll fd ooo of h hog o k. Sfyg h h fho 4 X d So 4 dd k l d v l h bf o hog o.

34 5 llow o vg h ff of v l o h k lb by odfyg h vl of h l o 5. Th h k ob Q hog fo h o k. O h oh hd ho od who do o h o ddly dd o od y g bd o h ho- ly fo. h k ov od hog o fhd od odg o odo fo g g Q wh do h ly of hog od d oly obvbl o od bfo dlvy. Th odo fo d o b ov Q d wh g Q Q > g QQ Q d g Q > g Q Q >. h h k og g Q o h h Q ddg o h ly of hog od wh h. bg ov Q d wh h Q Q > h QQ Q > d h Q <. S h hog ly obvbl o k bfo dlvy w h k obv h k of h fhd od h fh f gl of h ly of hog dlvd. Mo flly h h k of h fhd od do bd o D f d oodg CD wh l h o Ω. I d h h CD f f-od oh do. I oh wod f o o h wo ly lvl { } h > } h h h d k of h fhd od hgh wh h ly of hog hgh h h 5 Th b hogh of h hdg o of dvdl od. Sfyg h h fho o oly llow fo vgg h ff of v l o h k lb b lo gfly lf h ly. I ddo fo of g h of o k.

35 6 wh h ly of hog low. No h h o bl of g o obvol y wh o o h vbl. O o h ly vlo d y o f dlvy d f k l. I h y y o dd D 3 g dg h of y h o k. owv oh o h ly fly obvd o dlvy d h k o fo bo h of k l. Th y o loly follow h od o by g f gl h loly ld o h ly of hog dlvd d obvbl o k o dlvy. S h k h hog fo h h k bd o lv wgh b o wgh b dff l o dghd ly h o k. To lfy h ly w h h h k oly vg ly f obvd. Thfo Aklof lo g l d h k wold o ovd ff v fo hog od o od hghly hog. followg h lo g w h dd od o g ol loh wll od oly low-ly hog {} whl od od wll od h hgh-ly o low-ly hog ddg o h dvdl o. o ly h ly of hog vlbl h h k fd h h of hog l old by od od d dd od o h o k 6. 6 A lv o h h vg k ly h wghd vg of hog old by od od d dd od o h o k howv gfly ol h ly. Thfo w oly h h h y llo.

36 7 Th obvbly of ly lo ly o ol how yoff d. S ly oly obvbl o od o b lly od. I ddo od o o hgh-ly hog fo h og od oo ovd ogh v o og hgh ly o of od. Thfo h o d o od by oo dd o h k of h fhd od.. w whh b gdd h f ly gl. Aodg o yg l. 36 og ly ff og d lbo o wll h y of hgh-vl fh hog. o l h hog wh v f d o g d od l l. Covly l hog k l o o d od lg y of l ok. To lfy h ly fh w h h o fo of h k l fo g Q Q wh < dg h f h hgh-ly hog yld o fhd od h low-ly hog. Th og o fo fo h k k d fo h Q Q wh lly old olly-dbd do vbl wh o d v ffg h og o fo. Addolly d h < flg h f h low-ly hog hgh og o h hgh-ly hog.

37 8 Co od hv -v ly fo W v wh W w h ol v of h o-g od fo boh h o k d h h k d h o k. owv fo dd od h ol v o oly fo h o k. Th W. Addolly d h ly ov ' '' W wh W > d W <. h od dly odg o h fo v wh <. od ly fo d o hv h oy of o bol k vo CAA W W wh h Aow- off of bol k vo. Th h d ly W o o. W v W wh vw do h v of W. v h o d bov h k of:. Π w Ω g Ω g Q h h Q w Q d d b o.3

38 Ω w d v v { }.4 g w d ˆ v ˆ { } ˆ Ω 9 wh Mhl o oo of o k odol o foo vlbl - Q hog o b od by k fo h o k og o b od by k fo h o k vg ly of hog old h h k Mk of hog old h h k. Th dvdl oly o.3 h h d yoff o h od g h o hold b o l h h wh h ll ll h hog o h h k. No h h h k wll b dd by k lb. Th v obly o.4 h d oo hdl w h od ol ly ho. A w hv dd h o. w wll fo o h followg fo y of hog kg o: d- o k- o 3 fol- o wh ly d 4 o-l o wh ly.

39 3.4. d- Co o h oo olly off h od fd w w dd of. Coly oly h low ly b ld. To h o h wh h oo h h od yoff o ffd by h ly of hog od o h oo o h od wll hoo h low obl ly lvl o h low dly. Thfo h v obly o fd. I ddo h od ly h vo ly b ohw h oo lwy d h wd l h h od vo ly lvl. h o o.3 bd wll d h fd- o. fo w o h ly wh h CAA ly fo w dv h k lb wh k ly f. od k l Ud k ly.. W W h bdg odo.3 bo w v v fo whh w olv h ol o.5 w. v h o d od ho- ly fo h o od od.6 w. Slly dd od hoo o od

40 3.7. h k of o obl bo: d h g d Q Q h Q g Ω Ω Π ll h Q. Th f-od odo o h obl :.8 Π Ω d d.9 Π Ω d Q. o h odo.8 d.9 w dv h y of hog o b od by k fo h o k. d Ω d h b of od od wh h k. d Ω wh do h d k fo h fhd od by k gv low-ly hog od fo boh k. o. how h ovly ld o d gvly ld o h o k of hog. No h h odl h od g fd ooo of h hog wh h k

41 3 h k oly d h dd fo o hog by dg h b of od od wh h k. Th odo. of h f h d h k go ll b of od wll o h hog wh h k. Th k ly d dd boh h h k d h o k b dvd by gggg dvdl dd d l. Th k lb h h ly l dd boh h o k d h h k. h w h h o k ly fly l; hfo w oly d o olv h lb o k. Sflly h h-k dd M Qd M. S h h h-k ly k h fo Q N M. h o k lg odo. Q Q M N M. d Sflly bg. d. o h odo. yld.3 M N M o M M.4 N M. h bg.7 o.4 yld

42 33 M M.5 N M. Alyg h odol o o boh d of.5 d g h o h w o h d o-k :.6 M M N N M M M N. No h h d o-k d h o of h b of od o h b of k M N. I h l h d o k wll b h low wh h k ooo M. l o fo.6 h ol o of hog o b odd by h h od.7 M. M N Sbg.6 bk o.5 olv fo h o k : M.8 M N fo whh w o h -dd odol v of h o k 7 :.9 v 4. 7 Th dd of h v fo h oy of. If d o-oy h v dfd.9 wll hg ov.

43 34 Th b of hog od by k fo h o k b olvd by bg.8 o.:. N M N. Slly bg.6 o. yld. M N. I l f.. h o y k o fo. bo M N. Th od fo h o k o h b ly g h o hlf d o. Th d k ly h o od wll o l hlf of h hog wh k gv h o l h o-k. Ud k ly lo b vfd h h od dff bw llg h hog o h o k d llg o h h k d o. Sflly gv h odo.-.. M N M N Q M M N M M N. S M Q d h k lg odo.

44 35.3 d Q M M N M Q fo whh w ob.4 d Q M N Q. kg o o boh d of.4 l.5 N Q Q Q Q d d. Ud h h h k ob of * d h g d Q Q h Q g Ω Ω Π Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q

45 36 N M N M N 8 N M N N M N M N M N fo whh w o h d of.6 * 8 8 N M N M N M N N M N M N Π N M N d h v of h of.7 * Π N M N N M N M N N M N V. No h h k of ovly ld o h o M N /. I h wh M d N>>. O h oh hd wh h ffly lg b of k h k o o fo f b of hog od h k of oh o. I ddo d h h h k fly l h y h of by dg h dd fo h o k d h h k. b od k v

46 37 ll h wh o bol k vo h d ly W o o W v W. v h fd o w w d W w w hv W w d v W v. h bdg o.3 bo.8 Ω w v v fo whh w o h o v d v.9 w v. No h h o o ovly ld o h d k d gvly ld o h off of k vo d h v of h k. I oh wod f od k v k d h o d k h od dff bw h o k d h o k. Moov h o voll h o k h ll h o b offd by h k. v h o d od ho- ly fo h o od od.3

47 38 v v w fo whh.3 v. Slly dd od hoo o od.3. Ud h odo k of: v d h g d Q Q h Q g Ω Ω Π Th f-od odo o h obl :.33 Π Ω d d.34 v Π Ω d Q. o odo.33 w dv h y of hog od by k fo h o k.35 d Ω.

48 39 o odo.34 w g h b of od h h k o wh.36 v. h bg.3 o.36 yld.37 v } v v { v v v v v. To dv h k lb ly l dd h o k. Sflly h o k dd.38 M Q d d h o k ly

49 4.39 M M N Q. h h k lg odo.4 M N M M N M Q Q d. Sbg d.37 o.4 yld.4 v N M } v v { M. Movg h d o d o k o h lf d yld.4 M N M v v v } v { M.

50 4 Tkg o o boh d of.4 d lyg h o.4 bo.43 M N v v v v v v v M N v v v fo whh w o h d o k.44 v v v v v v M N

51 4 v v v v M N. Sbg.44 o.4 olv h o k.45 } v {. w o h -v v of h o k.46.3 } v v { } v { v bg } v {. h v of o k b olvd lly fo h of vl. Sflly do h v v w olv v

52 43 Th l lb o k b olvd by bg.3 d.47 o.45:.48 M N } { h h y of hog od by k fo h o k d h b of od h h k o wh b olvd. Sflly bg.48 o.35 yld.49 M N } {. } { M N Do h o of

53 44.5 } { M N. Slly bg.3.44 d.47 o.37 yld.5 v v } { M N fo whh w g h d b of od wh whh h k g o.5

54 45 } { M N. v h odo.3.49 d.5 h k ob of d h fd o: v * d h g d Q Q h Q g Ω Ω Π v Q Q Q Q } { M N

55 46 M N fo whh w o h d of.53 * Π d h v of h k of.54 * V Π..4. Mk- Co Ud h o h o l o h o k. Th w. ll h o l lvl of ly h o o.3 d h v obly o.4 b fd. Sflly

56 .3 Ω w d v v.4 g w d ˆ v ˆ { }. ˆ Ω 47 d Ud h k o howv.55 Ω d v v d.56 d v v Ω < v. Codo.55 h d h k- o od dff bw gg low-ly o wh k d llg o h o k whl odo.56 h od wold ly f odg lowly hog o odg hgh-ly hog. Th odg hgh-ly hog o v obl d h k- o. Cobg h odo.55 d.56 l h d h k- o ol fo od o od low-ly hog oly. Th ly of h o l o h dbd o.4.. ll h wh o bol k vo h d ly W o o W v W. v h k- o w d

57 48 W w hv W d v W v. No h offg h k- o h v of od v lv o h o o o.4.. Π Ω v h o h k h of: g Ω g Q h h Q Q d d Th f od odo o h obl : Π.57 d Ω Π.58 Q d Ω o odo.57 w dv h y of hog od by k fo h o k.59. o odo.58 w d h b of od wh whh h k o.6. Sl o h fd- o d k ly d h k- o h od od

58 49.6. Th o k lb b dvd by g o k dd d o k ly. Sflly h h k lg odo.6 M N M. Movg h d o k d o k o h gh d.6 bo.63 M N. Th kg o o boh d of.63 d g h o olv h d o k :.64 M N M M N. Sbg.64 bk o.63 w ob h o k.65 M N M. h -dd v of h o k.66 v.

59 5 h h b of hog od by k fo h o k b olvd by bg.65 o.59:.67 N M N. Sbg.65 o.6 yld.68 M N. Ud h h h k ob of * 3 d h g d Q Q h Q g Ω Ω Π Q Q Q N M N M N N M N N M N N M N fo whh w o

60 5 * N.69 Π 3 M N d *.7 v Π. 3 Sl o h fd- o d k ly k l ll h k h of by hg fd o of hog fo boh h o k d h o k. owv od o h fd- o d k ly k ly l of d o h y odd by g h o l o h o k..4.3 ol- Co wh Qly o h vo o w hv how h fd-o o k o oly d od o od low-ly hog. owv d fol- o wh ly k d hgh-ly hog fo o-g od. ll h w dd od ovd oly low-ly hog o h h k whl od od off h hog of ly odg o h o. Th h o w h o od g fol- o wh h wll od hgh-ly hog oly. owv fo ool o w h vg ly of hog h h k wll b h vg of hgh ly d low ly. Sflly

61 5.7. Th o fo of h k ll l fo g Q Q. Addolly w h gl od of fhd hog d fo h o k.7 Slly h k og o ll k h fo h Q Q wh < wh dfd by.73. To lfy h ly fh w h h fol- o k l fo of h k of h fhd od. Mo flly h o.74 w b v h o h k of b o h od o o d v obly o. Th b Ω Π g Ω g Q h h Q d b Q d b o

62 53.75 Ω b d v v.76 g b d ˆ v ˆ. ˆ Ω fo dvg h f-od odo h { b} h o b dvd follow. v h o fd.74 odo.75 d.76 b bdg b ohw h k lwy d h o l boh of h o bo l. v h od go v W b b fo y w hv W b d v W v. Th h odo.75 vl o.77 Ω b v v v d v o.78 b v v. Slly h odo.76 bo.79

63 54 v v v d b v d b Ω Ω o.8. v v b b Th h { b} h o b od by h odo.78 d.8. ly.8 v v v v d.8 v v v v b. Sbg.8 d.8 o.74 yld h o.83. v v v v v v w No h h ol o d h fol- o o wo : o h o k whh d b h fol- o; h oh h ly whh ovly ld o h dff bw h ld of fhd od d h d of lowly fhd od. ho gv v h o b w

64 55.84 w. Moov gv h o.84 d od ho- ly fo h o od od.85. w.86. Ag dd od hoo o od.87. Now h f-od oly odo o h obl dy o b dvd. h ol y of hog ddd fo h o k fy.88 Π Ω d fo whh.89. Sod h b of od h h k o wh fy

65 56.9 Ω d b Q fo whh w ob.9 b. v odo d.9 h o k b obd by g k dd l o k ly h o k. Th.9 M M N M M N Q Q d o ly.93. M M N Movg h d o k d h o k o h lf d.93 bo.94

66 57. M N Tkg h o oo o boh d of.94 d lyg h o w g h d o k.95 M N M N. Sbg.95 bk o.94 olv h o k.96 M N M N.

67 58 h v of h o k b od.97 } { v. Sbg.96 o.89 yld h y of hog ddd fo h o k by h k.98 M N M N. Slly bg d.96 o.9 yld h b of od wh whh h k g o.99 b

68 59. h w o h k of d h fol- o * 4 d h g d b Q Q h Q g Ω Ω Π } {. } { h d of d h fol o.

69 6. } { } { * 4 Π d v of h oo of. * 4 } { V Π } { } {. } {

70 6.4.4 Co-l Co wh Qly A o-l o o of h fd o d o ly o do. Th o y lo hv blg l wh y d o oo/oo wh k blow h o d v v. owv h blg l god h followg ly. I h o h l o h oo wh o l hgh ly d h ol o k l fo:. w b wh d h.3 h k vg fd o of hog. Th h k olv h followg obl: b Ω Π g Ω g Q h h Q d b Q d b o.4 Ω d b d v v.5 g b d ˆ v ˆ. ˆ Ω

71 6 Sl o h fol- o h o.4 d.5 b d o dv h { b} h o. Ag gv h fd. odo.4 d.5 b bdg b ohw h oo old lwy d h o l boh bo l. v h ly fo wh o bol k vo d b W fo y w hv b W d v v W. Th h odo.4 vl o.6 v v v v d b Ω o.7 v v v b. Slly h odo.5 bo.8 v v d b Ω v v d b Ω

72 63 fo whh w ob.9. v v b Th h { b} h o b olvd. v v v d. v v b. Sbg. d. o. yld h o. v v v v w v v v v. Sl o h fol- o h o-l o o b y whh o d h o d h ovly ld o h dff bw h obvd gl d h d low obl gl. No h h k vg fd o lwy lld o h o f o. Igly h b y d h o k h ly fo h d h fd- o wh k vo. v h o. d od ho- ly fo h o od od

73 64.3 v v w v v..4 v. Ag dd od hoo o od.5. Tg o h f-od odo o h obl h ol y of hog ddd fo h o k fy.6 Ω d fo whh.7. Th b of od h h k o wh fy.8 Ω d b Q fo whh

74 65.9 b. Sbg h o. o.9 yld. v. v h odo d. h o k l h. M M N Q Q d Sbg d. o. d lfyg yld. v v v M N v v. h. b w.3

75 66 v v v M N Movg h d o k d h o k o h lf d.3 bo.4 M N v v v v v Alyg h o oo o boh d of.4 d g h o h d o k od.5 M N v v v v. Sbg.5 bk o.4 olv h o k :

76 67.6 v. h -v v of h o k.7 v v fo whh w olv h v lly:.8 v. h bg.8 o.5 d.6 olv h l d o k d h o k vly. v h o k h y of hog ddd fo h o k by h oo b obd by bg.6 o.7:.9. Slly bg.4.5 d.8 o. yld h b of od wh whh h k g o.3.

77 68 h gv h o h oo ob of.3 * 5 d h g d bq h Q g Q Ω Ω Π { } { } { } fo whh w o h d of.3

78 69 * 5 } { } { Π } { } { } { } { } { } { d h v of h k of.33 * 5 } { V Π } {.

79 7.5 A Nl l d l d o h l odl fo h y of o fold h vo o l l ovdd h o h vo o o h o k. Sflly h followg vgd: of h o ly o h o k d h o b of o ly o od d k wlf d h o d of k ow of M N o h fo of h o. o ly w h h do od wh h k of h fhd od govd by ol dbo fo.34 f / < d >. o h l l h vl of { M N } dbd Tbl.. Tbl. d h l l 4 3 6%-95%..5 M.4 N v h Tbl.3 Tbl.4 d Tbl.5 how h lb d fo h l l wh N 5 vly. I

80 7 ddo lhogh h l l odd wh h k vo h g. o oly h l fo.5 d h bl. Th l fo oh vl of l o ly d o o o ho wh.5. Moov h b how h bl d vl gv ho..5. Cv Sly d So Mk S h v l lly d h bf o w o ly h o h ol o of hog d hogh o. A w dd o. vl l d hv od gv loh bw v l dlvd fo kg g d fowd o.g. l 99 Shod Jo M d kly 993 Wd Koo d Shod 996; howv o hv fod bgo l.g. A 998 Wd Koo d Shod 998. Th d l ly d o dff o h d d odl fo. Mo oly o of ho l odl h dl wh h dogy obl whh fo h l o bw v l d o k. Th ho l l obly bd. Th l h follow bd o lb odl h o fo h dogy obl. of h o h h l od o of h vo fdg.

81 7 d- o d- o d k ly Wh k ly h o k h fo.35 w Ud h o h d o k h low og ll y of o h k o. Moov boh h o l d h d o k y o. Thfo o l do o hv y l ff o h d o k. I ddo v l do o ff h v of h o k. Th by odg low-ly hog kl od lwy dff bw gg o d llg o h o k gdl of vl of. fo h k h k by dg h b of od o g o wh h h h d dd fo h o k lwy l h fo h o k. I oh wod d h o h k olly hlf of h hog fo h o k d hlf fo h o k. A l h o k lb ly o hlf of h ol ly d o. b d- o d k vo Ud h o h o fd.36 w v whh v odg o h d. g. how h boh o l d d o k d. g.3 do h o l hv ov

82 73 loh wh h d o k d h v of h o k. I ddo h loh o b d by l fo. Th ff b ld follow: A h h oo hv h v o h o o k h k-v od dff bw gg o d llg o h o k. I h o d h y ddd by h oo fo h o k d h o l b o k o ly d o g. I of o o l d d o k d h fd- o wh k vo h y ld o h o k. Coly h y ld o h o k d h y ddd fo h o k d h d o k d. Thfo how g.3 o l hogh h fd o ovly ld o h d o k.

83 d o k o l.5 v of o k d o v of o g.3 Co l v. d o k d v of o k d h fd- o wh k vo Mk- o Sl o h fd- o wh k ly o l hogh h k- o do o ff h d o k d h v of h o k. ll h d h k- o o od dff boh d o bw gg o d llg o h o k d ly f o od low-ly hog gdl of h. gv y vl of oo olly h hlf of h hog fo h o k d hlf fo h o k d o by dg h b of od o g o wh. Coly o l hogh h k- o do o ff h d k. h l o h fd- o d k ly o l do o ff h v of h o k. owv h k- o ll v of o k lv o h d h fd- o d k ly.

84 75 3 ol- o wh g.4 how h boh o l d d o k. g.5 how h o l ovly ld o h d o k d gvly ld o h v of h o k d h fol- o. o l b d o k o l d o k g.4 I of o o l d d o k d h fol- o Th ff b ld follow: wokg hogh h o o d h v obly o h h k d h o o k h o od dff bw

85 76 d o k o l d fol o v of o k d o v of o g.5 Cv l v. d o k d v of o k d h fol- o gg o d llg o h o k. D h o h y ddd by h oo fo h o k d h d h y ld o h o k. A l h y ddd fo h o k d h y ld o h o k d h d o k. h h od od o hog d o h h d o k d ddolly o od h odo o h dd od. h o of ol o ly. No lo h h d k d h fol- o g h ho d h fd- o d h k- o d o ly dff bw h o k d h h k. Moov h fol o h ll vbly of o k og ll y of o.

86 77 Aoh o oy of h o h k h o k h h h fd- o d h k- o. v h l how Tbl.3 o k ly o fo bo 4.5% o vg of ol ly. Thfo h ff of h fol- o o wh wh h b obvd ly. owv d of dg o k d kg h o voll ld vl d h l how h h d of fol- o d o k d d h vbly of o k. Th h l do h h dogy obl d y foo og hog l h hv o b k o o d ly l ol dg h loh bw og d h o k. 4 Co-l o wh Sl o h fol- o g.6 how h boh o ly d d o k. h o ly hogh h o-l o h d o k wll g.7. owv lk h fol- o o l d ol o h v of o k wll. ll h h o.4.4 h odo. l h h gvly ld o h o gv h fd Tbl.. Th h o d. Th h k h o hog fo h o k d h h y ld o h o k d. Coly h dd h o k dv h lb o k. Moov h d o k h

87 78 o l b d o k o l d o g.6 I of o o l d d o k d h o-l o d o k o l d o l o v of o k d o v of o g.7 Co l v. d o k d v of o k d h o-l o odo by h od d o od off o hog h dd od. Th h ol o of o ly wll.

88 79 Thfo o l hogh h o-l o ovly ld o h d o k. No h fo h d h d o k d o-l o h g og ll y of o. owv h v of h o k lo g h h d h fol- o d h k o. Sl o h fol- o h o k bo h d h o l o. I ddo h o k h h d h ol o og ll y of o..5. k d od Wlf d- o d- o d k ly Ud h fd- o hg h do o ff h o k d o l k d of y o. o h d k ob lvly g of h od. I ddo k l ll k h of by dg h ddd fo h o k d h o k. O h oh hd hg do o ff od d ly d o od h d ly dd od. owv hg hv dff ff o h vbly of od o. ll h o od o W w. Th o od f ll v of h o lv o dd

89 8 od. Thfo d h fd- o k l o od f o o o of h hog wh k. b d- o d k vo g.8 how h o l o oly k d of b lo h v of k of. Th doff bw k of d v od o h d k ly. k' d of o l v of k' of k' d of v of k' of g.8 Co l v. k d of d v of k of d h fd- o wh k vo O h oh hd h o od g g ooo of h hog wh k ol o ly d d boh o od d dd od ob ll d ly. o ly ovly ld o od d ly d h o od f ll ooo of og d h o. h k d h o od dg of k vo k o

90 8 l d h o od low ly lv o dd od d h o. I ddo o ly h v of od o. owv h o fd fo h d o od f lvly ll v of h o h dd od. g.9 how h of o l o boh o od d dd od of. d ly o l d fd o wh k vo v of od' o d ly of o od d ly of d od v of o od' o v of d od' o g.9 Co l v. od d of d v of od o d h fd- o wh k vo Mk- o Sl o h fd- o wh k ly hg do o ff h o of o l k of d od of d h k o. Addolly h v of boh o od d dd od o y o. Cod o h fd- o wh k ly howv o od f lg v of o lv o dd od d h k- o. h d h k-

91 8 o boh k d od ob ll of o ly lv o ho d h fd- o wh k ly; d k h ll of og ll y of o. 3 ol- o wh g. how h boh k d of d v of k of o l. O h oh hd g. how o ly ovly ld o od d ly d v of od o. Cod wh dd od o od ob g d ly b lo f g v of h o. d k' of o ly d fol o.5 v of k' of k' of v of k' of g. Co l v. k d of d v of k of d h fol- o

92 83 d ly o l d fol o v of od' o d ly of o od d ly of d od v of o od' o v of d od' o g. Co l v. od d of d v of od o d h fol- o k hgh-ly hog fo h o k k g of h h d h fd- o d h k- o d o g ofbly of hgh-ly hog. Slly lhogh od hgh odo o by ovdg hgh-ly hog o h k boh o od d dd od ob g ly fo hgh o k d hgh o. k-v od lo bf fo low v of o k. I ddo gv h ho- ly fo boh o od d dd od off o hog o h o k d h o k. 4 Co-l o wh Th fo of h o-l o vy l o h fol o. g. how h d o l k of d v of k of. I ddo h v of k of lvly

93 84 d k' of o l v of k' of k' d of v of k' of g. Co l v. k d of d v of k of d h o-l o low h k d of o l. Th o-l o off h g of o k og ll y of o. Cod o h fol o howv k g v of of. g.3 how h boh o od d dd od d l o l. owv d o l h v of dd od o whl hy d h v of o od o. I ddo o od ob g d ly d g v of o lv o dd od fo h lvl of o ly. Cod o h fol- o fo h vl of d oodg lvl of o ly o od low d ly b f ll v of o whl dd od ob g d ly b f g v of o.

94 85 d ly o l d o l o v of od' o d ly of o od d ly of d od v of o od' o v of d od' o g.3 Co l v. od d of d v of od o d h o-l o.5.3 I of Mk ow To do h ff of k ow o h fo of h fv y of o o vy N/M h o bw h b of od d h b of k gv h of. A N/M k g o k ow h h hy l h k lb o gfly. Who lo of gly f h b of k M d h b of od N 5 how Tbl.3.4 d.5. d o h l h k k ow h h followg ff: d o k A how h bl fo h vl of d h y of o h d o k hd dow N. owv h v of o k y hgd. A l k h o hog fo boh h

95 86 o k d h o k d o h low d h boh h o k d h o k d. k d od of A N k g k ow by; h o l d by k hogh boh h o k d h o k. Th fo h vl of d h y of o k ob g of N. owv h k g v of of d h o N. O h oh hd h od ll d ly d o h dd o k d h dd o of hog odd by h od. owv h od f ll v of o wll. d o h l fo h o.5. o.5.3 Tbl.6 h of o l o o k k of d od l..6 Colo d Do Th y vg h loh bw og d h o k d fo dff y of o ldg fd- o k- o fol- o d o-l o. I ddo y foo og obvbl hog l odd o h odl. Mo ly d h od hv o foo bo h ly of h hog h k bfo dlvy o lghg. o h o l-g fwok d o dv h ol odo d h k lb dvd by g k dd o k ly h o k.

96 d o h l odl dbd o.4 d h l l o.5 h o fdg d follow: 87 dff fo h l o d h y old h o l h d o k d h fol- o d d h v of o k. Thfo h l h d lkly bd d o h dogo loh bw o l d h o k. I ddo o l lo hv ov loh wh h d o k d h o-l o; whl o l hv o l ff o h d o k d h fd- o d h k- o. Sod vl d hv od h od ol bo fol- o b hy do o ovd oo. owv h y fd h h fol- o off h d hgh d of o k hgh d ly o o od d h d hgh d ly o dd od lv o oh o. oh k d od f h fol- o o h fd- o o h k- o f y foo bo hog ly k o o. Cod o h o-l o h fol- o off ll d of o k d low d ly o dd od b off g d ly o o od. I f fo of h o-l o d h fol- o l d boh b h h fd o d h k o. Thd of lv k ow of k d od ld by vyg h b of od N h k. W fd h of k

97 88 k ow by g N d h d k d od d ly b k d of. owv h lv oy of h o h gdl of h lv k ow of k d od. Cod o h d h obo of h y wofold. h y o oly vg h loh bw hog og d h hog o k l b lo ovd gl hodology fo h y of obl. Mhod g l dlg wh h obl ld vo l odl. owv dff fo o d h y bd l-g odl of oo-od bhvo wh gl lb odl of h hog k. I h gl lb fwok h y kowldg h dogo loh bw o l d h o k whh hd b god gl d. Sod h y ob o h g l by oog y foo og hog l o h lb odl. Ag h h glly b god d d o lo of odl. owv h l blhd h y do h boh h dogy obl d y foo ly l ol dg h loh bw og d h o k. I ddo h l fod h y o wh wh w obv h l wold d fy h do of fol- o h hog o. Th y l l oh o h loh bw og d h o k. owv fw glo of h odl old b d. o l d h fol- o d h o-l o h k vg ly of hog od h h of hgh ly d

98 89 low ly. Id wghd-vg ly of hog old by o od d dd od o h o k old b d. Aoh glo h h y of hog offd by h od old b dd by g h od d ly d of g h ho- ly fo. owv y of h odfo wold gfly ol h ly. Th w wll o d h h y.

99 9 Tbl.3 A l l of h odl.5 N b V Co ly d o wh k ly d o wh k vo Mk o ol o Co l o

100 Tbl.3 Co. ly o od ly d. od b o ly k of Vof k vi vi d o wh k ly d o wh k vo Mk o ol o Co l o

101 Tbl.4 A l l of h odl.5 N5 b V Co ly d o wh k ly d o wh k vo Mk o ol o Co l o

102 Tbl.4 Co. ly o od ly d. od b o ly k of Vof k vi vi d o wh k ly d o wh k vo Mk o ol o Co l o

103 Tbl.5 A l l of h odl.5 N b V Co ly d o wh k ly d o wh k vo Mk o ol o Co l o

104 Tbl.5 Co. ly o od ly d. od b o ly k of Vof k vi vi d o wh k ly d o wh k vo Mk o ol o Co l o

105 96 Tbl.6 Sy of of o l d h o d wh k ly d wh k vo Mk o ol o Co-l o No: d So k No hg d low ov d d low No hg d low ov d hgh ov d hgh V of o No hg d hgh ov d hgh No hg d low Ngv d low ov 3 d low k of No hg d d low ov d 3 d low No hg d low ov d hgh ov d hgh V of k of No hg d low ov d d low No hg d low ov d hgh ov d hgh d ly of o od No hg d 3 d low ov d low No hg d d low ov d hgh ov d d hgh V of o od o D wh b d low ov d d low No hg d d hgh ov d hgh Ngv d 3 d hgh d ly of d od No hg ov No hg d low ov d d hgh ov d hgh V of d od o No hg ov No hg d low ov d d low ov. No hg d h o l hv o ff o h vbl ld h ol hdg. ov d h o l hv ov loh wh h vbl; gv d gv loh.. Th od kg bd o h lv gd of vbl ld h ol hdg fo ll fv o o. If o od dd lv kg d. Th hdd bo fl h wo o fd kg.

106 97 f A A. Cv l k od d h o-k. A Jol of Agll oo 8 by 998: kly A.. d T.C. Shod. Th ol of Cv Sl f kg: og- I of Cv Sl. Whgo DC: U.S. D of Agl Io k d Sokyd Ado. o bd 996. h.. d.. Kkl. A gd o w kg o. Sff D of ld oo. Uvy of Mo 999. l. Ch fowd o v hdgg of fd l d h of h og o h. Jol of Agll d o oo 799: 5-7. yg M. T. Shod J. w D. y T. Vk C. Wd d W. ll. M k vl go d o lkg h bf d ok d: A oo v. Sff l h. D of oo. Iow S Uvy. do D.. Cog gl: A fo f ld. D of Ag. o.. M S Uvy. o -7. Shod T. C.. Jo J. M d A.. kly. Th of fowd og o fd l o. vw of Agll oo 5993: Wd C.. S.. Koo d T.C. Shod. Sho- Cv Sly loh wh d Cl To. Whgo DC: U.S. D of

107 98 Agl Io k d Sokyd Ado. o bd 996. Wd C.. S.. Koo d T. C. Shod. I fo v l of fd l o. Jol of Agll d o o 3998: X T. d. J. So. Th Cov Ilo of To-of-h-Mk d ld Co-g Cl. A Jol of Agll oo 86by 4: 4-38.

108 99 SSAY II STATIC AND DYNAMIC ICINCY O OOD OI CONTACTS: ATIV OMANC CONTACTS VS. IXD OMANC CONTACTS