Forest succession in the southern limits of Early Wisconsin glaciation as indicated by a pollen spectrum from Bacon's swamp, Marion county, Indiana

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1 Bl Uvy Bol S Volm 4 Bl Uvy Bol S Al 9 Fo o h oh lm o Ely Wo glo by poll pm om Bo' wmp Mo oy I Jm H. Oo Bl Uvy Follow h ol wok : hp://glommo.bl./bol Th Bl Uvy Bol S jol w pblh by h Boy Dpm o Bl Uvy Ipol I om 1929 o Th jol ogl pp pmly o pl ology xoomy mobology. Romm Co Oo Jm H. (1938) "Fo o h oh lm o Ely Wo glo by poll pm om Bo' wmp Mo oy I" Bl Uvy Bol S: Vol. 4 Al 9. Avlbl : hp://glommo.bl./bol/vol4/1/9 Th Al bogh o yo o op by Dgl Bl Uvy. I h b p o lo Bl Uvy Bol S by hoz o o Dgl Bl Uvy. Fo mo omo pl o om@bl..

2 l B p l p p l l l v I h v p l l B A p I C S w l h p B F o b w l h B l D. g h p b - T g l m p F C l g D l l M lc b h o o b D D g l k k F F D D C S l p l k b v - B o h b y h bl p w j o ls B o y v U l B h T o o m I l po I y v U l o m D y l y o m p p g o j o h T 4. bl o p p h T. l o gy b o o m y m o xo l o gy o m o y l o l y o h y l w h o. o g v h o g g m m o o v o o l y b y j o h T b o. C. y R b y o p o o y o h m o g o l o g b o m h o o b o 9. l h g h o b l l o j o h T. g x - B o y v U l h o bl p j o h o h y g h o m p og v m D y - o w y B o g 5 m 7 g l o h o o w g h v o y h. o p h. o h o o o b y m bl o y m m D y B o h T - o o y h. l - N l W l o g o l y p l o g o o zg P o E. h o J - o H T. o y S o F A m h o o - o o W x R l m P v M C. m b o A o M o h o o m m g m o h S o m. l o P J - l o gy o y b o o l h o o o v h o m w xo R l y A. m l W l y y o K y F l B W. h. gw D b R o C o y M S o m C o M b H m m b. y p S o h o T l H zg P o y P y o S o l o g o E h o P v g l B zg P o A m. o bl g l y m o o q R - o ls B o y v U l B h o m b o x l o gy o /. l w. w w o m o o m F o. b g o

3 FOREST SUCCESSION OF THE SOUTHERN LIMITS OF EARLY WISCONSIN GLACIATION AS INDI CATED BY A POLLEN SPECTRUM FROM BA CON'S SWAMP MARION COUNTY INDIANA 1 By JAMES H. Oo I h p w y h Boy Dpm o B Uvy h o xv y o I p bog. Sh y wll how mh lgh po h hoy o I vgo. Th pp poo o h g vy b l om h ohmo bog. Th m "Bo' Swmp" h og by ommo g o v o h go. Th ypl gll p bog o h kl hol yp o wmp. Aog o Pozg (15) "A wmp o h opogphy wh h w bl bov h h ol og o o hm." A bog o h oh h " o h opogphy wh h w bl o h h ol o og og (p) om." Th loo ho bog b wll b o h pp Bo' Swmp. Bo' Swmp lo bo h o Mo oy I ly wh h y lm o Ipol p vy g plologl poblm o q loo. O h oh lm o h bog o I Ely Wo p bog ovg o ppoxmly 30 ll wh 32 o p ml. Th Noh Mo o Lk Rgo b by Mlo (14) o my bog b bog Mo oy ppoxmly o h ml o h o. Tho h o om h bog o pl g. Coop (6) b h v o h bol o "o h hl o h g gl" o M Il Gll By Alk. H vgo how h o o h p oh lm o h o. Bo' Swmp bg h oh gll boy o h Wo h lo qly o how o wh h g bol o h oh lm I. Th ly o ol poll om Bo' Swmp h lo how h vo o h bol o by mo oh p whh oy 'Th pp polo o h pl lllm o h qml o lh ~ o Ml o A Bl Uvy. 93

4 I hv h ol o o bol l h ho b by F Pozg (9) (10). GEOLOGY OF MARION COUNTY Mo oy lo h o h o I ly h ph o vl g ol gl o p g. Ll v o h l gl l o h oblo o h by h mo Illo Wo h. Th o gl h gly l h opogphy o h oy. Mlo (14) blv h h Illo h v hogh Mo oy ov mh lk h l go o Cl Soh I o o h Kob. I ov h b ok Mo oy wh om pl vl h p. Th Illo gll boy wll I howg vo o h h h oh boy o Joho oy. O m o ohw o oh ow C. Mo oy ho lo h Illo gll boy. A l gl h Ely Wo h p hogh I h l h opogphy. I b h Illo gll omo wh ly o mh 50 p my pl. Mlo (14) how h oh boy o h Ely Wo gl o b lob ol g o I gl oh o om Pk oy. Th ohw o o Mo oy vy h boy how by vl hgh mo h go o Gl Vlly Moovll I. A o o L Wo h blv o hv p ov oh I oh Logpo C oy ppoxmly 60 ml oh o Bo' Swmp. Mlo (14) o Wo bg. Th wol o o h b o lk bog h p o h ommoly o h Lk Rgo. Sh xplo lo h bog oh o h bg boy mh ol h h oh I bog. Bo' Swmp ho o Ely Wo gll og. BIOTIC INFLUENCES Lo lg ply xpg y vlzo h o mh o l Bo' Swmp y. Th oml o o vgo h bog h b h gly by h bo l 94

5 . I g howv h mo o h hg hv o ly. Th ho hvg lv h vy o h bog o h p 15 y h obv my o h hg. Dogl (7) 1905 b h ypl Sphgm bog bg Sphgm hly Mhg o Wo p bog o v b. C (4) bg h vgo o Bo' Swmp o mll o lvg Sphgm l A h p oly vy mll o Sphgm l h bog h v o h Clmgo-mow g. Th pp o Sphgm o h l. whh wp h g-mow. T y go Bo' Swmp w wly kow xll o y o q lo. Th b o w hogho h y loo o hllow lk g h pg ll. My p o w b opp h lk g h pg mgoy o om m hogho h mm. Th ho ll g boo o klg h yog o ho b oh wowl. Th bog lo pov bl hb o my p o pl mphb wll q mmml h mk. Compg h oo h bog oy wh ho o h ho m go m blvbl h o my hg ol hv o. O o h ly bo l w h mp 1914 o x hogh h ml o h bog. A ob o gvl w l bov h p m h o w ompl. Howv h ollowg y h wgh o h ob omp h p h o pp. Th po g gl po h o h wmp. C (4) h h po wol pp q g o o who o kow og. Th o w bo om 1915 l bo wo y go wh h poj w w. Svl m h p wo y h o h b ompl wol ppo h wgh o k oly o k g blow h ollowg h ompo o h p. Th wgh o h.ll h o h p o o boh o h o lg mo vl hgh. Aoh mo l mp o o o h b m vl h o h oh o h oh m o h wmp. Php h g hg h opogphl vgol o h wmp h l o lowg o h w bl h p y. Th x o o h yg o omwh qobl. I p oo h wmp o h m 95

6 m wh h xpo o h po om by h k mll w hol h ohw. Th w bl g h o o o wo blow h o h m. C (4) gg h h lowg o h w bl o llg o h og l. A h oh o h bog h lo hlp o low h w bl. Sll oh o lg h p vgo h bog h po m bg o h g g. Th ho h obv l og bo h moh o Ag o h p gh o y. Mo o h blz pobbly o y og. Th pl h mow h o po og whh oy ll vgo ph v b vl h o h p. Hol o h og my b o my pl plly h ohw o wh h Clmgo-mow b vlop. Th wmp o h b plly oy q ly l o g lg. Th w oo mll o b o omml vl b w mov p o poj o lm h l. Th o h oh plly h b mg h m. PRESENT VEGETAON Th l o vlzo whh h o gly l oo o h bog y h lo po om g h vgo. Th lowg o h w bl o ov h lvly ho po h vl g h.~o 0 h hyo x h wmp h p m. Mgl wh h pl ow oollg p o mo hyophy whh loh ho m go. A my oh p bog h vgo o Bo' Swmp op h zo. Th l ow ooll by Clmgo. Mgl wh h g h w mow Dyop hlyp pb Hypm. v:gm. I h ohw l o Doo vll m om m o mo hyophy oo. C (4) o h l o o h x by h p o omwh p w h o h wmp. I 1927 h Doo l w q pom b h m hv b v by h w mow. Oh l o mo hyophy oo lmp o yllow po ll (Nymph) gowg low 96

7 pl h mow. Typh omwh o b p p o h bog wh om w m hogho h y xp g vy y o.' Lk my oh Sphgm bog Bo' o by mo. Tb o op w mo pl 15 o 20 w x om h mg o zo o Cphlh whh bo o h Clmgo-mow. A p mh o h Cphlh b h wh o h zo mo vobl oo ho m go. C (4) o mh o h Cphlh o b yg o 1927 mk bo h lg mo o woo h xv oo ym o ppo vy w lvg hh Aoh g zo o vgo op by Slx g. Pbp h hol b l h wmp o b o h mo o w low pl h o hw poo o h w mow. Th wllow op zo o o Cphlh o h mo p b om pl mgl wh. Th wmp o pop o h bog. O o h mo pom p o h Fx po whh vl pl x ly p O o h lo log h w ho o h oh o h bog. Oh o o h wmp o l A bm Ulm /lv Ny ylv Q bolo Q pl. Th pl o o h bog ypl o l I ompo o Fg g/ol A hm AI' hm Q lb Q bol mxm Ao wh h low qy l Fx p. Cy p. Loo lp/ P TO' Cl ho. Cll l hv lmo ly lm h lmx o. METHODS Fo o p mpl w oh ov po o vl y. U h o o D. J. E. Pozg l ology m h bog; h oh w ob g h w o All o h bog w m ppoxmly gh l o h ohw poo o h bog. Bog IV w m po bo 250 om h bo bo 100 oh o h po om by h kg o h ob o Fy-xh o h bog. Th w h p o h o bog. Bog I w~ m bo 150 ohw o IV. Th oh wo bog w m 97

8 gh l wh I IV. Bog III w k bo 300 ohw o I II 150 om III. Bog II w m wh 150 o h w g o h bog. Th mpl w k wh pl p bo og o hollow hmb wh movbl lv pmg h yl o' b op lo blow h by g h hl. Ml w oll h oo lvl bgg wh o oo blow h h poo o b ll o xmo w k om h o h o h g h pobl o omo. A po g~ omo h hmb w hooghly wh bw ollo o mpl. Eh mpl w pl o mll bol lbl. Upo g o h lbooy h bol w l wh p o pv yg o. Spo o h p l ppo ollow wh w mo o} h mho gg by Gl (11). I w o h h ppo o lghly mo p h h mo gg by Gl h poll o o h l. Io mll bk (25 ) w pl hpg lpll o p. To h mpl w bo 15 o 95 p lohol. Th p w h gly wh ml'-h bh l h lol h mx hooghly wh h lohol. Fo op o 1 p qo g vol w h h ml hooghly o vl m. Th p p w llow o l o g. By m o pp h pp o h pp w kmm. Svl op o ml w pl o gl l l h lohol h ly vpo. Whl h p w lghly mo op o gly jlly w h ml mx hooghly wh h jlly by m o l ml'-h bh. A ov lp w h o h l. I w o h h poll g k o vl y mog o ll l w llow o o l wo y bo xmo. Fw g w bok h poll w wll p om h p. Poll mo w omplh by ompo wh mo poll h po llo o Woho (23) S (18). Th poll qy w b o o o 200 g xp h low lvl wh w p w p om o h pp lvl wh poll g w whh 100 g w o. 98

9 OBSERVATIONS I ll o bog w m b oly wo w l o poll ly. Bog IV w ho b o ph 32 mpl hvg b ob. Bog III 22 p w b o g om bog IV. Th l o h poll ly o bog IV p gph om g 1. Th l om h wo bog w vy ml boh h o h p ob poll o v hogh h wo o mpl w ob oppo o h ohw go o h bog. Th pp v lvl bog IV w ompo o w Sphgm p. Lvl 8 hogh 15 w o vy o Cx p. Th mpl w ompo lgly o h g m hogh whh w b o y Sphgm. Blow h Cx ~po lvl 16 hogh 23 w ll wh y Sphgm p. Th boom o h ly w o ompo o om blk jlly-lk ooz. Tb low lvl om 24 hogh 32 w ml. I h 32-oo lvl h ml w mx wh o yl whh wol h ol lk boom. Th poll pm o bog IV vl my hg h o ov o h Bo' Swmp go omo o h bog. I h pm o 5.')o om bol oo yp o h bo-lv mophy lmx o o oy. Ab P ooll g poo o h low lvl. A h 32-oo lvl. 62 p o h poll p w Ab. Fom h po howv Ab l P poll o hgh q o m om ov Ab. Cool o h o by h o o l h 21-oo lvl. H Ab l ply om 40 p h 21-oo lvl o 2.5 p h 19-oo lvl v how om h pp h II-oo lvl. P oo ollow Ab oppg om 48 p h 20-oo lvl o 3 p h 16-oo lvl pp om h pm h lo-oo lvl. Amog h low qy pv o h low 20 lvl h bog w Lx P h Slx-Popl gop. Ig o hg o whl h lvl 20 o 10 w po. Wh h p l o Ab P oh g how mk. Lx whh h b p low qy om h 31-oo lvl ply h 21-oo lvl. Th o o pk o 32.5 p h 16-oo lvl. A h po h pg opp ly o 2 p h 99

10 FIGURE 2 II-oo lvl. Lx o o h 2-oo lvl b w p oly by low poll qy. Th 20-oo lvl lo mk h p o Q Slx-Popl h Bl-Al-Coyl gop. Q o 29 p h 14-oo lvl lgh op h 12-oo lvl h 35.5 p h lo-oo lvl. Slx-Popl m bo 15 p o h 16-oo lvl h. Bl-Al-Coyl lo op oy poo h pm hogh h ml lvl. P ppg h 28-oo lvl o h low q o h 14-oo lvl wh p w obv. Th pk o P 23.5 p o h 12-oo lvl. I l o 10 p bov h po b p o h. Aoh bo-lv v o h oo o w Cy. I pp h 23-oo lvl v ll ompo l h 12-oo lvl wh ly om 6 p o 27.5 p. A h po o h o o how h pp lvl 100

11 o bog IV h v ow bo-lv mophy lmx o ompg o o g pom h ml lvl o oy mpo. Q how o b o o b om g. Cy w lo p ll o h lvl b l glly om h 9-oo lvl o qy o 8 p h I-oo lvl. A m pp h 14-oo lvl ly o 22 p pk h I-oo lvl. Th pg mo g w o h A po b mll mo o poll omp wh Cy Q. Fg m h 9-oo lvl o 12 p h I-oo lvl. Th pp lvl o h bog how Q A Fg h om g whl Cy Slx-Popl Ulm P qy o oy mpo. A pvoly Lx m o h 2-oo lvl. ]gl Tl Fx Thj w p bog IV b oly g o oy mpo. Th g w om om h pm gm g 1 o mply. Tl pp vl lvl bov 20 b how o o o. Jgl m h low qy l blow h lo-oo lvl glly o 10 p h 6-oo lvl whh o bo 5 p w h p o h. Fx Thj w p by oly w poll g h pp lvl. I gl h poll pm o bog IV my b v o h po. Th low 12 lvl om 32 o 20 w ooll by Ab P wh P Lx h Slx-Popl gop p h low-qy l. Lvl 20 hogh 10 how p o Ab P Q Lx Slx-Popl h Bl gop. I h 12-oo lvl P ply o pk o 23.5 p b l ply om h po. Th pm g hg ll h pp lvl. Q m hgh qy o h Cy glly l A Fg o poo o oom wh Q. Fg 2 how pl ompv y o l ob bog II bog IV. Fo gph w o omp h g whh w mo pom h poll p o h wo bog. I plog h gph mp w m o g h 22 lvl o bog III m q wh h 32 mpl om bog IV. Amg h boom lvl o b ompbl lvl 22 o bog III w 101

12 FIGURE 1 102

13 m o opo wh lvl 32 o bog IV. Th gph how g 2 vl kg mly h pm v o h wo bog. Th mly bw bog wll ll h Ab-P gph. Th o how o hv om h pm g h m po boh bog. Boh v how ly om o h wo o o bo h m lgh o m ollow by p l qy. Smly how lo h p pp o Ab P om h pm o h bog. Aoh kg o h gph h h whl h m lohp x bw Ab P h bog h v m o m o h gm o oo-lvl o h gph. A vl o bo o p h l o h wo p. I h qy v o bog III w plo o oolvl hgh h wo bog wol how vy lo Ab-P olo. Th oh gph lo how lo lohp bw h l o bog III bog IV. Th q o Q Cy how h m lhogh h l o bog III g m o b pl oo low o h gph. Th o Cy mh mo ompl h pp lvl o bog IV h III ggg h h 1-oo lvl o h l obly ol h h I-oo lvl o bog IV. Th p o Q bgg h 20-oo lvl o bog IV how h 1S-oo lvl o III. P w p hogh boh p b h low qy l. Lx how h m p h m-o o h bog ollo~ by b g bo o o v oo-lvl p h v pg h Lx qy h wo bog. Fh v o h b bog III o h poll o h pp lvl o bog IV how h A-Fg v. A how qy o 24 p h 1-oo lvl o bog IV oly 11 p h 1-oo lvl o III. Fg p gh lvl h p bog hg 12 p h I-oo lvl w o oly wo lvl h low qy l h 22-oo bog. A h oh h gph g 2 g h v o bog III bo o o v lv'l wol l lo olo o h A-Fg l. 103

14 ACIDITY OF BORING IV A y w m o h ph vl o vy lvl o bog IV. Rg w m wh h Yo hyog-o pp. Th g w m o h o h 32 lvl o h bog h v w vg o vg ph vl h lvl. Th l gl y om pp lvl o p3 o h ml h boom o h b. Th p ll lvl w o lghly whl h ml w lkl. I g o o howv h o o h p how og y. Th I-oo lvl wh ph o 5.9 w h mo h bog. Th oh w Sphgm ly w gly o h 8-oo lvl wh ph o Cx y Sphgm p opyg h x ly om 8 o 23 w o o b lghly wh y lvl A h 24-oo lvl ml m pp h y opp o ly l (6.9). Alkly o h boom o h ml po. Th hgh lkly ph 7.3 w o h 3D-oo lvl. Ay h pp lvl o h bog my b o o by h vy o Sphgm oh mo. Th mo p y o h pl m h pp lvl wol lo y. Th mo p w h I-oo lvl wh h Sphgm mo hv b v mo ly. Th y o h ly o h Cx p blow. Nwly om p whh lvg Sphgm b h m bom p h lvl bom l. Th y vly o h o w om h og o h gll ll o obl lmo hll b om whh h lm bo my go o olo. Th bog b v mh w w ~o h pmp; h lmy m l o p ow o h low lvl o h bog. Aoh o h y h o whh b ov h o h bog polly. Th lkl h wh o h p glly p o h low ly h g h y o h po. Th l o h ph y Bo' Swmp g wh ho o oh I bog o by Pozg (16) 11 I bog lg Bo'. H o ll o h bog o b h op oly lghly bo h ml lkl h low lvl. 104

15 DISCUSSION Do o h ph o h vgo h vly o ol poll ly o o o o h b om b o q m o h bj by oh vgo. G. Em (8) Bkly (I) ob hv how h lbl my b ob by h mo o h poll o o p. Colo o l ob om poll ly o mo bog h Cl S C h y o h vly o h bh o ologl h. Lkw o o vo mho o po o poll om p h b om. Th mho v by Gl (11) by B (2) Pym (17) Smh (21) yl oy l h p y. Th poll pm ob om bog Bo' Swmp g wh h l ob by B (2) Empo bog Mo oy Pym (17) Fox P bog Hmlo oy I. Th olo o bw h bog o pl b o mly gologl h.oy. Th h bog lo blow b oh boy o h L Wo gll bg ho ol h h bog o oh I. Ay xv mgo o h o o by h p o pv poll g h p hol b v h poll p o ll h bog. A lo olo o l bw h bog h pov h vly o poll ly o o o o. Th poll h low gh lvl o h h bog vl hgh Ab P q. A vy p l o h o ollow by qy o bo-lv poll mk oh mly. Slx Ulm Q Cy Jgl h Bl pp ll h ml p lvl lhogh h q v pobbly o h lol vom o h bog. Q how ml ll bog ppg wh h Ab-P l g glly o h pp lvl. Alhogh p by oly w poll g Tg w o ll h bog. Rpo o hmlok h Bo' Swmp pm w lm o o poll g o h 12-oo lvl o bog III. P w p ll lvl o bog III b w mo pom h lvl bov. A lgh P qy o h 12-oo lvl h po whh h Tg poll g w o. Rp go o Tg poll wh w pobbly l h vl lmo o h g om h poll 105

16 pm. Hmlok pobbly loh g h po o p pom mh h m o h Mhg Wo bbol o lhogh h hypoh o b pov om h ol poll ly o Bo' Swmp. Th lm v (I howv o pov h Tg w p h o o o l I. Th b o poll h pp 12 lvl o h Fox P (17) bog pvl ompo o h poo o h pm wh Bo' Swmp. Howv h Empo bog (2) how g olo wh h pp lvl o Bo' Swmp. Q hvg glly om h m o pp h low lvl qy h pp lvl o boh bog. Cy lkw l h poo o h p. ]gl Slx Ulm h Bl gop opp o h low-qy l. A Fg pp bo h 10-oo lvl qy o h. Bo' Swmp lghly om h Empo bog h h lmx g h hgh pg h lhogh h A-Fg qy v w q ml h wo bog. A ompo o h l om h l I bog wh ho o mo bog h h o g h gl w q gl. Sm h (21) po l om h poll ly o Lk Co bog C oy whh w ml o h g Bo' Swmp. Ab P ooll g poo o h low wo lvl o ml Lk Co. Th po o Ab P om w mh ho howv h Bo' Swmp wh h o ooll h pm hogho h low 12 lvl. Th p o Ab P h low lvl o Bo' Swmp m o b h h oh bog o Ely Wo gll og o B (2) Py.m (17) ob ml l om bog Mo oy Hmlo oy. Tb po o ool mo lm whh l o m gll w vly pobl o h Ab-P o. Th po m hv o mh log g o h Ely Wo gl h g h opog po ollowg o h L Wo bg. Th o vgol v o wm po bw h wo gll v whh wol hv l vo o h o by bo-lv o ollow by o o wh h v o h L Wo bg o wh 60 ml o Bo' Swmp. Mlo (14) b h 106

17 o h Ely Wo gl y mk by mo o v. Sh v l h L Wo bg. A log po o gll v oh I l polog po o ool mo lm vobl o Ab-P ool h Bo' Swmp go. Howv h bog om by h L Wo bg how l. Evly o h bg w mo p o lg ho po o lm vobl o h Ab P o. A hgh po o P ollow h p o Ab P Lk Co: Th ph o o q om l ob l I wh P v op pom poo h poll pm. Q Cy pp Lk Co mmly ollowg P m om o h lvl. Th h o Q Cy poll h lvl o h oh bog w o o Lk Co. Th b o po o P pom mmly ollowg Ab-P h Bo' Swmp go pobbly o p wmg p o h lm wh obl mo ll p. Th lm oo vo h p o om o Q h h P Cy. A wm mo lm g h po h v by h o Slx Popl Lx h Bl. Th wm y po vog P Cy o OCC l h m p by h 12-oo lvl bog IV o Bo' Swmp. H h lm l I bom y wll wm ollowg h ool mo po P php Cy wol hv b pom h pm po o h v o h mophy bo-lv o mh h m o h Lk Co. A h xplo o b o h ly po o P pom h lk o y ol hll h Bo' Swmp go. Th l lvly low go vo Q h h P ly v o h Ab-P o. Aoh h pp lvl o Lk Co bog w h low po o A Fg poll. Smh' l q ml o ho ob by S (19) By bog who b po o P pom mmly ollowg h pp o Ab P om h pm pg h p o Q Cy. Hok (13) o Ab-P-P Q o C Lk bog Gy I. Vo (22) 107

18 lo mo P om p ollowg Ab P h ol g o oh Illo bog. Vgo xpo o lm oo. Glo (12) : "Mgo o p p po voml hg o byo g." Th v hg h o o o I gll o v by h poll pm o bog IV Bo' Swmp ho opog hg h lm oo o h go. Wh h o h Ely Wo h vgol o o h wly xpo l w. Th bol o whh w v oh by h movg gl hogh by Glo (12) o hv op " ow p bw h h h bo-lv o o h oh. Th qo o h x o g h mm vy o h mlg g o o h gl. No moop v o w o Bo' Swmp lhogh h pl ol wll hv x pp bo ml poo h I.k bg. Coop (6) o o mo g pg h Ab-P o Gl By; Alk. Glo (12) o h oh h; o h opo h g x h h o h wly xpo l om g gll o. H blv bo h ok b ow ppog bol l mophy o o hbo l. I g x; h vg Ab-P o oo gw ov o Coop (6) b h v o h oo o "o h hl o h g gl Alk." No ob ml oo x I. Ab P hv h ol ol lg om gll w b o h ol hly hv x h oo. Th p o h Ab-P o hogh h po o poo o 12 o ml p Bo' Swmp ool mo lm. Glo (12) h wh gll h ow p o oo o bo o o ov h wly xpo l. H blv lo h h ohw v o h o w mh mo p h h oh lg m xv oo o. Th p o h o v o o h gl o h lm o h j go. Php h w blowg o h h low h mp o h go oh o h gl obly v hogh h gl lm o h o mgh hv b mh lk h p. Aoh o obg vobl oo o h o o o w 108

19 h o p o y w lowg om h gl. Th wh o h v b l I v o h z o h gll m. Nmo oh m ow x o ob lo p xv oh o h gl. Th gl lowg o ol mp b o mo o h ol l o h y w po oo vobl o Ab-P o pv vo o h by bo-lv p o obl po o m. Th poll pm o bog IV gl l o Ab P q g h po p h low 12 lvl o h bog. A h m o poo o lvl g hg o h o. Ab opp ly om poll qy o 40 p h 21-oo lvl o 2.5 p h 19-oo lvl. Th p l o Ab w ollow loly by ml h P poll qy. Th o o h o w omp by h qy o bo-lv p. Q Slx ]gl Ulm h Bl: how o hv v h Ab-P o. Th hg h poll pm gg lm hg h go. Th o o v o h bo-lv o hg om ool mo oo o wm php lm. I h h ol gll w h ol w lgly pobl o oo vog Ab P h o o h gl l mp yg o o h ol wol mk h o h oo o. I h m q o poo o 12 o ml p Bo' Swmp h h ol hv ml o po obly oh o h bog. Rmovl o h h hg v o yg h gll w mgh wll hv l h lm h Bo' Swmp. Th wm omwh po w mk by p o Q. Cy glly b o h hgh q h poll pm. Bl lo m o h pm h low qy l. Q Cy pobbly v h pl oo o whl Jgl Popl Slx Ulm m o. h lowl. Lx lo how p poll qy h 20-oo lvl h g bbol oo. Lol o o h lk h omo o h Sphgm m w o ob lo pobl o h Lx. Aoh lm hg h poll q o h oo lvl o bog IV. P Cy how 109

20 whl Bl Slx Popl Lx op o h low qy l. Th b o P Cy h po h pm po o y. Th pp o Ab P h lvl h gg y wmh. Sll oh lm hg v g h omo o h pp lvl. A poll pp h pm h 14 oo lvl qy o 22 p h 1-oo lvl. Fg poll w o h 9-oo lvl o 12 p h I-oo lvl. Th oo o mophy lmx p h pp lvl o o wm mo lm. Th mo h m h how by h l o Cy poll om 27 p h 9-oo lvl o 8 p h I-oo lvl. A Fg o ob v h lowl whl Q Cy w pom h pl go. P poll m h pm o h I-oo lvl b bow o y o op h II-oo lvl. Jgl h pp lvl whl Ulm how gl l. Th mophy po mk lo by h b o Bl Al Coyl h y o Lx poll. Thj pp h pm g h po. Th Thllj q o pv howv b o h ompoo o h poll wh w (S 18). Th b o Fx poll om h pm g om o bm-iv p l o xpl. I pom oy p h mo o o I. Fx w p hy w poll g h I4-oo lvl b w o o h p bov h po. I gl h po o mo p lvl 1-10 o h bog pm mk h o mophy g. A Fg v h mo o. Q pobbly m om h pl pobly v h lowl whl Ulm Jgl Slx Popl m oy p. h lowl. Cy P h Bl< Ab P opp o o h pm. Th mgo o o how h poll ly o bog IV o lm hg. Th po hoologl o : ool mo lm om by Ab P; o wm po mk by p o h o o h qy o bo-lv p 110

21 om by Q. Th h po gg by h p o P Cy h o Lx Popl Slx pp o hv b v mo y. Ev o h po w o h poll o o h oo lvl. A l po o mo mk by h p o A Fg poll h pp lvl opog o Cy P poll q. Th lm po ml o ho b by S (20). Howv h Bo' Swmp l om S' l h b o y ool po om by P bw h Ab P o h vo o h o by bo-lv p. Th mgo o o hogh l I Plo m v-hgg voml oo. Th o wlll pobbly v mp mo oo v bom x p go. Clm hg l mgo o h vgo. To h wo o Glo (12) "Boh vg g mgo ow pog h Ml W." Compo o h poll qy v o bog III IV vl g olo bw h wo p. Th lbly o h ly o ol poll p m o mg p o o h mo h l. Ch bo o poll g o h v p m h bog wol lly l om vo h poll qy v o h wo bog. Howv og h oly mll mo o p w mo o l o xmo h h bog w m oppo o h bog h olo o l how g 2 vy kg. Th Ab-P q h oo o ml po h loo o h bog b mk mly howg vo o oly 2 p o o P poll 4 p Ab g h ml poo w bo h m m h go o boh bog. Th mll mgh wll b b o h bo o poll o h m. Fh mly how b o o P h gl l o Ab om h po h pm. Boh bog how lo p op qy o Ab P poll ollowg h po o om. Whl h l ml h wo bog g 2 how h h p o ppoxmly o o v oolvl l bog IV h III. Th qy v whh h 111

22 omp loly h low v lvl o bolh bog bm p by bo v ool-lvl po o h l o h o bog IV. Fg 2 how h Ab P poll bog IV l o l wh h pm v o bog III. Hgh qy o oo poll w o ppoxmly v lvl h p op bog III. Th po o Ab-P om o v lvl o bog III whl bog IV p h m po 12 lvl o ml p. Fhmo h olo o q h low~ v lvl o boh bog bov h 12-oo lvl o bog IV ly lo lh v o poo whh o h poo o h pm o p bog III. I g o o h h po o h p v bw lvl bog IV poo o p o bo h m boh bog. Th l howg p o o Ab P plll h po o pp o h o om h pm p by ppoxmly v oo-lvl. Evly o om o g h po o poo o o oo o ml bog III j po o h Ab-P l v o ml p w om bog IV h h po o h qy v bov h po h bog by ppoxmly v oo-lvl. Th o o h mo p poo o p ml bog IV g h po. Php whg- o po ml om oh p o h lk o b o Ch o oh ml-omg pl h p my hv b pobl. Ev o mo p poo o ppoxmly v o ml l p bog IV whl o oo w bg om bog III h how h po o h qy v o Q Cy Lx. P how h lo pg h ompo o q h wo bog l. Howv h qy v o h oh g oly bov h opog v o bog III. Th l o bog IV lo h h po o mo p p ml poo bog IV omp wh bog III p w om boh o h bog bo h m. Amg h poo o h m bog III IV h hllow go o h lk whh bog III w m wol hv ll oo h h p h go o bog IV. Poll g pv oly o v p m (Em 8). Tho h llg o h hllow lg h yg o 112

23 . TABLE I POLLEN PERCENTAGES - BACON'S SWAMP Rl o bog III gv o h pp l bog IV o h low o h Ioo-lvl xp om h 23 hogh h 32 ool-lvl h g Io h oh bog oly.. J.. ~. " = "= " ~ L.~ " ~ " >. " 'y ;; ~ ~ " <; -= C " '" E ~... ~ -::..4 0:: :: ~ K 'J ~ '" 0 ~ J U =.. '" C ~ ;;.<. '" " ~ ;- -< «; o '-- U" "- '" ~ " ::.. 0' ~ Jl II --' Z ' I 10 2 _ Z v- 5 ly I Y 1 21V ?' ~ '.J. 8V lz V - 3Y 1 y 22 - Y 3 4 V 36 zv 1V I - 2 IV Y 3Y _ IS - - I I Y Y I V 2Y 160-3V 2Y 35Y 2 I I I ' - 9 5Y I V V 7 - I IV 3Y V 3)1 )111 - ly Y Y ~ )I ) Y 5 30 I o 7 5'; 20 5Y- - 2Y ~h 7 IY - 3 2Y - ly )1 - -' Y v- 14);4 II V ~' 2~ 6~- - I Y 3-70 I Yo 27Y - I - 34 I Y loy 3Y- 0- I 6Y Y Y 12Y 230 ly - 3) Y Y V IV V - 4Y IV Y o} v- - - y JE>~- 2V )1 6V- 2 - V 29 5Y - 11 ~ ~ 15 38)1 7 52) y- 3Y 5V Y }l I )I 32) ) I Y Y Y 20 y L I I ISY. II ) loy; Y ~; I ) )1 l2y; I V 2V- 2 - L8! )~ Y 3 0 /' / IV 4Y _ )1-0 ) ) v I Y. 3Y I - - IV I I I I -" I I V 55 1) Y Y y; 39)

24 o h Sphgm m h poll pm o bog III. Th m h p ~m v log ho o h poll pm byo h o bog III. Th hypoh bo o lo h A-Fg ompo. Th g pom h pp lvl o bog IV p by mh low q bog III. Oly h 1-2-oo lvl o bog III o Fg poll whl bog IV how Fg poll gh lvl. Th g qy o Fg bog III w 4 p omp wh qy o 12 p h I-oo lvl o bog IV. A poll lhogh p oo-lvl bog III h oly 11 p qy 'h I-oo lvl whl o 14 lvl bog IV h qy o 22 p. Th ompo h h poll pm o bog III o ompl h po o A-Fg pom how h pp lvl o bog IV o bg p. I gl h ompo how g 2 ll vl g. Th lo olo o h poll qy v how h lvly v bo o poll ov h o bog. Th mly o l h wo bog h h lbly o ol poll ly mho o mg p o o. Alo h b o h pp poo o h pm o bog IV om h mo hllow bog gg h h p p o lk ppo v Sphgm m log. Tho h mo ompl poll pm hol b ob om ly o bog m h p p o bog. SUMMARY 1. Bo' Swmp q loo h oh bo o Ely Wo glo. 2. Two bog m oppo o h bog w lyz o ol poll o o h ml p po. 3. Rl how llo o o om ly pogll Ab-P ool o h p A-Fg-Q mophy lmx. 4. Ab P ooll g h po o poo o h low 12 lvl o bog IV. S. A h m o poo o h 20-oo lvl h o opp ly bo-lv g om by Q m ool o h poll pm. 114

25 6. Lvl mk po o p o Cy Q P o Ulm Slx Popl h Bl. 7. Th pp lvl o bog IV mk h pp o A Fg poll h pm qy o poo o om. Cy l ply Q how lgh. 8. Rl w ml o ho o oh bog h go. 9. Th o o gg h ollowg lm po: ool mo mo y wm wh y wm mo. 10. A ompo o h p o bog III IV how lo olo o l. Alhogh h qy v plll h low v lvl o boh bog hy w p oly by v oo-ly bov h 12-oo lvl o bog IV. 11. Th po o A-Fg pom how h pp lvl o bog IV b bog III g h h poll pm o bog III o ompl b o l llg- o h hllow p o h lk. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Appo xp o mmb o h Bl Uvy Boy Dpm o D. Ry C. F o ll gv. Th wok w o h o o D. J. E. Pozg. To hm I xp my g o hlpl ggo l g o h mp. 115

26 LITERATURE CITED l. BMKLEY F. A. Th l Lhoy o poll ly. Eology 15: B.~RNETT JV-AN. Poll y o Cby po Empo Mo oy I. Bl Vv. Bol. SL. 4: BARRETT EDW. Glo L lo o h ol o I. Thy-xh Rpo Dp. Gology Nl Ro I CAIN STANLEY A. Pl o ologl hloy o l I wmp. Bo. Gz. 86: COLLETT RYL.-IND T. Rpo o gologl opogphl vy o Mo oly I. Twlh Rpo o S Gologl COOPER W. S. A h xpo o Gl by Alk. Eology 12: L. 7. DOUGI.AS B. W. Th o p l. I A. S. Po. 15: EROTMAN G. Bol o b hoy o poll. Jo. Eology 19:158-16J. 193L. 9. FRIESNER RAY C. J. E. POTZGER. S o ology. 1. Fo o hmlok polo I. II. Th ologl o Tg CG-.w I. Bl Vv. Bo. S. 2: Clmx oo h ologl o Pm/ ob T): TSlg 1<J. h P H1l go o I. Bll Vv. Bo. Sll. 3: GUSLER FLORENCE. A w mho o po o ol poll om p. Bll Uv. BoL. SL. 3: GEAON H. A. Th vgol hoy o h ml w. A. Ao. Am. Gog. 12: HOUDEK P. K. Poll om wo I bog. I A. S. Po. 42:3-7. (1932) MALOTT C. A. Th phyogphy o I. Hbook o I gology. PL II IS. POTZGER J. E. A olbl o bog omo. Am. M. N. 15: Ay o bog. I A. S. Po. 47. (1937) PRF.TTThIAN ROBERT. Fol poll ly o Fox P bog Hmlo oy I. Bl Vv. Bol. S. 4: SEARS PAUL B. Commo ol poll o h E b. Bo. Gz. 87: Pogll lm Noh Am. Eology 13: Clm hg o o o. Jo. Fo. 31: SMlTH WD:.LIA.1'I. Poll pm o Lk Co bog C oy I. Bll Vv. Bo. S. 4: Vo J. Pll.o o o Ll Illo. Bo. Gz. 94: WOOF-HOUSE R. P. Poll g. MGw-Hll