A search for the rare decay B + K + νν
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1 A search for the rare decay B + K + νν Steven Robertson Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
2 Introduction The Standard Model flavour-changing neutral-current process νν occurs via loop and box diagrams: b s νν Theory prediction: Br( B + X s+ νν ) SM ~ 4.1 x 1-5 Potential for significant enhancements from non-sm processes October 29, 7 Steven H. Robertson Stanford Linear Accelerator Center 2
3 B X s νν Inclusive B X s νν is theoretically very clean, but is also very difficult experimentally Look instead for exclusive decay modes: ( B + K + νν ) SM ~ 4 x 1-6 ( B + K* + νν ) SM ~ 1.3 x 1 Br( B Br( B 1-5 ~2% of inclusive rate Can also look for the corresponding neutral B decay modes: B K s νν, B K* νν Best published experimental limit (CLEO): Br( ( B + K + νν ) < 2.4 x at 9% CL Plenty of room for new physics! October 29, 7 Steven H. Robertson Stanford Linear Accelerator Center 3
4 B + K + νν with BABARAR In B-factory environment, B decays are produced via e + e Y(4S) B + B at ~1.5 GeV in the CM frame Current BABARAR analysis based on 8.1 fb -1 data set (86.9 ± 1.) x 1 6 BB pairs ν ν B - Y(4S) B + Need to determine that the Kaon is not accompanied by additional (charged or neutral) particles Exclusively reconstruct hadronic B decays in order to identify tracks and clusters associated with the opposing B Κ + October 29, 7 Steven H. Robertson Stanford Linear Accelerator Center 4
5 The BABAR Detector October 29, 7 Steven H. Robertson Stanford Linear Accelerator Center 5
6 Hadronic B reconstruction Exclusively reconstruct tag- B decay modes in hadronic final states: B - D X - K - π + K - π + π K - π + π - π + Energy substituted mass: cm 2 cm m ( ) ( ) 2 ES = E mass: beam! pb Energy difference: " E = E! E B + K + νν simulation cm B cm beam X - system: : up to three charged tracks (K, π) ) and two additional π ε tag = (.131 ±.6 ±.9)% ~114k reconstructed B mesons! Data and background simulation m ES (GeV/c ) October 29, 7 Steven H. Robertson Stanford Linear Accelerator Center 6
7 Continuum backgrounds Reduce continuum backgrounds by exploiting topological differences between Y(4S) BB and continuum events f e + e - f P B ~32 MeV B e + e - B Thrust magnitude: T <.925 (reject residual ττ background) Require angle between the thrust axes defined by the reconstructed B and by everything else to satisfy: cos θ T <.8 B + K + νν simulation Data and background simulation October 29, 7 Steven H. Robertson Stanford Linear Accelerator Center 7
8 B + K + νν selection Exploit the low multiplicity of νν signal events B + K + νν Require exactly one charged track (kaon( kaon), recoiling against the reconstructed B B + K + νν simulation B + K + νν simulation Data and background simulation E extra (GeV) Number of tracks Limit also the total extra energy in the calorimeter: extra < 3 MeV E extra (Sum of all clusters with E>3MeV ) October 29, 7 Steven H. Robertson Stanford Linear Accelerator Center 8
9 Kaon identification Excellent charged kaon identification using the quartz Cerenkov detector (DIRC) pions >3σ K π separation ~4 GeV up to kaons October 29, 7 Steven H. Robertson Stanford Linear Accelerator Center 9
10 Kaon momentum B + K + νν signal kaon typically has fairly high momentum: Require P K >1.5 GeV to further reduce backgrounds Differential decay rate (arbitrary scale) Buchalla et al. (hep-ph/6136) Faessler et al. (hep-ph/25287) Phase-space Effective q 2 cut B + K + νν simulation Data and background simulation νν invariant mass (q 2 /m B2 ) Some theoretical uncertainty introduced due to modeling of decay form factors New physics also potentially has different spectrum October 29, 7 Steven H. Robertson Stanford Linear Accelerator Center 1
11 Control samples Use data control samples from several sideband regions to validate MC modeling and background estimates m ES (and large m ES ) E extra >.5 GeV E extra (GeV GeV) Blinding box N trks =2 N trks =3 Signal region Various samples test different aspects of the analysis, e.g. peaking vs combinatorial background MC modeling of E extra endpoint m ES (GeV/c 2 ) October 29, 7 Steven H. Robertson Stanford Linear Accelerator Center 11
12 Control sample yields All control sample yields are consistent with Monte Carlo simulation at the level of the available statistics Estimate combinatorial background in signal region by extrapolating m ES sideband into signal region (adds an additional 1. ±.4 background events) MC/data type B + B - B B uds cc ττ Signal region 1.7 ±.6 m ES 1.1 ± ± ± 1. Large m ES 7. ± ± ± ± 2.6 Onpeak data 2.7 ± ± ± ± ± ± 3.9 Total MC Offpeak (8.1 fb data -1 ) 1 1 Continuum.11 ±.5.4 ±.2 3. ±.5.6 ±.2.3 ±.1.5 ±.2 MC (9.58 fb ) October 29, 7 Steven H. Robertson Stanford Linear Accelerator Center 12 E extra 3.3 ±.9.6 ± ± ±1.2 N trks = ± ±.5.6 ± ±1. N trks = ± ± ± ± 1.4
13 Hadronic tag-b results Observe three events in signal region in 8.7 fb -1 of data consistent with expected background of 2.7 ±.8 events Overall selection efficiency: ε tot = (.46 = (.46 ±.5)% Branching ratio limit: B + K + νν simulation Br( B + K + νν ) < 1.5 x 1 at 9% CL BABARAR PRELIMINARY 1-5 (hep-ex/342, March 23) Data and background simulation October 29, 7 Steven H. Robertson Stanford Linear Accelerator Center 13
14 Semileptonic tag-b reconstruction search for B + K + νν Previous BABARAR search for based on a semileptonic reconstruction sample semileptonic B - D l - ν X Higher reconstruction efficiency, but fewer kinematic constraints ν ν D B - B + ν e - K + Analysis based on 5.7 fb fb -1 of BABARAR data -1 of Observed two events in signal region (treated as signal for limit determination) Br( B + K + νν ) < 9.4 ) < 9.4 x at 9% CL BABARAR PRELIMINARY (hep-ex/2769 Spring 22) E extra (GeV) October 29, 7 Steven H. Robertson Stanford Linear Accelerator Center 14
15 Results and future prospects Hadronic and semileptonic B reconstruction methods produce statistically independent samples combine the two analyses to give an improved limit: Plans: Br( B + K + νν ) < 7. x Extend existing B + analysis to include Double the effective sensitivity to analysis to include K* + νν -5 at 9% CL Factor of ~2.5 improvement on best published exclusive limit νν final state Double the effective sensitivity to B X s νν νν and Perform B K νν and B K* νν νν searches using the corresponding hadronic and semileptonic B reconstruction samples Add additional new BABARAR data Double present data set by 24 October 29, 7 Steven H. Robertson Stanford Linear Accelerator Center 15
16 Backup slides October 29, 7 Steven H. Robertson Stanford Linear Accelerator Center 16
17 USA [35/276] California Institute of Technology UC, Irvine UC, Los Angeles UC, San Diego UC, Santa Barbara UC, Santa Cruz U of Cincinnati U of Colorado Colorado State Florida A&M U of Iowa Iowa State U LBNL LLNL U of Louisville U of Maryland U of Massachusetts, Amherst MIT U of Mississippi Mount Holyoke College Northern Kentucky U U of Notre Dame ORNL/Y-12 U of Oregon U of Pennsylvania Prairie View A&M Princeton SLAC U of South Carolina Stanford U U of Tennessee U of Texas at Dallas Vanderbilt U of Wisconsin Yale The BABARAR Collaboration 9 Countries 72 Institutions 554 Physicists Canada [4/16] U of British Columbia McGill U U de Montréal U of Victoria China [1/6] Inst. of High Energy Physics, Beijing France [5/5] LAPP, Annecy LAL Orsay LPNHE des Universités Paris 6/7 Ecole Polytechnique CEA, DAPNIA, CE-Saclay Germany [3/21] U Rostock Ruhr U Bochum Technische U Dresden Italy [12/89] INFN and U Bari INFN and U Ferrara Lab. Nazionali di Frascati dell' INFN INFN and U Genova INFN and U Milano INFN and U Napoli INFN and U Padova INFN and U Pavia INFN, SNS and U Pisa INFN, Roma and U "La Sapienza" INFN and U Torino INFN and U Trieste Norway [1/3] U of Bergen Russia [1/13] Budker Institute, Novosibirsk United Kingdom [1/8] U of Birmingham U of Bristol Brunel University U of Edinburgh U of Liverpool Imperial College Queen Mary & Westfield College Royal Holloway, University of London U of Manchester Rutherford Appleton Laboratory October 29, 7 Steven H. Robertson Stanford Linear Accelerator Center 17
18 DIRC (Detector of Internally Reflecting Cherenkov) October 29, 7 Steven H. Robertson Stanford Linear Accelerator Center 18
19 MC and data samples Analysis based on Run1+2 data set (8.7 fb fb -1 Use all available generic MC (VubRemoveOrphans for <1.3.1a) -1 ) MC type B + K + νν B + B - B B uds cc ττ Onpeak data Offpeak data Equivalent lumi (fb - 1 ) 254k events October 29, 7 Steven H. Robertson Stanford Linear Accelerator Center 19
20 Systematic uncertainties Systematic uncertainty estimates derived from MC - data comparison Dominated by MC statistics and tag B reconstruction efficiency Source Generic MC statistics Tag B yield Track reconstruction E extra modeling Total σ bg/bg (%) Source Signal MC statistics Tag B yield Track reconstruction Kaon particle ID E extra modeling MC generator model Total Limit computed using modified frequentist approach (Cousins & Highland) Uncertainties modeled in toy Monte Carlo by Gaussians Limit set as value at which 1% of toy experiments yield less than observed number of signal candidates σε / ε (%) October 29, 7 Steven H. Robertson Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
21 Missing momentum Requiring low charged and neutral multiplicity enhances backgrounds from events with unreconstructed particles (i.e. outside of detector acceptance) Require the event missing momentum vector to satisfy cos θ P miss <.8 Signal-B selection efficiency ε sig =(35. ±.5 (Buchalla et al. model).5 ± 1.1)% October 29, 7 Steven H. Robertson Stanford Linear Accelerator Center 21
22 Calorimeter energy deposition Limit the amount of calorimeter activity which is not associated with the reconstructed B decay products E extra (GeV) Require no signal-side π candidates Limit also the total extra calorimeter energy: extra < 3 MeV E extra (Sum of all clusters with E>3MeV ) October 29, 7 Steven H. Robertson Stanford Linear Accelerator Center 22
23 Control samples E extra distribution in m ES sideband Dominated by continuum backgrounds Onpeak data Onpeak data Offpeak data Offpeak data E extra (GeV) E extra (GeV) E extra distribution in Ntrks=3 sideband Dominated by peaking BB background October 29, 7 Steven H. Robertson Stanford Linear Accelerator Center 23
24 Semileptonic tag sample Comparatively high statistics due to large b c l ν branching ratio ~55 events per fb fb -1 Missing neutrino reduces available kinematic constraints use kinematics of D - l combination: Κ L - D B - π + from Y(4s) ν cos" BDl = (2E B E 2 Dl p! m B p 2 B! Dl m 2 Dl ) Possibility of additional photons from D (*) D γ/ π feeding into signal channel October 29, 7 Steven H. Robertson Stanford Linear Accelerator Center 24
25 B + K + νν (semileptonic tags) Based on 5.7 fb fb -1 of BABARAR data -1 of Will be updated to full data set in the near future Signal region defined as a box in defined as a box in E extra and the reconstructed invariant mass of the tag-side D Signal region Sideband region Observe two events in signal region (treated as signal for limit determination) expected background ~2.2 Br (B + K + νν) ) < 9.4 x1-5 at 9% CL BABARAR PRELIMINARY (Spring 22) October 29, 7 Steven H. Robertson Stanford Linear Accelerator Center 25
A search for the rare decay B + K + νν
A search for the rare decay B + K + νν Steven Robertson Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Outline Motivation Hadronic B reconstruction B + K + νν selection Sideband samples and backgrounds Results and
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