Paolo Mele. Tenure-Track Lecturer Institute for Sustainable Sciences and Development Hiroshima University
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1 Paolo Mele Tenure-Track Lecturer Institute for Sustainable Sciences and Development Hiroshima University 1
2 Support by, collaboration with and discussions to: S. Saini - ISSD, Hiroshima University, Japan A. K. Jha, T. Horide, K. Matsumoto KIT Kitakyushu, Japan S. Awaji Tohoku University, Japan Y. Yoshida Nagoya University, Japan A. Ichinose CRIEPI Yokosuka, Japan R. Kita - Shizuoka University, Japan J. Gazquez, R. Guzman, T. Puig, X. Obradors ICMAB-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain M. I. Adam, UniTeN, Selangor, Malaysia 2
3 J c Critical Current Density (MA/cm 2 ) APC - Introduced YBCO film Polycrystalline YBCO tape NbTi(4.2 K) Nb Sn(4.2 K) 3 Biaxial Texturing Background Nanotechnology Epitaxial YBCO film Extensive research on nanoengineered YBCO and REBCO thin films added with nanoscale Artificial Pinning Centers (APCs) by several techniques (PLD, MOD, MOCVD ) F P J c B Magnetic Magnetic Field Field (T) (T) K. Matsumoto and P. Mele, Supercond. Sci. Technol. 23 (2010) X. Obradors, T. Puig, A. Palau, A. Pomar, F. Sandiumenge, P. Mele and K. Matsumoto Nanostructured Superconductors with Efficient Vortex Pinning in Comprehensive nanoscience and nanotechnology, AP, Vol. 3 (2011) [added with YBCO+Ba2YNbO6 and SmBCO+BHO] 3
4 Incorporation of APCs into YBCO films by PLD Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) 1D Dimensionality of APCs Nanorods // c-axis c axis 2, 4, 6, 8 wt wt% BaSnO 3 YBCO+ BaSnO 3 mixed target BaSnO 3 nanorods Large J c (F P ) but anisotropic 3D Randomly dispersed Experimental parameters l = 248 nm E = 340mJ/pulse T = C, P O2 = 200mTorr n = 5-10 Hz; pulses = substrate: SrTiO , 5.44, 9.22 A% Y 2 O 3 YBCO+Y 2 O 3 modified surface Y 2 O 3 nanoparticles Isotropic J c (F P ) but smaller 1D+3D multilayer Combinations of 4wt% BaSnO 3 and 2.5A% Y 2 O 3 Y 2 O 3 BaSnO 3 nanorods nanoparticles Isotropic and large J c (F P )???? 4
5 1D APCs into YBCO films by PLD Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) 1D Nanorods // c-axis c axis 2, 4, 6, 8 wt wt% BaSnO 3 YBCO+ BaSnO 3 mixed target BaSnO 3 nanorods Large J c (F P ) but anisotropic Experimental parameters l = 248 nm E = 340mJ/pulse T = C, P O2 = 200mTorr n = 5-10 Hz; pulses = substrate: SrTiO 3 5
6 Morphology of the BaSnO 3 nanorods inside YBCO films 2 wt% 4 wt% 6 wt% 8 wt% c axis 20 nm 20 nm 20 nm 20 nm d = 30 nm d: average spacing d = 21 nm 20 nm d = 14 nm 20 nm d = 12 nm Bf = n F 0 n = rods/m 2 F 0 = Wb P. Mele et al, Supercond. Sci. Technol. 21 (2008)
7 Critical current of BaSnO 3 -added YBCO at 77 K Modified from P. Mele et al, Supercond. Sci. Technol. 21 (2008)
8 J c 0T, 77K U o F 0 ab where Pinning by BaSnO 3 nanorods Vortex pinning energy per unit length 2 0 (F 0 /4pl ab ) 2,F 0 = Wb C l 0 U ab = l 0 (1-t 4 ) -0.5, ab = 0 (1-t) -0.5, t = T/T c 0 2 l 0 YBCO = 150 nm, 0 YBCO = 1.5 nm ab [D. Larbalestier et al., Nature 414 (2001) 368] 1 0 ln 1 2 D. R. Nelson and V. M. Vinokur PRB 48 (1993) Solution of GL equations in the case of columnar pins, when C 0 ~ ab BaSnO 3 content 2wt% 4wt% 6wt% 8wt% Amount of APCs (m -2 ) d (nm) T c (K) d C 0 (nm) U 0 (N) Calculated J c (0T, 77K) (MA/cm 2 ) 1D Measured J c (0T, 77K) (MA/cm 2 ) 1D J c calc/j c meas Eff. current blocking 16% 37% 50% 71% Reducing the separation between 1D APCs does not increase J c due to current blocking by the pinning defect structure. 4wt% is best compromise between amount of pins and current obstruction 8
9 Influence of the BaSnO 3 nanorods on global pinning force Modified figure from P. Mele et al, Supercond. Sci. Technol. 21 (2008)
10 Incorporation of APCs into YBCO films by PLD Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) Dimensionality of APCs 1D Nanorods // c-axis c axis 2, 4, 6, 8 wt wt% BaSnO 3 YBCO+ BaSnO 3 mixed target BaSnO 3 nanorods Large J c (F P ) but anisotropic 3D Randomly dispersed Experimental parameters l = 248 nm E = 340mJ/pulse T = C, P O2 = 200mTorr n = 5-10 Hz; pulses = substrate: SrTiO , 5.44, 9.22 A% Y 2 O 3 YBCO+Y 2 O 3 modified surface Y 2 O 3 nanoparticles Isotropic J c (F P ) but smaller 1D+3D multilayer Combinations of 4wt% BaSnO 3 and 2.5A% Y 2 O 3 Y 2 O 3 BaSnO 3 nanorods nanoparticles Isotropic and large J c (F P )???? 10
11 Incorporation of 3D APCs into YBCO films by PLD Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) c axis 3D Randomly dispersed Experimental parameters l = 248 nm E = 340mJ/pulse T = C, P O2 = 200mTorr n = 5-10 Hz; pulses = substrate: SrTiO , 5.44, 9.22 A% Y 2 O 3 YBCO+Y 2 O 3 modified surface Y 2 O 3 nanoparticles Isotropic J c (F P ) but smaller 11
12 Morphology of the Y 2 O 3 nanoparticles inside YBCO films Y 2 O % Y 2 O % Y 2 O % 10nm c axis P. Mele et al Superc. Sci. Technol. 20 (2007) nm 20nm P. Mele, J. Guzman, et al, accepted in Superc. Sci. Technol (2014) c axis Nanoparticles (m -2 ) Y 2 O 3 conc. (A%) 12
13 Critical current of Y 2 O 3 -added YBCO at 77 K B//c J c -B-q B//ab 77K J c (A/cm 2 ) P. Mele, J. Guzman, et al, accepted in Superc. Sci. Technol (2014) q () 13
14 0T, 77K (Strong) pinning by Y 2 O 3 nanoparticles F d Jc 0 ln p l l d 4 0 A. Gurevich Supercond. Sci. Technol. 20 (2007) S128 F 0 = Wb ab c c l ab = l 0 (1-t 4 ) -0.5, ab = 0 (1-t) -0.5, t = T/T c c = ab /5 l c = l ab G, G = 7 l 0 YBCO = 150 nm, 0 YBCO = 1.5 nm d Y 2 O 3 content 2.51A% 5.44A% 9.22A% Amount of APCs (m -2 ) T c (K) d (nm) Calculated J c (0T, 77K) (MA/cm 2 ) 3D Measured J c (0T, 77K) (MA/cm 2 ) 3D J c calc/j c meas Effective current blocking 10% 13% 32% Reducing the separation between 3D APCs does not increase J c due to current blocking by the pinning defect structure P. Mele, J. Guzman, et al, accepted in Superc. Sci. Technol (2014) 14
15 Fitting of J c -B of YBCO-Y 2 O 3 films: single-vortex dynamics 40 MA/cm 2 : depairing current for YBCO-Y 2 O 3 films J c (MA/cm 2 ) J c (A/cm 2 ) vortex core swiveling around the vicinity of B 0 T Effective pinning along the vortex core length 2.51A% 6.5% 5.44% 8.0% 9.22A% 2.2% By M. I. Adam (UniTeN) using Gurevich`s model [SuST 20 (2007) S128] 15
16 Influence of the Y 2 O 3 nanoparticles on global pinning force P. Mele, J. Guzman, et al, accepted in Superc. Sci. Technol (2014) 16
17 Scaling of F p -B for YBCO-Y 2 O 3 films b b b b b = B B = B B max b = B B B irr B c2 F P b b m 1 b n 17
18 Incorporation of APCs into YBCO films by PLD Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) 1D Dimensionality of APCs Nanorods // c-axis c axis 2, 4, 6, 8 wt wt% BaSnO 3 YBCO+ BaSnO 3 mixed target BaSnO 3 nanorods Large J c (F P ) but anisotropic 3D Randomly dispersed Experimental parameters l = 248 nm E = 340mJ/pulse T = C, P O2 = 200mTorr n = 5-10 Hz; pulses = substrate: SrTiO , 5.44, 9.22 A% Y 2 O 3 YBCO+Y 2 O 3 modified surface Y 2 O 3 nanoparticles Isotropic J c (F P ) but smaller 1D+3D multilayer Combinations of 4wt% BaSnO 3 and 2.5A% Y 2 O 3 Y 2 O 3 BaSnO 3 nanorods nanoparticles Isotropic and large J c (F P )???? 18
19 Incorporation of 1D+3D APCs into YBCO multilayers by PLD Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) c axis Experimental parameters l = 248 nm E = 340mJ/pulse T = C, P O2 = 200mTorr n = 5-10 Hz; pulses = substrate: SrTiO 3 1D+3D multilayer Combinations of 4wt% BaSnO 3 and 2.5A% Y 2 O 3 Y 2 O 3 BaSnO 3 nanorods nanoparticles Isotropic and large J c (F P )???? 19
20 Morphology of the YBCO+BaSnO 3 /YBCO+Y 2 O 3 multilayers 90/30 60/10 10/10 20 nm BSO nanorods and Y 2 O 3 nanoparticles BSO nanorods and Y 2 O 3 nanoparticles BSO nanoparticles only?!? 4wt%BaSnO 3 2.5A%Y 2 O 3 Multilayer configuration 90/30 60/10 10/10 BaSnO 3 nanorod l p (nm) Y 2 O 3 added layer l s (nm) P. Mele, K. Matsumoto, A. K. Jha, S. Saini et al, unpublished 20
21 Critical current of BaSnO 3 /Y 2 O 3 -multilayered YBCO at 77 K J c (MA/cm 2 ) B//c J c -B-q B//ab 77K I c /I c max B (T) q () P. Mele, K. Matsumoto, A. K. Jha, S. Saini et al, unpublished 21
22 1D+3D pinning by BaSnO 3 and Y 2 O 3 in multilayered YBCO F 0 = Wb l ab = l 0 (1-t 4 ) -0.5, ab = 0 (1-t) -0.5, t = T/T c l 0 YBCO = 150 nm, 0 YBCO = 1.5 nm c = ab /5 segment 77K, 0T l p J 1Dsegmented c J 1D3D c F0 16p l 2 ab J l 1Dsegmented c l J 3Dkink c Multilayer configuration 90/30 60/10 10/10 BaSnO 3 nanorod l p (nm) Y 2 O 3 added layer l s (nm) Calculated J c (0T, 77K) (MA/cm 2 ) for segmented 1D 0 ab p l p Calculated J c (0T, 77K) (MA/cm 2 ) (3D kink) s J 3Dkink c F0 16p l 0 2 ab c ab ls kink l s Calculated J c (0T, 77K) (MA/cm 2 ) (1D+3D) Measured J c (0T, 77K) (MA/cm 2 ) (1D+3D) J c calc/j c meas Effective current blocking (1D+3D) 15% 13% 33% Ad hoc analytical expression for J c is required! P. Mele, K. Matsumoto, A. K. Jha, S. Saini et al, unpublished 22
23 Influence of the BaSnO 3 /Y 2 O 3 layers on global pinning force P. Mele, K. Matsumoto, A. K. Jha, S. Saini et al, unpublished 23
![Scaling of F p -B for [YBCO+BSO 90] / [YBCO+ Y 2 O 3 30] multilayers F P b = Ab b m 1 b n 90/30 1D pinning 3D pinning 1D+3D](/docs-images/95/123254100/images/24-4.jpg "pinning b = B B b = B = B B irr B c2 B B max P. Mele, M.I. Adam et al, unpublished B* 0.9 2.2 2.4 m 1.01 1.02 1.04 n 5.5 3.5 2.")
24 Scaling of F p -B for [YBCO+BSO 90] / [YBCO+ Y 2 O 3 30] multilayers F P b = Ab b m 1 b n 90/30 1D pinning 3D pinning 1D+3D pinning b = B B b = B = B B irr B c2 B B max P. Mele, M.I. Adam et al, unpublished B* m n
![Scaling of F p -B for [YBCO+BSO 60] / [YBCO+ Y 2 O 3 10] multilayers F P b = Ab b m 1 b n 60/10 1D pinning 3D pinning 1D+3D](/docs-images/95/123254100/images/25-4.jpg "pinning b = B B b = B = B B irr B c2 B B max P. Mele, M.I. Adam et al, unpublished B* 1.4 2.3 2.4 m 1.01 1.02 1.03 n 5.5 2.8 3.")
25 Scaling of F p -B for [YBCO+BSO 60] / [YBCO+ Y 2 O 3 10] multilayers F P b = Ab b m 1 b n 60/10 1D pinning 3D pinning 1D+3D pinning b = B B b = B = B B irr B c2 B B max P. Mele, M.I. Adam et al, unpublished B* m n
![Scaling of F p -B for [YBCO+BSO 10] / [YBCO+ Y 2 O 3 10] multilayers F P b = Ab b m 1 b n 10/10 1D pinning 3D pinning 1D+3D](/docs-images/95/123254100/images/26-5.jpg "pinning b = B B b = B = B B irr B c2 B B max P. Mele, M.I. Adam et al, unpublished B* 1.6 2.0 2.6 m 1.01 1.02 1.02 n 5.2 3.3 2.")
26 Scaling of F p -B for [YBCO+BSO 10] / [YBCO+ Y 2 O 3 10] multilayers F P b = Ab b m 1 b n 10/10 1D pinning 3D pinning 1D+3D pinning b = B B b = B = B B irr B c2 B B max P. Mele, M.I. Adam et al, unpublished B* m n
27 Summary Addition of nanoscale APCs of different dimensionality in YBCO films: systematic study is proposed 1D-APCs (BaSnO 3 nanorods) Anisotropic behaviour (c-axis correlated pinning). Easy control of nanorods density and spacing. F p MAX = 28.3 GN/m 3 at 3T, 77K in 4wt% BSO-added YBCO 3D-APCs (Y 2 O 3 nanoparticles) Isotropic pinning but lower J c, F p respect to 1D-APCs and segmented nanorods. Difficult control of nanoparticles density and spacing. F p MAX = 14.3 GN/m 3 at 3T, 77K for YBCO A% Y 2 O 3 According to single vortex dynamics model, Y 2 O A% nanoparticles generate 8.0% effective pinning along the vortex core length Multilayered1D-APCs+3D-APCs Simultaneous c-axis and random pinning in YBCO+ 4wt% BaSnO 3 / YBCO+ 2.5 A% Y 2 O 3 multilayers. F p MAX = 17.6 GN/m 3 at 2.2T, 77K in 90 nm YBCO+BaSnO 3 / 30 nm YBCO+Y 2 O 3 According to scaling law, the global pinning behavior of the samples is a direct manifestation of the presence of different pinning centers in their structure Highest maximum field B* corresponds to the coexistence of 1D + 3D pinning 27
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