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1 Density Lab next class DensityisanexampleofderivedquantitytisanumbermadebycombiningtwoormoreothervaluesDensityis definedasmassdividedbyvolumeormassovervolumenotherwords: mass g!"#$%&'!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! or kg Volume ml L Cms,, nthelabexperiment,youwillfindthedensityofagivensamplethencompareyourresultwiththeacceptedvalue Reading#a#Value Step1 Whenreadingavalueoffglasswareorotherinstruments, firstfigureout what each increment is worth Forexample,inthisgraduatedcylinder,eachspacingrepresents1mL Step Readthevalueusingthe #of#the# bottom 37 tisapproximately36ml,butitisalittlebitmorehowmuchmore? mL ~ 37mL NOTE:Generally,dependingonhow visiblyapart thespacingsare, youcanestimatethelastdigitto1/10 th to1/ th orevenlessofthe f guess spacings 36 Thebottomofthemeniscuslookslikeitasexactlyhalf`waybetween ML 36mLand37mLTherefore,#the#reading#is# #ml ml T estimate QReadtheburettereading Eachspacingis mlbutthenumberincreasesgoingdownwow! Estimatedvalueis ml,butitisabitmorethan ml Thebottomofthemeniscuslookslikeslightlybelow14mL,soamgoingtoreaditas mL#Butyoumayreaditas14mL,whichisacceptableAnswersuchas1mL, y 1 14mL,1410mL,141mLareNOTacceptableAcceptablevaluesare ml, mlor ml Noticethethirdnumber3 rd significantfigureisnotreallyfixedsoitiscalledthe #digit nthisreading,wehavecertaindigits,and1uncertaindigit NOTE:nmostofyourreadings,every#digit#is#certain#except#for#the#last#one 4

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5 Name Date Class 3 MATH HANDBOOK TRANSPARENCY MASTER 1 Use with Appendix B, Scientists need to express small measurements, such as the mass of the proton at the center of a hydrogen atom kg, and large measurements, such as the temperature at the center of the Sun K To do this conveniently, they express the numerical values of small and large measurements in scientific notation, which has two parts A number in which only one digit is placed to the left of the decimal n 9 N 10 n Thus, the temperature of the Sun, 1 million kelvins, is written as K in scientific notation He large An exponent of 10 by which the number is multiplied ve small Copyright Glencoe/McGrawHill, a division of the McGrawHill Companies, nc Positive Exponents Express 1346 in scientific notation Each time the decimal place is moved one place to the left, Negative Exponents Express in scientific notation Each time the decimal place is moved one place to the right, W O & z steps Left for large # steps O between n 9 3 steps VVV move to right for small # the exponent is increased by one the exponent is decreased by one Math Handbook Transparency Masters Chemistry: Matter and Change 91

6 Name Date Class 4 MATH HANDBOOK TRANSPARENCY WORKSHEET 1 Use with Appendix B, 1 Express each of the following numbers in scientific notation a 30 b 601 c d 6 million e /10 W 3 X 10 USF ow 30 X 10 C zsf case c FF , use 3T f g h i j 1 thousandth lo Express each of the following measurements in scientific Use SSF notation a speed of light in a vacuum, m/s /4/ b number 0 10 of seconds in a day, s c mean radius of Earth, 6378 $ km 6 d density of oxygen gas at 0 C x and pressure of 101 X kpa, g/ml e radius of an argon atom, m b co Copyright Glencoe/McGrawHill, a division of the McGrawHill Companies, nc 9 Chemistry: Matter and Change Math Handbook Transparency Worksheets

7 Name Scientists very often deal with very small and very large numbers, which can lead to a Pf confusion when counting zeros! We have learned to express these numbers as powers 10 Scientific notation takes the form of M x 1 On where 1 M < 10 and 'n" represents the number of decimal places to be moved Positive n indicates the standard form is a large number Negative n indicates a number between zero and one Example 1 : Convert 1,00,000 to scientific notation We move the decimal point so that there is only one digit to its left, a total of 6 places, 1,00,000 1 x lo6 Example : Convert to scientific notation For this, we move the decimal point places to the right x 10 Note that when a number starts out less than one, the exponent is always negative Convert the following to scientific notation 3SF Use X , Convert the following to standard notation ,x x chemistry F8766 Fair, nc

8 Name Date Class 7 MATH HANDBOOK TRANSPARENCY MASTER Operations with Scientific Notation Use with Appendix B, Operations with Addition and Subtraction Before numbers in scientific notation can be added or subtracted, the exponents must be equal 10 Not equal Equal smaller bigger The decimal is moved to the left to increase the exponent s X 10 DP Multiplication When numbers in scientific notation are multiplied, only the number is multiplied The exponents are added Copyright Glencoe/McGrawHill, a division of the McGrawHill Companies, nc Division When numbers in scientific notation are divided, only the number is divided The exponents are subtracted 3SF SF 3T 3T 3 SF 't Math Handbook Transparency Masters Chemistry: Matter and Change 93

9 Name Date Class 8 MATH HANDBOOK TRANSPARENCY WORKSHEET Operations with Scientific Notation Use with Appendix B, Operations with 1 Perform the following operations and express the answers in scientific notation a t b t ZDD c d e f Perform the following operations and express the answers in scientific notation a * x b ' & / Not Sei notation c d e f / / / / t 103/ / / Copyright Glencoe/McGrawHill, a division of the McGrawHill Companies, nc 94 Chemistry: Matter and Change Math Handbook Transparency Worksheets