2: Newton s Second Law of Motion. Force, mass, acceleration, gravity, energy (potential & kinetic)
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2 2: Newton s Second Law of Motion Force, mass, acceleration, gravity, energy (potential & kinetic)
3 Day 1: Newton s Second Law of Motion Warm Up: What is Newton s First Law of Motion? LT: I can explain the difference between distance and displacement.
4 REVIEW: Newton s First Law Revise bobsled model #1 RCmRM4
5 Newton s Second Law of Motion The acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object. F = ma (Force = mass x acceleration)
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8 Baseball example - Normally, baseball is at rest. - Needs external force to move: gets thrown or is hit - The distance the ball travels depends on the amount of force that acts on it - Tball: -
9 - Baseball: attached videos in drive
10 In order to understand Newton s Second Law we need to look at many different aspects of the equation. First Focus: acceleration What is acceleration??
11 How do we determine if an object has changed position if we don t see them move? Ex: saw skier start at top and now see him at the bottom. If we didn t actually observe the motion, but inferred he moved because of the CHANGE IN POSITION Compare STARTING and ENDING positions to see exact DISTANCE of movement. Need to look at FRAME OF REFERENCE (position)
12 Frame of Reference: Position - Position: An object s location - Position symbol: - Think about a pirate s treasure map!...x marks the spot
13 Distance - Magnitude of change of position is DISTANCE - Is how far an object travels
14 Distance: Magnitude is always positive - Magnitude values are written as absolute values - Add up total distance, not direction
15 Example of distance: Ex: skier traveled 2 miles Does this tell us everything we need to know about the skier s motion? No! Don t know which WAY he traveled...could be up or down the mountain...
16 Displacement Change in the position of an object Need to know: - Magnitude of change of position - Direction Ex: Skier traveled 2 miles DOWNHILL
17 Who ran the farthest distance? 200m sprint Mile race
18 Who had the largest displacement? 200m sprint Mile race
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20 Who traveled the farthest distance? Astronaut on the moon Astronaut who traveled to the moon and then back home safely
21 Who had the largest displacement? Astronaut on the moon Astronaut who traveled to the moon and then back home safely
22 Air Trolleys! In order to better understand motion, we are going to study something moving - Show air trolley example - Begin constructing air trolleys if there is time
23 Day 2: Finish Air Trolleys & Calculating Distance & Speed Warm up: What is the difference between distance and displacement? LT: I can calculate the distance a moving object travels.
24 What is the distance traveled from A to C? 8m What is distance traveled from A to D? Either 11m or 5m What is displacement from A to D? 5m What is the displacement from A all the way around and back to A? 0m
25 Air Trolleys - Make air trolley - Test - Record results
26 Discussion: 1. What is the relationship between the number of winds on the rubber band and the distance the trolley travels? 2. How far do you think the trolley will travel with 50 winds? 33 winds? 3. How would you describe the trolley s movement to someone who wasn t here to see it? 4. How could we tell how fast the air trolley was traveling?
27 Distance Equation represents position Initial position: an object s starting point Final position: an object s ending position i f
28 Distance Equation Distance traveled: Final Position - Initial Position d= - f i = change in position Also could be written with = f - i
29 Practice Question 1 An object moves from point A to point B to point C, then back to point B and then to point C along the line shown in the figure below. a) Find the distance covered by the moving object. b) Find the magnitude and direction of the displacement of the object.
30 Solution Practice Question 1 a) distance = AB + BC + CB + BC = = 17 km b) The magnitude of the displacement is equal to the distance between the final point C and the initial point A = AC = 9 km
31 Practice Question 2 An object moves along the grid through the points A, B, C, D, E, and F as shown below. a) Find the distance covered by the moving object. b) Find the magnitude of the displacement of the object.
32 Solution Question 2 a) distance = AB + BC + CD + DE + EF = = 6.5 km b) Initial point is A and the final point is F, hence the magnitude of the displacement is equal to the distance AF which is calculated by applying Pythagora's theorem to the triangle AHF as shown in the figure below
33 Air Trolley Questions as HW
34 Day 3: Speed Warm Up: What is the distance equation? LT: I can define speed and calculate an object s speed
35 Road Races WS Complete in class Go over answers
36 Speed The rate at which something changes location - Distance per unit of time - Speed is ALWAYS positive - Directly proportional to distance and inversely proportional to time - As distance increases, the speed increases - As time increases, speed decreases
37 Calculating Speed Speed equation: Speed = distance/time interval Symbol for speed: s Symbol for time: t Symbol for distance: d Speed equation: s = d/t
38 3 conceptions of speed: Constant speed: steady rate of speed (cruise control) - Constant speed is rare, most moving objects exhibit some variation in speed Average speed: measures the distance traveled and the time it took to travel that distance. (This is mainly what we will be using) Instantaneous speed: rate of speed at a given time - Uses the same speed equation, but measures speed just at one specific moment in time
39 So we know the speed equation s=d/t What if we know the speed at which an object moves and how long it moves that speed...can we figure out how far it With a partner, construct an equation that solves for: 1. Distance 2. Time
40 Time Travel WS Work on in class Homework if you do not finish
41 Day 4: Speed Lab Warm Up: What is the distance equation? LT: I can calculate a car s speed
42 Instructions:
43 Lab Write Up Instructions - Complete ALL lab questions in complete sentences and RSQ format - Write a FULL conclusion in RAPPS format on a separate piece of paper and attach to your lab sheet R - Restate the Question A - Address hypothesis (supported or not supported) P - Provide high and low data values P - Answer research question S - Statement of conclusion
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Position-versus-Time Graphs Below is a motion diagram, made at 1 frame per minute, of a student walking to school. A motion diagram is one way to represent the student s motion. Another way is to make