Comparative Study of Trapezoïdal And Sinusoïdal Control of Electric Vehicle Power Train

Transcription

1 Comaav Suy of Tazoïal An Snuoïal Conol of Elcc Vhcl Pow Tan Souh Toun Abac Th oucon of h lcc vhcl alway bak by h wak auonom an h lva co. In h conx, h a cb a agy of omzaon of h conumon. Th agy ba on a comaav uy of h nuoïal an azoïal of a mann magn moo concv by a ymc aoach an ngang a ym of ngy cuaon n o o uc h conumon. Th ul gon ncouag h alzaon of a vhcl ooy o h valy of h aoach of concon of h ow chan xmnally. Inx Tm Elcc Vhcl, gn, Conol, Elcomagnc wch, Snuoal conol, Tazoal conol, Pow chan. INTOCTION Th lcc vhcl off h avanag of a bg ucon of h amohc an onan olluon. On h oh han, h oucon of h lcc vhcl bak agan by h oblm of nfaucu of fll of h ba, h lva co an h wak auonomy. In h conx, h uy n n h a, a h oblm of movmn of h auonomy. In, wo ag of conol of h ow chan (azoal an nuoïal) a u an coma of on of n fomanc an conomy of ngy. Th ul gon ncouag h alzaon of a vhcl ooy o h valy of h aoach of concon of h ow chan xmnally. ANAYTIC ESIGN APPOACH OF POWE CHAIN Th aoach ba on h calculaon of mnon of h lcc moo ca o h acon. Th aoach ba on h gnal hom concnng h gn of an lccal vc. Th aoach al n [], []. W n n h con h man gn quaon.. mnonnng of h moo Th lo wh of h ucu gvn by h followng quaon []: nc n () N Wh α h o bwn h wh of a man ooh an h wh of a magn, β h o bwn a magn an h ola, N h numb of man h an h o bwn h angula wh of h n ooh an a man ooh. Tabl I llua h valu of h coffcn: Tabl. Valu of h moo aam gnaon β α N Tazoal. 6 confguaon Snuoal confguaon / /. 6 Fo h confguaon wh azoal wavfom h hgh of a ooh gvn by h followng quaon []: N Im H () N f Fo h confguaon wh nuoal wavfom h hgh of a ooh gvn by h followng quaon []: Im H N N () f Wh f h fllng faco of h lo, δ h allowabl cun ny n h lo an I m h cun z of co conuco. Th mho of calculaon of h mnonaly cun al n []. Th hgh of magn fo h wo ucu gvn by h followng nc nc Souh Toun, nvé fax, Ecol Naonal Ingénu Sfax (ENIS), aboao Elconqu Tchnolog l Infomaon (ETI), BP W 8 Sfax TNISIE ouh.oun@c.nu.n B Ha () Sa B B S a fu Wh fu h coffcn of flux lo. To avo magnzaon of h magn, h ha lcc cun 99

2 mu b l han h magnzaon lcc cun I [5]: B Bc I Ha Bc fu (5) N Wh B c h nucon of magnzaon, B h mann nucon of magn an h mably of a. Th hgh of h oo yok an h ao yok a v by alyng h hom of convaon of flux bwn a magn an h oo yok, an bwn h man ooh an h ao yok [5]: H c B B c Mn S,Sa fu (6) B Mn S,Sa Hc (7) Bc Wh B c an a B c cvly h nucon n h oo yok an h ao yok, S an S a a cvly h con of a ooh an ha of a magn an fu h flux lakag coffcn. Conol aam Th moo conan fn by : n N A B B (8) g Fo h axal flux ucu A an B a gvn by: A B (9) () Wh an a cvly h xnal an h nnal am of h axal flux moo, N h numb of ha, n h moul numb an B g h flux ny n h a-ga. Th conv connuou volag c calcula o ha h vhcl can funcon a a mum an ablz wh a wak oqu unulaon. Th lcomagnc oqu ha h moo mu x a h oaon on, va h mchancal ow anmon ym T c (ucng + ffnal) ma by h followng xon [6]: Pf T Ta Tc T c T Tb Tvb Tf () h oqu u o h clmbng anc, T h uc lo oqu an P f a h on lo an Ω h moo angula. A h oaon on, h ha cun gvn by h followng Tc I () Th only obly makng obl o ach h cun valu I wh a uc unulaon faco (% fo xaml) o choo h conv connuou volag oluon of h followng quaon [6]: m % () Wh h ha cun manan m a vhcl mum an m h boang m of h ha cun fom zo o I [6]: I m ln () c Wh an a cvly h ha anc an nucanc an h mum angula vlocy of h moo. Th ha cun manan m a mum of vhcl (coon o lcc g) gvn by h followng fomula [6]: (5) Th conv connuou volag ak h followng fom: I (6) c x Th conv connuou volag nca by ncang of h vhcl whch vala h fac of calculang valu a mum. Two moan faco nvolvng h nca of h conv connuou volag: - Th nca of h moo lcc conan. - Th ucon of h unulaon faco. Conqunly, a comom bwn h ucon of h conv connuou volag cly la o h ac v fo h bay an h ucon of unulaon faco o b foun. Th conv connuou volag fo nuoal conol x a follow []: Wh T b h ubbng oqu of h moo, T vb h vcou ubbng oqu of h moo, T f h flu ubbng oqu of h moo, T h oqu u o h fcon ollng anc, T a h oqu u o h aoynamc foc, T c c I E h I (7)

3 E h h mal valu of h lcomov foc o mal []: E h (8) Th non of a ga amlf wh ao am o nabl h vhcl o ach h mum of 8 km / h n ou alcaon. Th ao alo hl nu o nolaon of fnc volag n o o hav a goo qualy of lcomagnc oqu. F (9) n V n qt A T. Sac conv Th ucu of h ac conv o wo lco-magn llua by h followng fac [7]: Col Yok ay of co Mobl m S Wh n T h fnc volag nolaon coffcn an V h mum of h vhcl. Th lakag flux hough h co go hough abou half of h co ufac, whch h occunc of h coffcn n h calculaon of h lakag flux lucanc n h co. W can uc h valu of h oal nucanc fom h followng quaon: S H a nc H N () Wh S h aa of h man ooh, H h hgh of h lo, H a h hgh of h magn, nc h wh of h lo an h hckn of h a-ga Th ncl of h calculaon of h muual nucanc ba on h uly of a col fo h calculaon of h flux n by h ajacn col. Th flux ah mn h oal lucanc of h magnc ccu molng h muual nucanc. N Ha M () A ncm wh h avag wh of h lo, A nm h avag wh of h man ooh, A nm h avag wh of h ooh no, H c h hgh of h oo yok, H c h hgh of h ao yok, μ h abolu mably, μ h lav mably of h magn. Fg. : Conv ucu Th ucu como of wo conac mchancal S an S, on clo o an h oh on, o avo h oblm of ho ccu. Th foo of h col by a uffcn cun, ag h aacon of h m by hnomnon of nucon, an haf h chang of a of h S wch an S. Th c-xcaon of h col v o h annulmn of h ngh of aacon of h m, allowng h wch o ak h nal a. FINITE EEMENT VAIATION OF THE ANAYTIC ESIGN APPOACH. Fn lmn mol Th moo u on a cylncal cu lan. Th lan of cu mak lf accong o h ml am of h moo (Fg.), hn w a h ucu, ha man h lngh of h cu c h m of h ccl accong o h on cu an h nx on h ml am. Th quany woh: c () Th wh of a man ooh gvn by h followng Anm () Wh Anm h ml angl of onng of a man ooh. Th wh of a n ooh gvn by h followng S A nm () Wh A nm h ml angl of onng of a n ooh. Th lo wh gvn by h followng

4 nc n N (5) Th wh of a magn x by h followng (6) Th lngh of h mol x lk follow: m (7) Ml conou Fg.5 : bon of h flux ln of nu moo Th buon of h fl ln how h abnc of h lakag of n-magn, wha la o con ha h coffcn of flux lakag qual o (fu=). Th oy foun by omzaon of h gomc aam (, β α) by fn lmn mulaon.. Smulaon ul Th flux a loa fo h moo wh azoïal wav-fom llua by h followng fgu [8] : Flux (Wb) Flux a loa oo,,8,6,,, -, 6 8 -, -,6 -,8 -, Angl ( ) Flux Flux Flux Fg. : Conou of h cylncal cu Whn w a h cylncal cu lan, w g h mol of h moo (Fgu ). Fg.6 : Flux a loa fo h moo wh azoïal wavfom Th flux a loa fo h moo wh nuoïal wav-fom llua by h followng fgu [8] : Flux (Wb) Flux a loa Fg. : mol of h moo. buon of h flux ln Th flux ln a loa fo h az moo an h nu moo a llua cvly by fg. an fg.5 [8]:,8,6,, Flux, Flux -, 6 8 Flux -, -,6 -,8 Angl ( ) Fg.7 : Flux a loa fo h moo wh nuoïal wav-fom Th lcomov foc (Emf) a loa fo h moo wh Tazoïal wav-fom llua by h followng fgu [8]: Fg. : bon of h flux ln of az moo

5 Emf (V) Emf a loa Th valu of flux, Emf an oqu achv h h foun by analyc calculaon, wha vala h gn aoach. 7, 5,,, -, 6 8 -, -5, -7, Angl ( ) Emf Emf Emf. Molng of h nucanc Th nucanc valu uually low fo h y of machn bcau h flux ca by h col mu co h a-ga an h magn hckn. In o o comu h nucanc, h moo ul by ak cun an h magn a lac by a [6]. Th flux ln buon aoun on ao ol a llua by followng fgu: Fg.8 : Emf a loa fo h moo wh azoïal wavfom Th lcomov foc a loa fo h moo wh nuoïal wav-fom llua by h followng fgu [8]: Emf (V) 7 5 Emf a loa Angl ( ) Emf Emf Emf Fg.9 : Emf a loa fo h moo wh nuoïal wav-fom Th lcomagnc oqu calcula fom Emf a no loa an h Emf a loa fo h moo wh azoïal wavfom llua by h followng fgu [8] : Fg.. Flux ln buon aoun on ao ol Th moo a-ga lavly lag oucng hn moan flux lakag n lo. Fo a lna ym, h nucanc valu of a ha conu by wo col may b oban fom: - Th ngy calculaon: B m H (8) I aa -Th flux calculaon : N I lo A (9) Tm (N.m) Toqu a no loa an a loa Angl ( ) Fg. : Elcomagnc oqu Tm a no loa Tm a loa Th lcomagnc oqu calcula fom Emf a no loa an h Emf a loa fo h moo wh nuoïal wav-fom llua by h followng fgu [8]: Wh B m h flux ny, H h magnc fl, lo h lo aa an A cala onal. Th fn lmn analy val h analyc mol of nucanc. POWE CHAIN GOBA MOE. Conv mol Th conv mol on h comaon of h h fnc volag (azoal o nuoal) o a angula gnal of fquncy vy uo o h volag. Th x of h h comaao aack h hy o ouc h al ha of volag lv by h conv. Th conv mol mlan un h nvonmn of Malab/Smulnk accong o h followng fgu [7] : Tm (N.m) Toqu a no loa an a loa Angl ( ) Tm a no loa Tm a loa Fg. : Elcomagnc oqu

6 lay 5 Ea.+ Tanf Fcn u[]*u[]+u[]*u[]+u[5]*u[6] Tm Fcn 6 ang Squnc lay (*u[]-u[]-u[])/ Fcn (*u[]-u[]-u[])/ Fcn V V 7 Ea 8 9 Ea.+ Tanf Fcn.+ Tanf Fcn E E E a a ang Squnc ang Squnc lay Fg. : Smulnk mol of h conv (*u[]-u[]-u[])/. Moo mol Th ha volag quaon of h moo wh ha of wav nuoïal a x lk follow: Fcn V Fg. : Smulnk mol of h moo a. Cun gulao Th cun gulao m o gna h foo volag whl comang h cun wh amlu fnc conol by h gulao of o h cun lv by h moo. Th mol of h gulao of h cun mlan un h nvonmn of Malab/Smulnk llua by h followng fac: Iaf 5 k 5 Tanf Fcn af u u co.. co () () ha Fcn Fcn Fcn6 Pouc a Pouc a Pouc5 a 5 -- Gan 5 Tanf Fcn -- Gan 5 Tanf Fcn -- Gan bf cf u co. () M () Th lcomagnc oqu x by h followng T m co co co () Th volag an oqu quaon o ha of azoal wav a gvn n [7]. Th mol of h moo mlan un h nvonmn of Malab/Smulnk accong o h followng fac: Fg.5 : Smulnk mol of h cun gulao. Engy cuaon ym Th ym of ngy cuaon funcon a h m of claon coonng o a covabl ngy. Th ha of wokng coon o a claon uo o a lm ψ omz by val mulaon, n o o ach a mal cov ngy. In h ha of wokng, h h col of h moo a connc o a cf o conv h h lcomov foc o a connuou volag fl by a caacy of ong valu. Th volag a by a floo of amlfcaon (C-C conv of amlfcaon o alo omz followng val mulaon). Fnally, h amlf connuou volag aack h accumulao of ngy unl h annulmn of h cun (Th accumulao of ngy n ha of fll: wokng n gnang). Whn h cun annul lf, h col of h moo connc o h conv (wokng n moo). Th loa volag of h ngy accumulao fo a moo o nuoïal conol x by h followng (5)

7 Th quany fo h moo o azoal conol x by h followng (6) Wh α h cyclc o of h conol volag of h C- C lvao conv IGBT ano. To Th ha of wokng, Th oqu on h moo Tm fo h moo o nuoal conol x a follow: T m ba ba an fo h moo o azoal conol: T m ba ba (7) (8) Wh ba an ba a cvly h ml volag an h anc of h ngy accumulao. Ou h égm of wokng, h moo oqu fo an nuoïal o : T m co co co Pouc Tanf Fcn7 Wcon To Wokac9 -- (9) Gan5 Fo h azoal o, h oqu gvn n [9]. Fcn. Global mol wh ngy cuaon ym Th coulng of h ffn mol of h lcc vhcl ow chan la o h global mol mlan un h nvonmn of Malab/Smulnk (7. von) accong o h Fgu 6: Vf Clock To Wokac To Wokac7 V E E Tm Vf E V If V a V(m/h) V Ea Tm S gulao Iaf cf V Conv mol Ea a Wm /.6*/ou Gan Tanf Fcn ha a bf a Ea Moo mol Tanf Fcn ynamc quaon a E a af hamué E fnc cun gnao an cun gulao E Ea wm Ea Ea Calculang of lcomoov foc Pouc Tanf Fcn5 -- Wcon To Wokac8 Gan Gan Fcn vav Pouc -- u/ Conan Conan6 Wm Bay cun AC-C conv v olag C-C conv v olag oa v olag In Wm Cmg AC-C conv C-C conv bay mol Swch Swch5 Conan Swch Conan Sym of ngy cuaon Fg.6 : Global mol wh ngy cuaon ym 5 SIMATIONS ESTS Th on of o h of fnc n h wo ca llua by h followng fac: Th fac how h goo ynamc chaacc an val haf h aoach of gn of h wo ow chan. Th cun of ha n h wo ca llua by h fac followng: Fg.7 : S on Fg.8 : Pha cun 5

8 Th fac how ha h cun a comaabl, wha ov h ng n quvalnc of h wo ucu of ow chan. Th fac alo how ha h cun of ang wak fo h wo ucu wha how h fomanc of h wo chon conol chnqu. Th followng fac llua h voluon of h cun of ha fo h wo chan of ow : Th fac how ha h ng conum n h wo ca a comaabl. Th followng fac llua h voluon of h ng cov n h wo ca of confguaon: Fg. : cov ngy Fg.9 : Wav-fom of h ha cun Fo h az conol, h ac of h cun vy clo o a azoal ha. Fo h nu conol, h ac of h cun clo o a nuoïal ha. Th how h fomanc of h wo chnqu of conol chon. Th followng fac llua h on of o a nomalz bow n h wo ca of confguaon. Fg. : on Th fac alo how h fomanc of h wo chnqu of conol chon. Th voluon of h ngy conum n h wo ca a llua by h followng fac: Th fac how ha h ngy cov n h ca nu ncly wak han h on n Th ca az. Th ngy of valu cv W=.76 kw.h an W=.75 kw.h. 6 CONCSION In h a, w n a comaav uy bwn a ow chan o azoal conol an anoh o nuoïalonol. Th gn aoach of h wo chan of ow n bfly. A valaon uy h gn aoach h fn lmn mho alo n. Th uy of h wo ow chan fomanc, followng a mollng un h nvonmn of Malab/Smulnk, wach ha h wo chan ow comaabl an n an aacv oluon fo h oblm of moozaon of h lcc vhcl. EFEENCE []. NEJI, S. TONSI F. SEAMI: Conbuon o h fnon of a mann magn moo wh uc oucon co fo h lccal vhcl oulon, Euoan Tanacon on Elccal Pow (ETEP), 6, 6: [] S. TONSI,. NEJI F. SEAMI: Concon un aconnu à aman mann ou véhcul élcqu vu Innaonal Gén Elcqu (IGE), Volum 9 n 6/6, []. NEJI, S. TONSI, F. SEAMI: Omzaon an gn fo a aal Flux Pmann Magn Moo fo Elcc Vhcl, Jounal of Elccal Sym, Volum, uu (5), [] S. TONSI,. NEJI, an F. SEAMI: gn Mhoology of Pmann Magn Moo Imovng Pfomanc of Elcc Vhcl, Innaonal Jounal of Mollng an Smulaon (IJMS), Volum 9, N, 9. Fg. : Conum ngy [5] S. Toun,. Nj F. Sllam: gn of a aal flux mann magn moo fo lcc vhcl, 6

9 h Euoan Confnc on Pow lconc an Alcaon (EPE ), - Smb, Toulou, Fanc. [6] S. TONSI. NEJI: gn of an Axal Flux Buhl C Moo wh Concna Wnng fo Elcc Vhcl, Jounal of Elccal Engnng (JEE), Volum, - Eon:,. -6. [7] M. HAJ ACEM, S. TONSI an afk NEJI: Symc gn an conol of Elcc Vhcl Pow Chan, IJST jounal Novmb on. [8] N. Mlloul, S. Toun. Nj: Mollng by h fn lmn mho of a col oo ynchonou moo quvaln o a mann magn axal flux moo, n Innaonal Confnc on Elccal Sym gn & Tchnolog (ICEET 7), -6 Novmb 7, Hammam, TNISIA. [9] S. TONSI «Conol of h Elcc Vhcl Pow Chan wh Elcomagnc Swch ucng h Engy Conumon», Jounal of Elcomagnc Analy an Alcaon, Volum N, cmb. 7