Lewis G. Larsen President and CEO, Founder. Prof. Allan Widom Consultant and Member of Lattice Energy LLC Northeastern University, Dept.

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1 Lattic Enrgy LLC Commrcializing LENRs: A Grn Nt Gnration Enrgy Sourc For Dns, Long Livd Portabl Powr Lwis G. Larsn Prsidnt and CEO, Foundr Prof. Allan Widom Consultant and Mmbr of Lattic Enrgy LLC Northastrn Univrsity, Dpt. of Physics DTRA/ASCO High Enrgy S&T Workshop Dcmbr 1, 006

2 Low Enrgy Nuclar Ractions in Condnsd Mattr Systms L. Larsn A. Widom

3 Low Enrgy Nuclar Ractions Controvrsial Rsarch I Eprimntal rsults don t fit wll with prsntly accptd knowldg of nuclar physics, particularly fusion ractions. According to accptd nuclar thory, many LENR rsarchrs should hav bn killd by lthal flus of nutrons or hard radiation. Many rsarchrs working in fild continu to insist that LENR s ar som form of cold fusion. Rproducibility of many aspcts of LENR s is poor, spcially rgarding css hat. Critics hav argud that LENR s ar junk scinc. Yt W Liv Fact: Thr is a larg rsidu of primntal data on LENR s that is quit solid and cannot b plaind away simply as primntal rror. 3

4 Low Enrgy Nuclar Ractions Controvrsial Rsarch II Fact: Although th quality of primntal work varis gratly, a significant body of primntal obsrvations ar wll don. Fact: To dat, no LENR rsarchrs hav bn killd by radiation. Problm: Standard Modl nuclar thory was not applid to plain th rsults. Solution: Dvlop a thory of LENR s which plain th data without invoking nw physics byond th Standard Modl. You want proof! I ll giv you proof! 4

5 Widom-Larsn Thory I Eplains a broad rang of primntal data in H- and D-basd systms. Answrs why thr ar not nrgtic nutrons typically producd. Answrs why thr ar not significant amounts of hard radiation. Answrs why thr ar not Coulomb barrirs to th rquird ractions. Eplains production of hlium isotops obsrvd in crtain primnts. Eplains production of css hat obsrvd in crtain primnts. Eplains compl product spctra sn in transmutation primnts. Enabls calculations of raction rats in agrmnt with primnts. Crats a road map that solvs prvious rproducibility problms. Prdicts nw LENR phnomna and also plains anomalous data and phnomna in othr filds of wak intraction nuclar physics. 5

6 Widom-Larsn Thory II LENR s primarily involv th wak intractions cration of nutrons, nutrinos and bta dcays. LENR s ar not cold fusion or othr forms of pur strong intractions. Eplains LENR s in trms of th accptd high nrgy Standard Modl. Etnds isting lctrowak modl to includ condnsd mattr collctiv ffcts. Dos not mploy any microscopic nw physics. Dos not involv pntration of a Coulomb barrir. Nutrons hav no charg. Elctrons and protons attract. Only lik chargs dflct from a Coulomb barrir. 6

7 Widom-Larsn Thory III Dos not violat any consrvation laws. It Is unusually multidisciplinary it incorporats accptd concpts from a numbr of diffrnt aras of physics, including collctiv many-body ffcts. 7

8 Widom-Larsn Thory IV 1. Many-body patchs of collctivly oscillating protons or dutrons form on mtallic hydrid surfacs loadd with hydrogn isotops.. Thn, th Born-Oppnhimr approimation braks down in th local rgion abov th patchs; collctiv oscillations of th protons or dutrons start to coupl loosly to th collctiv oscillations of narby Surfac Plasmon Polariton lctrons SPPs commonly found on surfacs of mtals. 8

9 Widom-Larsn Thory V 3. Coupling btwn SPP s and th patchs of protons or dutrons incrass th local lctric fild to valus > volts/mtr roughly th sam magnitud as Coulomb filds sn by innr lctrons in atomic nucli. 4. Intns local radiation fild raiss ffctiv mass of SPP lctrons so that thy can ract spontanously with narby protons or dutrons to crat nutrons. 5. Nutrons cratd collctivly hav hug quantum mchanical wavlngths microns and ar almost always absorbd locally by narby nucli. 9

10 Widom-Larsn Thory VI Havy-mass SPP lctrons in condnsd mattr systms hav th uniqu ability to dirctly absorb a gamma photon and rradiat it as a collction of much lowr-nrgy infrard and soft X-ray photons consrvation of nrgy applis. Thus, whn pctd prompt hard gamma photons ar mittd as a rsult of nutron absorption by local nucli or bta dcays, gammas ar intrcptd by havy SPP lctrons and rradiatd as much softr lctromagntic nrgy. As a rsult, LENR systms hav built-in gamma shilds that prclud trnal mission of hard radiation in th form of MV gamma- and X- rays. Sinc thr is intrnal absorption of gammas, no significant shilding is rquird for conducting saf laboratory primnts with LENR systms. 10

11 Widom-Larsn Thory VII Bginning in May 005, four paprs hav appard on th non-propritary aspcts of th Widom-Larsn thory. 1. Ultra Low Momntum Nutron Catalyzd Nuclar Ractions on Mtallic Hydrid Surfacs, Eur. Phys. J. C 46, Absorption of Nuclar Gamma Radiation by Havy Elctrons on Mtallic Hydrid Surfacs, cond-mat/ Nuclar Abundancs in Mtallic Hydrid Elctrods of Elctrolytic Chmical Clls, condmat/ Thortical Standard Modl Rats of Proton to Nutron Convrsions Nar Mtallic Hydrid Surfacs, nucl-th/ Futur paprs with nw collaborators ar in prparation. 11

12 Low Enrgy Nuclar Ractions Th Standard Modl Enrgy Sourcs Wak Intractions Chmical Clls Nuclar Transmutations and Abundancs Eploding Wirs Total Rats Conclusions 1

13 Th Standard Modl Wak Intraction Dcay of th Nutron n p ν 13

14 Enrgy Sourcs I Burning Hydrogn in th Sun via Wak Intractions. Th Sd Raction is p p d ν Optical Pictur and Thortical Modl of th Sun 14

15 Enrgy Sourcs II Simultanously Takn Picturs of th Sun Outsid X-ray Tmpraturs in th Solar Corona ar from Nuclar Ractions of Unknown Origin Optical Pictur X-ray Pictur Our Suggstd Sd Corona Wak Intraction is th Following: collctiv radiation nrgy p n ν 15

16 Wak Intraction Enrgy Sourc A. Widom and L. Larsn, Eur.Phys.J.C 46, collctivradiation nrgy mass rnormalizd lctron ~ p n ν nt nutron producing raction collctivradiation nrgy p n ν ~ If thr is a larg nough nutron flu, thn nuclar transmutations yild chmical abundancs. ~ p p d ν Possibl Sd Raction 16

17 17 Wak Intraction Enrgy Sourc d p ν d p n n p ν p ν α 4 Nuclar Nt Raction for Burning in th Sun Coulomb Barrir Intrmdiat Raction Intrmdiat Ractions without th Coulomb Barrir Thr is always a nutrino flu with wak intractions. t n t d n d p n n p ν α ν

18 18 Chmical Clls I LLLLLL A Z A Z A Z A Z n n p ν ν 1 1, 1, 1,, ~ ~ radiation

19 Chmical Clls II Rsonancs in σa G. Mily t al. s Eprimntal Abundancs 19

20 Chmical Clls III Nuclar Transmutations in Chmical Clls with Light Watr and Nickl Elctrods Abundancs takn from th primnts of G. Mily t al. 0

21 Nuclar Abundancs I C. Snddon & J.J. Cown Gnsis of th Havist Elmnts in th Milky Way Galay Scinc, 99, Th paks in th solar systm abundanc distribution around A=88, 138, 08 ar formd in th s-procss, whras th broadr companion paks shiftd to slightly lowr mass numbr ar r-procss paks. 1

22 Nuclar Abundancs II Maima around A=88, 138, 08 ar formd in th s-procss.

23 Eploding Wirs I Publishd In Scinc Spctroscopic Dtction of α-particls, i.. Hlium atoms 3

24 Eploding Wirs II Ruthrford has a big voltag but small currnt. On poor lctron arrivs at a tim. Ruthrford ss nothing.. Wndt and Irion hav a small voltag but big currnt. Many lctrons arriv at it collctivly. Wndt and Irion s transmutations. 4

25 Eploding Wirs III From A Study of Eploding Wirs by Bn Robrt Turnr. Ph. D. Thsis, California Institut of Tchnology 196 Powr input positiv for tims 0 < t < 6 μsc. Powr output positiv for tims 6 μsc. < t < 10 μsc. For transmutations in ploding wirs also s Invstigation of Arcing in Elctrical Fuss by Robrt Ernst Brown. Ph.D. Thsis, School of Enginring, Shffild Hallum Univrsity. 5

26 Eploding Wirs IV Whn many lctrons arriv at a proton, only on lctron may pirc into th proton s insid. That lctron dis. All of th othr lctrons hav but donatd a littl nrgy. Th plasma mods ar collctiv and in synchronization. It is not hard to throw a basball at a targt with an nrgy of 10 3 lctron volts, but as did not Ruthrford on will not s transmutations. Th lctrical currnts must b collctiv and th lctrons must transfr nrgy cohrntly and all togthr. 6

27 Gnral Thortical Formulation I From consrvation law argumnts, for vry nw nutron cratd by dstroying an lctron and a proton thr will b nutrino cratd. On thrby counts nw nutrons by counting nw nutrinos. That was th gam playd in counting nutrinos from th sun. Powr sourcs ar drivd from wak intractions. S wak = h ν η η ν μ iγ ν = η i ν γ μ μ μ = η d 4 Wak Intraction for Nutrinos 7

28 8 Gnral Thortical Formulation II at nutrino production rat pr unit tim pr unit volum ϖ = = = 4 wk ffctiv wk S i S d S h h ν η η ν Wak Intraction for Nutrinos ffctiv d c is ms c d P ffctiv I = = = h h 4 1/ / 4 ϖ ϖ Cration Probability for Nutrinos I = = = = = = I y d y y K y C m c K C d d m d c , : condnsd mattr sourc corrlation, vacuum nutrino corrlation 1 ϖ η η ν ν η ν ν η ϖ

29 9 Gnral Thortical Formulation III 1 1, 1 1 W W K right lft μ μ μ μ γ ψ η ψ γ η η η = = = Th rigorous sourc corrlation function yilding th total production rat which dos not dpnd on a two body corrlation function is which allows for th calculation of vry high ordr non-linar lctromagntic procsss

30 Conclusion I Wak intractions allow for many of th obsrvd low nrgy nuclar transmutations. Collctiv surfac plasma mods yild th rquird rnormalizd lctron proprtis. Nuclar transmutation distributions nar surfacs can b largly undrstood. Total rats from wak intractions appar to b in rasonabl agrmnt with many obsrvations. 30

31 Conclusion II This laboratory was only fundd to th tnt that bas mtals could b convrtd into gold! 31