September 23, Honors Chem Atomic structure.notebook. Atomic Structure
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1 Atomic Structur Topics covrd Atomic structur Subatomic particls Atomic numbr Mass numbr Charg Cations Anions Isotops Avrag atomic mass Practic qustions atomic structur Sp 27 8:16 PM 1
2 Powr Standards/ Larning Targts Sub atomic structur (topic)(#2 1) (#2 1a)I can modl th proprtis of all subatomic particls. How dos an atom acquirs mass? (#2 1b) I can modl how and why diffrnt atoms of th sam lmnt hav diffrnt masss. How dos an atom acquirs a charg? (#2 1C) I can modl how an atom acquirs a charg. I can undrstand why an atom acquirs a charg. I can dtrmin an atom's most common charg and why. (octt rul) What is th lctronic structur of an atom? (2 2) (#2 2a) I can writ lctron configurations. (#2 2b) I can writ orbital diagrams. How do th proprtis of lctrons and th lctron shlls contribut to th priodic trnds? (#2 3) (#2 3a) I can dtrmin how gaining or loosing lctrons affcts th atomic radius justifid by coulombs law and orbital structur. (#2 3b) I can dtrmin how gaining or loosing protons affcts th atomic radius justifid by coulombs law and orbital structur. (#2 3c) I can dtrmin how gaining or loosing lctrons affcts th ionization nrgy justifid by coulombs law and orbital structur. (#2 3d) I can dtrmin how gaining or loosing protons affcts th ionization nrgy justifid by coulombs law and orbital structur. (#2 3) I can dtrmin whthr an atom is mor or lss ractiv thn anothr justifid by coulombs law and orbital structur. How is th priodic tabl structurd? (#2 4) (#2 4a)I can labl th various parts of th priodic tabl. (atomic numbr, mtals, nonmtals, mtalloids) Obj: I can modl/undrstand how an atom acquirs a charg. Sp 27 8:17 PM 2
3 obj: I can modl th proprtis of all subatomic particls. Subatomic particls Nam charg mass location proton +1 1 amu nuclus lctron 1 0 amu lctron cloud nutron 0 1 amu nuclus amu = atomic mass unit amu = atomic mass unit Sp 27 8:19 PM 3
4 obj: I can modl th proprtis of all subatomic particls. Nuclus: small ara in cntr of th atom contains protons and nutrons lctrons: locatd in lctron cloud Sp 27 8:25 PM 4
5 obj: I can modl th proprtis of all subatomic particls. Myth Elctrons do not travl around th nuclus lik plants. Truth vs. Myth Truth Nuclus is locatd in th cntr but much smallr Elctrons hav nrgy lvls Sp 27 8:27 PM 5
6 obj: I can modl th proprtis of all subatomic particls. Atomic numbr: numbr of protons in an atom Why important? Th numbr of protons dtrmins th lmnt. Th priodic tabl is ordrd by incrasing protons. Sp 27 8:30 PM 6
7 obj: I can modl th proprtis of all subatomic particls. Atomic numbr Exampl: Oxygn has 8 protons (cannot chang) Th numbr of nutrons and lctrons can and will vary. Altring th nutrons will chang th ovrall mass. Isotops Altring th lctrons will chang th charg. Ions Sp 27 8:37 PM 7
8 obj: I can modl th proprtis of all subatomic particls. Mass numbr rviw mass of proton= 1 amu mass of nutron= 1 amu mass of lctron= 0 amu Mass Numbr Dscribs th mass of an individual atom. 1. Sinc only Protons and Nutrons hav mass all th mass is locatd in th nuclus. 2. Each nutron and proton has a mass of 1 amu so... Mass numbr = protons + nutrons xampls: atomic numbr: 3 lmnt: Li mass numbr: 7 Sp 27 8:48 PM 8
9 obj: I can modl how and why diffrnt atoms of th sam lmnt hav diffrnt masss. Isotops 2 atoms with th sam numbr of protons but diffrnt numbr of nutrons Atoms of a singl lmnt can vary in mass. Protons must stay constant. (lockd) Nutrons can vary. Isotops of Hydrogn what do ths numbrs man? Hydrogn Atomic Mass = 1 Atomic Numbr = 1 Hydrogn (Dutrium) Atomic Mass = 2 Atomic Numbr = 1 Hydrogn (Tritium) Atomic Mass = 3 Atomic Numbr = 1 Isotop Notation thr ways to writ: C 12 C 13 C 14 Carbon 12 Carbon 13 Carbon 14 Sp 27 8:49 PM 9
10 1.What is th mass of a proton? Nutron? Elctron? 2.A nutral atom has 14 protons and 18 nutrons. Writ th corrct nuclar (isotop) symbol. 3.Which of th following pairs show two atoms with th sam numbr of nutrons? Cl and Ar Co and Co P and S Zn and Zn Thr ar 3 stabl isotops of Argon: Argon 36, Argon 38 and Argon 40. What would th atoms of ths isotops hav in common? What would b diffrnt about thir atoms? Oct 13 8:35 AM 10
11 1.What is th mass of a proton? Nutron? Elctron? 1 amu 1 amu 0 amu 2.A nutral atom has 14 protons and 18 nutrons. Writ th corrct nuclar (isotop) symbol. 3.Which of th following pairs show two atoms with th sam numbr of nutrons? Cl and Ar Co and Co P and S Zn and Zn 15 both hav 20 nutrons Si 4.Thr ar 3 stabl isotops of Argon: Argon 36, Argon 38 and Argon 40. What would th atoms of ths isotops hav in common? sam # p + and What would b diffrnt about thir atoms? diffrnt # n Oct 13 8:35 AM 11
12 Protons and Nutrons Instructions Blow you will practic figuring out th diffrnt protons, lctrons, and nutrons for th tabl. I hav lft som opn to hlp you out, but onc you hav an answr click on th cll shad to rval th answrs. If you nd th priodic tabl click on th animal blow to go to th priodic tabl. Isotop Numbr of p + Numbr of Numbr of n o Nuclar Symbol Hydrogn H Hlium H Lithium Li Bryllium B Boron B Prvious Nxt Protons and Nutrons 12
13 obj: I can modl how and why diffrnt atoms of th sam lmnt hav diffrnt masss. Avrag atomic mass Th Atomic mass of Chlorin is Q: Is thr actually an atom of Chlorin with a mass of ? Chlorin: How many Protons? 17 How many Nutrons? If th mass numbr = 35 If th mass numbr = 37 Nutrons = 18 Nutrons = 20 No only 35 and 37. So why th dcimal? Avrag atomic mass is th avrag mass in rlation to its rlativ abundanc of its isotops. Th priodic tabl shows th avrag atomic mass of all atoms (15 x 35) + (5 x 37) = 35.5 amu 20 (0.75 x 35) + (0.25 x 37) = 35.5 amu Sp 27 8:49 PM 13
14 obj: I can modl how and why diffrnt atoms of th sam lmnt hav diffrnt masss. Exampl with avrags: A studnt rcivs a 84.6% This is a B but th studnt nvr actually scord a B on any assignmnts. How is this possibl? Th studnt is scord on many assignmnts. Som whr highr thn a B and othrs whr lowr thn a B. Sp 27 8:54 PM 14
15 obj: I can modl th proprtis of all subatomic particls. Th mass numbr is not locatd on th priodic tabl. Why? Lithium mass numbr: 7 Mass numbr dscribs a SINGLE atom and av. atomic mass (priodic tabl) dscribs MANY atoms avrag atomic mass: som Li 6 and mostly Li 7 Sp 27 8:49 PM 15
16 obj: I can modl how and why diffrnt atoms of th sam lmnt hav diffrnt masss. Find th lmnt Rf on th priodic tabl. Atomic #104 What is diffrnt about this lmnt as opposd to othr lmnts? (261) s th ky: this lmnt has no stabl isotop, th mass numbr of th isotop with th longst half lif is in parnthsis. Sp 27 8:54 PM 16
17 obj: I can modl how and why diffrnt atoms of th sam lmnt hav diffrnt masss. Avrag atomic masss 1 st Whn w mass out a sampl, w ar gtting a mixtur of diffrnt isotops. Som havir som lightr 2 nd Scintists hav actually masurd th abundanc of diffrnt isotops and dtrmind th avrag mass for Cl is Sp 27 8:49 PM 17
18 Obj: I can modl/undrstand how an atom acquirs a charg. Charg on an atom What two subatomic particls contain a charg? Protons = +1 Elctrons = 1 How do you figur out th charg on an atom? Charg = p + If th protons = lctrons th charg is zro. Each + cancls out a (What do you hav mor of, + or ) An atom of oxygn has 9 lctrons. what is th charg? Oxygn Protons Elctrons 8 + s 9 s w On mor than p +, so th charg is 1 Sp 27 8:57 PM 18
19 Obj: I can modl/undrstand how an atom acquirs a charg. Ion: Chargd particl Anion: Ngativly chargd particl anion = Ngativ ion Cation: Positivly chargd particl. + Ca ion Pronouncd: cat + ion Sp 27 9:02 PM 19
20 Obj: I can modl/undrstand how an atom acquirs a charg. Bhavior of protons and lctrons Vry important: Atoms can asily los or gain lctrons altr th charg Atoms can NOT asily gain or los protons. this would b a nuclar raction. If an atom... acquirs a ngativ charg it lctrons gains loss acquirs a positiv charg it lctrons Protons NEVER mov! Any chang is rlativ to th numbr of lctrons moving. Zn o Zn 2+ What happnd? Zn "lost" 2 lctrons Zn o Zn F 2 2F What happnd hr? F 2 "gaind" 2 lctrons F F Sp 27 9:02 PM 20
21 Atomic Structur Practic Sam valu Mass numbr = p + + n 0 Charg = p + (nuclar) mass Sp 27 9:02 PM 21
22 Atomic Structur Practic Sam valu Mass numbr = p + + n 0 Charg = p + (nuclar) 16 8 p+n on priodic tabl Mg B Sp 27 9:02 PM 22
23 Practic Avrag if not writtn as isotop, us mass numbr closst to th avrag atomic mass Oct 17 8:38 AM 23
24 Practic Avrag if not writtn as isotop, us mass numbr closst to th avrag atomic mass Oct 17 8:38 AM 24
25 How many protons and lctrons ar in th following atoms/ions? (hint: always find proton numbr first) Protons Elctrons Na F Ar B N Oct 20 7:44 AM 25
26 Drawing Bohr modls: Numbr of lctrons in ach shll: 1st shll: 2nd shll: 3rd shll: Na Na +1 F F 1 N N 3 Oct 17 10:38 AM 26
27 Drawing Bohr modls: Numbr of lctrons in ach shll: 1st shll: 2 2nd shll: 8 3rd shll: 8 Na 11p p + Na +1 11p + 11p + 10 F 9p + 9p + 9 F 1 9p + 9p + 9p + 10 N N 3 Oct 17 10:38 AM 27
28 Drawing Lwis Structurs: only showing valnc (outr shll) lctrons Na Na +1 F F 1 Ar Ar B B +2 N N 3 Oct 17 10:38 AM 28
29 Drawing Lwis Structurs: only showing valnc (outr shll) lctrons Na Na +1 F F 1 Ar Ar B B +2 N N 3 Oct 17 10:38 AM 29
30 Octt Rul and Stability valnc lctrons: lctrons in th outrmost shll How many valnc lctrons? 1 multipl and varis Oct 17 10:37 AM 30
31 nuclar Draw a Bohr diagram of Calcium Draw a Lwis structur of Calcium Oct 21 7:45 AM 31
32 p. 17 nuclar F S Am Draw a Bohr diagram of Calcium 20p + Draw a Lwis structur of Calcium Ca.. Oct 21 7:45 AM 32
33 Vocabulary: 1. isotop 2. cation 3. anion 4. ion 5. charg 6. atomic numbr 7. avrag atomic mass 8. nuclar symbol 9. mass numbr 10. Bohr diagram 11. Lwis structur Sp 29 8:41 PM 33
34 Oct 21 4:41 PM 34
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