DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA. ME-346: MECHANICS OF MACHINERY SESSIONAL

Transcription

1 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA. Apple Mechancs an Materal Laboratory ME-346: MECHANICS OF MACHINERY SESSIONAL Mechancal engneers eal wth machnes. Machnes consst of fferent parts an/or lnks connecte together n such a way that for a gven nput (moton or force) a esre output (moton or force) s obtane. In orer to know the characterstcs of a machne, one shoul know the behavour of a boy n moton wth or wthout reference to forces nvolve. In Mechancs of Machnery Sessonal, stuents are urge to famlarze themselves wth varous propertes of boes n moton. They shoul also be able to solve numercal problems. The followng experments are to be one n one term: Set. No. Expt. No. Name of the Experment 1 1 Statc an Dynamc Balancng of a Shaft 1 Bflar Suspenson 3 Free Vbraton of a Sngle Degree of Freeom System 4 Determnng Mass Moment of Inerta of a Flywheel 3 5 Stuy of Compoun Penulum 3 6 Stuy of Gyroscope 4 7 Crtcal Spee of a Shaft 4 8 Stuy of Cam YOU MUST READ THE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE COMING TO THE CLASS. Submsson of Reports: The stuents must submt ther reports at the en of the class. Reports shoul be bref an must be submtte n a fle. Name of the stuent, roll number, group an sesson shoul be clearly wrtten on the top cover of the fle as well as on the top sheet of each set of experments. For ease of entfcaton, each group of stuents shoul use coloure fles as recommene by the teachers. The report shoul nclue the followng tems: 1. Set number an experment number. Name of the experment 3. Objectves of the experment 4. Names (only) of the apparatus 5. Schematc agram of the expermental set-up 6. Expermental ata 7. Sample calculatons 8. Graphs an results 9. Dscussons NOTE: Items I through 5 shoul be prepare by each stuent before comng to perform experments. Each stuent must brng wth hm SCALE, PEN, PENCIL, ERASER, GEOMETRY / INSTRUMENT BOX, PLAIN PAPERS, GRAPH PAPERS, etc. Sheet\ME-346 1

2 OBJECTIVES: EXPERIMENT NO. 1 STATIC AND DYNAMIC BALANCING OF A SHAFT 1. To calculate angular an longtunal postons of counter balancng weghts for statc an ynamc balancng of an unbalance rotatng mass system.. To check expermentally that the postons of counter balancng weghts calculate as above are correct. THEORY: A shaft s sa to be statcally balance f the shaft can rest, wthout turnng, at any angular poston n ts bearngs. Ths conton s attane when the sum of the centrfugal forces on the shaft ue to unbalance masses s zero n any raal recton. The centrfugal force ue to unbalance mass of weght W wth ts centre of gravty at a raal stance r s proportonal to W r. For a shaft to be statcally balance, the summaton of components of all such forces shoul be zero n any raal recton. That s, W r 0 A shaft s sa to be ynamcally balance when t oes not vbrate n ts runnng state. To make a shaft ynamcally balance, t must frst be statcally balance. In aton, the sum of the moments of centrfugal forces ue to the attache masses about any axs perpencular to the axs of the shaft must be zero. Ths conton s fulflle when W r l 0 where l s the stance of the attache mass from one en of the shaft. APPARATUS: Statc an ynamc balancng machne. The machne conssts of two frames - a small rectangular man frame an a large rectangular support frame whch stans vertcally up on a platform. The shaft to be balance s mounte n the man frame an may be run by an electrc motor attache to the lower member of the frame. The axal stance of the masses can be measure by a scale attache to the lower member. The poston of masses s etermne wth the help of a protractor ftte to one en of the shaft. Four fferent masses are prove whch may be clampe on to the shaft at any axal an angular postons. PROCEDURES: A. STATIC BALANCING 1. Clamp blocks 1 an on to the shaft at gven (known) angular postons an at any convenent axal postons. The shaft becomes statcally unbalance. See fgure below. Y W W 3 4 r r 3 3 r r 4 W 1 X W 4 r 4 W 3 r 3 3 W r W 1 r 1 W 4. To balance the shaft, blocks 3 an 4 are to be clampe at some angular postons whch wll satsfy the followng equatons for statc balancng; Sheet\ME-346

3 c ( Wr ) x ( W r ) cos 0 t ( Wr ) y (Wr )sn 0 t t The angular postons of blocks 3 an 4 can be foun from the above equatons. Knowng the Wr-values of the four blocks, one shoul be able to fn the unknown angles wth the help of the force polygon. 3. Clamp blocks 3 an 4 on the shaft at the etermne angles. 4. They shoul be statcally balance. Verfy that the shaft rests n ts bearngs at any angular postons. B. DYNAMIC BALANCING: 1. Take the man frame off from ts rg support an suspen t parallel to the support frame wth the help of three sprngs. Put on the motor belt.. Place blocks 1 an at gven axal an raal postons. Raal postons beng calculate earler, axal postons of blocks 3 an 4 have to be etermne for ynamc balancng analytcally be usng the followng equatons or graphcally by usng the couple polygon; c c ( Wr l ) x ( Wr sn ) L 0 t ( W r l ) y ( W r cos ) L 0 t Let ther axal postons be ncate by L3 an L4 as requre for ynamc balancng. Reference Plane 4 l 1 l 3 W 3 r 3 l 3 3 l W 4 r 4 l 4 W r l l 4 W 1 r 1 l 1 3. Clamp locks 3 an 4 at the calculate angular an axal postons. 4. Swtch on the motor to run the shaft an verfy that the shaft oes not vbrate. DISCUSSIONS: 1. Whle verfyng the stages of balancng expermentally you notce any evaton from the eal state? What were the evatons?. State the reasons for evatons f there were any. 3. Why ynamc balancng s so mportant to us? 4. Is the effect of unbalance of the shaft the same at all spees of the shaft? If not, what s the most angerous spee? Sheet\ME-346 3

4 EXPERIMENT NO. BIFILAR SUSPENSION OBJECTIVES: The objectves of the experment are to etermne expermentally the moment of nerta an the raus of gyraton about ts centre of gravty an to compare them wth theoretcal values. THEORY: The bflar suspenson s use to etermne the moment of nerta of a boy about an axs passng through ts centre of gravty. The boy s suspene by two parallel cors of length l, at a stance apart. If the mass of the boy s M, then the tenson n ether cor s Mg/. If the system s now splace through s small angle at ts central axs, then an angular splacement wll be prouce at the supports (see fgure below). l A' Q B A Mg B' If both angles are small, then The restorng force at the pont of attachment of the threa B an B 1 wll be Mg sn Mg ( for small ) Snce, the restorng force = Mg, an the restorng couple s thus 4 Mg. 4 Mg. Mg. Gvng an equaton of moton I.e., 0 4 4I Therefore, the moton s S.H.M. of peroc tme, T mg T Therefore, I 16 K Alternatvely, T may be expresse as: T. g 41 Mg,snce K where s the stance between the wres (m) s the length of suspenson (m) K s the raus of gyraton of the boy about ts centre of gravty. I M APPARATUS: The Unversal Vbraton Apparatus an a unform rectangular bar suspene by fne wres. Sheet\ME-346 4

5 PROCEDURES: Suspen the beam by wres an ajust t to some sutable length l. Measure the stance between the threas accurately, before splacng the beam through some small angle. Measure tme for 0 oscllatons, from whch the peroc tme may be calculate. Repeat the proceure three tmes. Change the length of the wres l an tme a further 0 swngs. The peroc tmes shoul be calculate for four such lengths. The nerta of the boy may be ncrease by placng the two masses on ether se of the centre lne, an repeatng the proceure four tmes for varous values of l an b (b beng the stance of separaton of the masses). Havng etermne the parameters l, b, an T, the raus of gyraton K may be calculate from: T 4K I g, from whch K T 4 g In orer to calculate moments of nerta, the mass of the beam (unloae) s requre. DATA AND RESULTS: The ata shoul be presente n a tabular format lke the sample table shown below: Test No. I (m) (m) T (S) K (m) K (m ) M (kg) I (kg-m ) DISCUSSIONS: 1. How woul one etermne the raus of gyraton, an hence moment of nerta, of any boy usng the bflar suspenson?. Are the theoretcal an expermental values of K an I n goo agreement? If not so, what may be the reason(s)? Sheet\ME-346 5

6 EXPERIMENT NO. 3 FREE VIBRATION OF A SINGLE DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEM OBJECTIVES: To etermne the frequency of small vbraton of a penulum by theoretcal an expermental means. THEORY: A. FREE VIBRATION WITHOUT SPRINGS Let be the angle of nclnaton an l be the length of the bar, W be the weght of the penulum (refer to the fgure below). Assume that the weght of the bar s neglgbly small. Then, for any angular splacement, of the penulum. Knetc Energy (K.E.) = [W( ) /g], where s the velocty of the penulum. Change n potental energy ue to vertcal splacement s W (1-cos) = W Therefore, the total energy for the set-up s W( ) g W = constant l =DOF. g.e., constant => g 0 l t l Mg The frequency of vbraton s = g an the tme pero T g / B. FREE VIBRATION WITH SPRINGS If the sprng constants of the two sprngs are K 1 an K respectvely, then the equvalent sprng constant (see fgure) shoul be K = K 1 + K The knetc an the potental energes are the same as those n the case of the set-up wthout sprng. The stan energy for the sprngs s 1 K K ( a ) sn ce a Therefore, the total energy of the system s W( ) g W K ( a ) constant a K 1 K l Mg g Kga W constant g Kga Then frequency an pero W T g Kga W Sheet\ME-346 6

7 APPARATUS: 1. Measure W an. The values of sprng constants are gven below.. Dsplace the penulum through a small angle an let go. Recor the tme for 0 oscllatons. Repeat the proceure at least thrce an calculate the average frequency wthout sprngs. 3. Repeat step 3 for at least two more values of a. 4. compare the expermentally foun frequences wth the theoretcal ones. DATA AND RESULTS Weght of the penulum, W = 1.5 lb. of the bar, l = 18.5 nch. Sprng constant for sprng 1, K 1 = 3.3 lb/n sprng constant for sprng, K = 3.3 lb/n Equvalent sprng constant, K = 6.6 lb/n, a = Sample ata sheet for the expermental set-up wthout sprngs: No. of Obs. Tme for 0 oscllatons (sec.) Average tme for 0 oscllatons (sec.) Expermental frequency Theoretcal frequency Sample ata sheet for the expermental set-up wth sprngs: No. of Obs. a (mm) Tme for 0 oscllatons (sec.) Average tme for 0 oscllatons (sec.) Expermental frequency Theoretcal frequency DISCUSSIONS: Wrte own the reasons for the varatons n the expermental an theoretcal values, f there s any. Sheet\ME-346 7

8 EXPERIMENT NO. 4 DETERMINING MASS MOMENT OF INERTIA OF A FLYWHEEL OBJECTIVES The objectves of the experment are as follows: 1. To etermne the mass moment of nerta of a flywheel by fallng weght metho.. To etermne the raus of gyraton. 3. To etermne the frctonal torque. THEORY Notatons use: angular acceleraton ameter of the shaft wth allowance for the rope m attache mass T torque T t theoretcal torque T f frctonal torque t tme of fall h heght of fall a lnear acceleraton I mass moment of nerta k raus of gyraton M mass of the flywheel Governng equatons: T = I (1) T = T t T f () T t = (mg-ma) (/) (3) h = ½ (at ) (4) a = h/t (5) = a/ (6) I = Mk (7) k = I / M (8) In the above equatons, values of m, t, h, g, an are known an T, T t, T f, a, an I are unknown. T t T f = I(a/) => (mg-ma) h T f I.. [from eqns. (3) an (5)] t => m(g-h/t ) / T f = 4hI/t => m(gt -h) / T f t = 4hI/ T => m(gt f t -h) = 8hI In the above equaton, the only varables are m an t. Note that the above equaton s of the form y = mx + c where m(gt h) s one varable on the ornate, t s the other varable on the abscssa an T f / s the slope. Therefore, f one raws a graph wth these axes, one can obtan the value of T f from the slope, an the value of I from the ntercept on the ornate. Once the moment of nerta becomes known, the raus of gyraton can be calculate from eqn. (8). Sheet\ME-346 8

9 APPARATUS The test rg, stop watch, scale, mass holer an masses. The test rg conssts of a shaft restng on two ball bearngs. The flywheel s mounte on the shaft. An nextensble cor carryng a mass holer s te an wrappe aroun the shaft. One or more masses can be place on the mass holer. If the loa s suffcent to overcome the bearng frcton, the cor unwns from the shaft an the mass starts fallng untl stoppe by a steel plate at the base. PROCEDURE 1. Place the kg weght on the holer. Turn the flywheel to woun the cor untl the weght s at a heght metres.. Release the flywheel an start the stop watch smultaneously. The weght wll start fallng. Measure the tme of fall. Repeat the step at least thrce. Calculate the average tme of fall. (Accurate tmng s very mportant n ths experment.) 3. Graually ncrease the weght an repeat step for at least 6 fferent weghts. Always keep the heght at metres. (Suggeste weghts are 0.964, 1,490,,490, 4,830 an 9,500 kg). 4. Plot a graph wth m(gt -h) along the ornate an t along the abscssa. The graph shoul be a straght lne. From the graph, fn the ntercept on the ornate an calculate the mass moment of nerta from the followng formula: I = /8h (Intercept on the ornate) 5. Calculate the raus of gyraton from the value of I. 6. Fn the slope of the lne an hence the frcton torque by usng the followng formula: T f * ( slope) DATA AND RESULTS M = kg = 0.03 m h = m mass of the holer, m 1 = 0.45 kg Sample ata sheet: No. of Obs. Attache mass, m (kg) Total mass, m = (m 1 +m ) Tme of fall (sec.) Average tme of fall (sec.) t m(gt -h) DISCUSSIONS The graph you have rawn shoul be a straght lne. If t s not, state reasons. State any other ponts you fn necessary to be state. Sheet\ME-346 9

10 EXPERIMENT NO. 5 STUDY OF COMPOUND PENDULUM OBJECTIVES The objectves of the experment are to fn out the raus of gyraton an the moment of nerta of a compoun penulum an compare the expermental values wth the theoretcal values. THEORY When a rg boy, suspene from a pont (as shown n the fgure), s splace through a small angle, the restorng couple- Mgh sn = -mgh (for small ) s prouce. The equaton of moton s - mgh = I (1) where, M = h = = I = = mass of the ro stance of the centre of gravty from the pont of suspenson angle of vertcal splacement moment of nerta for the ro about the axs through the pont of suspenson acceleraton of the system The moton s smple harmonc an the peroc tme, T s T I / Mgh) () If I g s the moment of nerta about c.g. then I = I g + Mh (accorng to the parallel axs theorem) (3) an I g = Mk (4) where, K s the raus of gyraton. Therefore, T K h gh By varyng the value of h an evaluatng T, the raus of gyraton of the ro about ts centre of gravty may be calculate an compare wth the theoretcal value. h L 1 G L/ APPARATUS The compoun penulum conssts of a 1.7 mm ameter steel ro m long. The ro s supporte by an ajustable knfe ege on the cross member. The knfe ege can be move along the ro to alter the value of h,.e., the stance of the c.g. from the pont of suspenson. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE The centre of gravty of the ro s measure from the gven length of the ro. The poston of the c.g. s at a stance of (L/) from ether en, where L s the length of the ro. The knfe ege s tghtene at a gven poston so that t swngs freely wthout any rotaton at the support. The tme for 30 oscllatons s taken after splacng the penulum through a small vertcal angle. The tme of 30 oscllatons are recore at least three tmes at any gven value of L 1. The average of these values gves the peroc tme T. Repeat the whole proceure to fn out the peroc tme T for each of the SEVEN fferent values of h. IT IS ADVISABLE TO REMOVE THE ROD FROM THE CROSS BEAM AND DO ANY ADJUSTMENTS AWAY FROM THE PORTAL FRAME. Sheet\ME

11 The values of K can be calculate from the values of h an T from equaton (5). These values are then compare wth the theoretcal values calculate from K = L 1 /3 (Routh s Rule) DATA AND RESULTS of the ro = m Dameter of the ro = 1.7 mm Mass of the ro = gm Format of the Table: No. of Obs. Effectve L 1 (m) Value of h (m) Tme of 30 oscllatons (sec) t 1 t t 3 t 4 Peroc Tme T (sec) Expt. value of K (m) Theoretcal value of K (m) Expt. value of I (kg-m ) Theoretcal value of I (kg-m ) FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS 1. Calculate the length of the equvalent smple penulum for one of the above observatons by conserng the tme pero of the smple penulum to be equal to that of the compoun penulum.. Fn the two values of h whch satsfy the resultng quaratc equaton gvng equal vbraton tmes. 3. Investgate, usng the equaton. h hl 1 + K = 0 the fact that f a stance K /h 1 s measure along the axs from G, remote from the pont of suspenson O to another pont O', so that OO' = L 1 an the peroc tme about O' s the same as that about O. Sheet\ME

12 EXPERIMENT NO. 6 STUDY OF GYROSCOPE OBJECTIVES To etermne the relaton between the reacton torque an the processonal spee. APPARATUS Gyroscope, weghts, hanger, stop watch. THEORY The change n the recton of the axs of spn of a Gyroscope s referre to as precesson. A constant couple T (wth axs parallel to Y) wll prouce a constant precessonal spee, (aroun axs Z). T = J For a unformly rotatng sk, ( = constant) J = constant a Y b Axs of precesson I O Axs of shaft X Apple couple Z The couple has a proportonal relatonshp wth the precessonal spee. PROCEDURE 1. Connect the Gyroscope to 110 VAC supply. The sk wll rotate an keep the axs horzontal.. A weght on the shaft of the sk on one se. Note the weght (or apple couple). Measure the precessonal spee by notng the tme requre by the sk to make 5 or 6 complete revolutons. Repeat 6 tmes wth fferent loas graually ncreasng the value. 3. Repeat the above proceure by applyng loas on the other se of the shaft. 4. Plot the torque versus precessonal spee curve. Check evaton of the expermental ponts from a straght lne relatonshp an comment on the evatons, f any. Loa arm = No. of obs Weght gm Torque gm-cm Tme of precesson sec No. of revolutons Precessonal spee ra/sec REFERENCES: Textbooks on Theory of Machnes. Sheet\ME-346 1

13 EXPERIMENT NO. 7 CRITICAL SPEED OF A SHAFT OBJECTIVES The objectve of the experment s to etermne expermentally the crtcal spee of a transversely loae rotatng shaft an to compare t wth the theoretcally calculate value. THEORY In ths exercse, only smply supporte beam cases (bearngs at two ens) are consere. It s known that the crtcal rotatonal spee n raans per secon s equal to the crcular natural frequency of transverse vbraton. Ths statement s correct when concentrate masses are carre on shafts. For the case of an elastc system, f the sprng constant s K then the natural frequency of vbraton wth mass m s gven by- = (K/m) But W = mg = Ky, where y = statc eflecton. m 1 m a b L Therefore, = {(W/y) / (W/g)} = (g/y) ra/sec () Smlarly, wthn the elastc lmt for the case of a smply supporte beam = (g/y) ra/sec (3) where, y = statc eflecton of the beam ue to the weght W. Therefore, n o 60 g rev / y mn 30 g rev / mn (4) y where, g an y must be n consstent unts. Conser the followng cases: Case-1: (Refer to the fgure shown above) When the mass s not at m-pont,.e., a b, then the eflecton of the shaft s gven by- Wa b y 3EIL When W s ue to the masses m 1 an m together. Case-: (Refer to the fgure shown above) When the mass s at the m-pont,.e., a = b, then the eflecton of the beam s gven by- 3 WL y 48EI Sheet\ME

14 When W s ue to the masses m 1 an m together. Case-3: (Refer to the followng fgures) When the two masses are separate, Dunkerley s Formula for crtcal spee can be apple- n 1 c 1 n 1 n c 1 c... where, n c1 = 30 g y 1 [when only m 1 s use] n c = 30 g y [when only m s use] m 1 m L/4 L/ L/4 L m 1 m L/4 L/ L/4 L In ths case, two crtcal spees wll be obtane. One spee can be foun for the moe of the shaft as shown n the above fgure (top). If the spee s further ncrease, the shaft wll start rotatng lke that shown n fgure (bottom) wth a noe at the centre. For ths moe, W(L / ) y 48EI 3 NOTATIONS n c = crtcal spee of the shaft (rpm) = crtcal spee of the shaft (ra/sec) = ameter of the shaft (m) I = polar moment of nerta of the shaft (m 4 ) E = moulus of elastcty of the shaft materal (for steel E = 10 GN/m ) L = length of the shaft (m) [NOTE: 5 mm shoul be eucte for each weght ue to ther stffenng effects on the shaft] y = eflecton of the shaft ue to the weghts (m) [self weght of the shaft s neglecte] W = weght of the attache mass (N) m 1 = 1 kg; W 1 = 9.81 N m = 1 kg; W = 9.81 N APPARATUS The Crtcal Revoluton Machne, MT15, weghts, scale an sle callpers. ATTENTION THE MAXIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN THE TWO INNER BEARINGS IS 450mm. DISTANCE BETWEEN THE CONSECUTIVE MARKS ON THE SHAFT IS 50mm. BEFORE STARTING THE MACHINE, PLEASE CHECK THAT THE MASSES ARE TIGHTLY SCREWED ONTO THE SHAFT. ALSO MAKE SURE THAT THE INPUT VOLTAGE TO THE MACHINE IS 110V. Sheet\ME

15 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 1. Set a sutable length L of the shaft by slng the two block bearngs along the shaft. The maxmum length of the shaft shoul not excee 400mm.. For Cases 1 an, the two masses shoul be brought together to obtan a punctform mass. The masses are locke on the shaft by tghtenng the screws attache to them. (The axally free bearngs shoul be place n such a way that a clearance of about 5 mm s obtane between the mass an the bearng. These bearngs are use to prevent a greater than permssble eflecton of the shaft). 3. Connect the machne to 110V AC source. Make sure that the spee control knob s at the zero poston before the machne s swtche on. Increase the spee of the shaft by turnng the spee control knob slowly an graually. Make note of the spee from the al when the crtcal spee s attane. Enter the value n the ata sheet an compare the value wth the theoretcally calculate value. Repeat the proceure three tmes. One shoul take care about not to keep the spee of the shaft at ts crtcal level for more than secons. DATA AND RESULTS Dameter of the shaft, D = 6.0 mm Polar moment of nerta f the shaft, Format of the Table 4 I D 64 Case-1: Two masses are together, but not at the m pont, a b No. of Obs. Observe n c (rpm) Average n c (rpm) length of shaft, L (m) a (m) b (m) y (m) Calculate n c (rpm) Case-1: Two masses are together an at the m pont, a = b No. of Obs. Observe n c (rpm) Average n c (rpm) length of shaft, L (m) a (m) b (m) y (m) Calculate n c (rpm) Case-3: Two masses are separate No. of Obs. Wthout noe Observe n c (rpm) Average n c (rpm) length of shaft, L (m) a (m) b (m) y (m) Calculate n c (rpm) Wth a noe REFERENCES Textbooks on Theory of Machne an Mechancal Vbratons (Chapters or sectons on Crtcal Spee). Sheet\ME

16 EXPERIMENT NO. 8 STUDY OF CAMS OBJECTIVES The objectves of the experments are as follows: 1. To measure the splacement of the follower at fferent cam angles.. To plot the splacement versus cam angle curves, an 3. To compare the actual curves wth the theoretcal curves. THEORY (a) Rse wth unform moton: The rse s gven by- Y, 0 Y - where, = maxmum rse n nches = angle of cam splacement nterval n raans = cam angle n raans (1) Dfferent values of s substtute nto eqn. (1) to get the corresponng values of Y. (b) Rse wth constant acceleraton an eceleraton: The splacement Y s gven by: y ( / ) ; / 0. 5 = [1-(1 (/)) ]; / 0.5 Wth constant velocty, the angle of cam rotaton s proportonal to the tme t. (c) Smple harmonc moton The splacement of the follower wth smple harmonc moton s gven by- Y 1 cos (3) where, = maxmum rse n nches = angle of cam splacement nterval n raans = cam angle n raans PROCEDURE 1. Place a cam on the shaft an screw on a follower on the follower ro.. Wrap a graph paper on the rum 3. Place a al gauge on the horzontal support plate wth ts ponter on the follower attachment. 4. Rotate the cam shaft wth the hanle. The attache pencl wll mark the splacement agram on the graph paper. Take reangs from the al gauge at fferent cam angle. 5. Repeat proceure 1 to 4 wth other cam an follower combnatons. Sheet\ME

17 DATA AND RESULTS Format of the table No. of Obs Cam Angle () Raans Dal Gauge Reang Inches Total Rse Angle () Raans Maxmum Rse () Inches Y Inches Theoretcal Dsplacement Constant Accel n & Decel n Smple Harmonc REFERENCES Textbooks on Theory of Machnes Apple Knematcs. Sheet\ME