A short overview of superconductivity Dr. Jean Botti EADS Chief Technical Officer Tunisia, May Slide 1

Transcription

1 A short overview of superconductivity Dr. Jean Botti EADS Chief Technical Officer Tunisia, May 2012 Slide 1

2 Introduction about superconductivity What is it? Below a critical temperature, some materials expel magnetic fields (Meissner effect) and have a zero electrical resistance. It is called superconductivity. Two types of superconductors: Low Temperature Superconductor (LTS) metals at < 30 K High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) ceramic materials at > 77K What does it allow? While using DC current, it allow a 100% efficient electricity transportation. It is also possible to carry 10 times more current than a conventional cable. Due to zero electrical resistance effect, superconductor can maintain a current with no applied voltage. It is used to create superconducting electromagnets. Slide 2

3 Superconductor applications TRL Sumitomo & IHI pod propulsion system with HTS motor (400kW) - HTS machine for aeronautic - - HTS machine for submarines propulsion Electric power transportation in power grid - MRI Mass spectrometers Particle accelerators EADS VoltAir Tevatron MRI NASA N3-X concept Slide 3 World's first HTS power transmission cable system installed in Long Island Power Authority s (LIPA)

4 Superconductor applications Superconductor current applications Highly efficient and compact electric motors (expected to reach 30 kw/kg and more than 99% efficiency(1)) Example for a ship propulsion motor (2) Superconductor potential use in aeronautic Slide 4 For a future electrically powered aircraft, superconductivity can be used for: High efficiency and power density cables High efficiency and power density electric motor

5 Superconductor applications Superconductor current applications Highly efficient and compact electric motors (expected to reach 30 kw/kg and more than 99% efficiency(1)) Example for a ship propulsion motor (2) Superconductor potential use in aeronautic Slide 5 For a future electrically powered aircraft, superconductivity can be used for: High efficiency and power density cables High efficiency and power density electric motor

6 Superconductor potential use in aeronautic: comparison with conventional technology Gravimetric power (kw/kg) Volume (kw/l) Efficiency (%) HTS Motor vs conventional Conventional motor HTS motor (targeted performances(2)) % >99% Comparison of conventional electric motor with expected performances of HTS motor Weight (kg/ m) Copper cable (20kA) HTS cable (20kA) 80 4 Volume (l/m) Heat loss (W/ m) HTS vs conventional Cable Comparison of HTS (current technology) and conventional cable for a 5 MW cable at 270 VDC (2) Slide 6

7 Challenges regarding superconductivity Cryocooling requirement: superconductors need to cool down to below 70K Sensitive to temperature, current density and magnetic field. If one of them overcomes its critical value somewhere in the superconductor, a quench occurs: it is when the superconductor enters the normal (resistive) state. It can heavily irreversible damage the superconductor. A good monitoring is required. Ceramic materials (used for High Temperature Superconductor) are difficult to manufacture into wires or strips and are very expensive. Slide 7

8 Superconducting technology pros & cons Pros Cons Power density Cooling constraints High efficiency (over 99% for electric motors) Need to monitor current and magnetic field (avoid quench) Compact design suitable for aircraft integration Manufacturing problems of HTS ceramic wires Enable high electric power (~MW) for airborn use Not currently mature for aeronautic Slide 8

9 In conclusion Superconductivity will remain a viable technology because of its density and high efficiency among other reasons In the future, the applications of superconductivity science will increase, not decrease The applications of superconductivity do and will benefit both the civil and defence domains thereby, it increases the opportunities to improve the application of this technology International cooperation concerning the application of this technology should be increased Slide 9

10 APPENDIX: For J. Botti Reading Formation - Moteurs et Turbomachines aéronautiques Slide 10

11 HTS activities and related projects in IW TCC6 (1/2) ANR TDM SUPREME PROPOSAL Summary: TDM: ANR program dedicated to research on elementary components in transportation industry Detailed study of a 600 kw HTS machine for aeronautic application Prototyping of a smaller version of the HTS machine (60 kw) Partners: GREEN, Hispano Suiza and Absolut Systems Study on HTS machines for aircraft use Summary: State-of-the-art of existing and under development HTS machines Paper study of the design of two types of HTS synchronous machines for aircraft use Study will be done by GREEN lab Partner: Hispano-Suiza Oswald Tech Watch To Be Completed By Peter Slide 11

12 HTS activities and related projects in IW TCC6 (1/2) ecraft study with Airbus Summary: Study the long-term potential and opportunities of electricity as an alternative major onboard energy source for propulsion HTS technology under study for HTS wire and HTS machines HTS machines & HTS wire modeled Rolls-Royce study Summary: Study cryocooling in hybrid propulsive architecture Topics investigated: sizing, design, requirements, constraints HTS motor and wire technology knowledge required for cryocooling system sizing GaTech fellowship Summary: Fellowship between EADS IW and GaTech Study performances of two disruptive propulsive architectures: Hybrid Series turbogenerator and SOFC-GT architectures HTS motor model given by the NASA Glenn Research Center used Model created by P. Masson and used for NASA N+3 study SUGAR. Slide 12