NAME:.. CLASS:.. SOMETIMES WE RE TESTED NOT TO SHOW OUR WEAKNESSES, BUT TO DISCOVER OUR STRENGTHS. DREAM BIG AIM HIGH NEVER GIVE UP ALINA IMAN ARIF

Transcription

1 NAME:.. CLASS:.. SOMETIMES WE RE TESTED NOT TO SHOW OUR WEAKNESSES, BUT TO DISCOVER OUR STRENGTHS. DREAM BIG AIM HIGH NEVER GIVE UP ALINA IMAN ARIF

2 CHECKLIST BIL. TRIAL TOPIC NOTES - LIGHT - FORCES & MOTION - WAVES - HEAT FULL SET 1 SBP FORCES & PRESSURE STRUCTURE - ELECTRICITY - ELECTROMAGNETISM - RADIOACTIVITY - LIGHT - HEAT 2 MSAB 2016 STRUCTURE - ELECTRONIC - FORCES & MOTION UPSS 2 SEM 2 F4 - LIGHT 3 STRUCTURE 2015 MRSM TGB 4 PHY-STAR MRSM TGB TRIAL SBP WAVES 6 TRIAL KEDAH SBP EDITED: FINAL F5 MRSM TGB - FORCES & PRESSURE - RADIOACTIVITY STRUCTURE - LIGHT STRUCTURE - HEAT ESSAY - ELECTRONIC SECTION B - FORCES & PRESSURE ESSAY SECTION C - RADIOACTIVITY ESSAY SECTION C 2

3 TRIAL SBP Diagram 1.1 shows a top view of a clock placed in front of a plane mirror. Diagram 1.2 shows the image of the clock in the mirror. STRUCTURE Diagram 1.1 Diagram 1.2 (a) Name the phenomenon involved in the formation of the image. 3

4 (b) Complete the following sentence by ticking ( ) in the correct box. The image of clock formed by the mirror is at P and is real at P and is virtual at Q and is real (c) State one other characteristic of the image. (d) State the time shown by the clock. 4

5 2 Diagram 2 shows a pear and a pineapple falling simultaneously on the same height of 10 meters from the surface of the floor. Diagram 2 (a) (i) State the type of motion when those fruits are falling down. 5

6 (ii) What is the energy transformation experienced by both fruits? (b) Calculate the velocity of the pear as it reached the surface of the floor. (c) The pineapple is replaced by a lump of paper. Predict the change in type of motion. 6

7 3 Diagram 3 shows a geologist using a high frequency of sound wave to locate boundaries between rock layers below the earth surface. (a) What is the meaning of frequency? Diagram 3 (b) Explain why the high frequency of sound wave is used to locate the boundaries between the rock layers. (c) Calculate h if the echo is heard 0.4 s after the sound wave from the source is sent. The speed of sound wave is 4000 ms -1. [3 marks] 7

8 4 Diagram 4.1 shows 0.6 kg of ice is heated using a 1000 W immersion heater. Diagram 4.1 Diagram 4.2 shows how mass of the ice, m, change with time, t during the heating. Diagram 4.2 Given the specific latent heat of fusion of ice is J kg -1. 8

9 (a) What is the meaning of specific latent heat of fusion? (b) Based on Diagram 4.2, (i) calculate the amount of heat absorbed by the ice during melting. (ii) determine the value of X. (iii) Give one reason why the mass of ice is constant for the first 50 s of heating. [3 marks] 9

10 5 Diagram 5.1 shows Haliff is pulling down a helium gas balloon using a string. Diagram 5.2 shows Haliff pulling a bunch of helium gas balloons using similar string. Haliff has to pull the balloon due to buoyant force which is acting on the balloon. Diagram 5.1 Diagram 5.2 (a) What is the meaning of buoyant force? (b) Based on Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2, (i) compare the volume of air displaced by the balloon. (ii) compare the buoyant force acting on the balloon. (iii) compare the pulling force on the string. 10

11 (c) State the relationship between volume of air displaced by the balloons and the buoyant force. (d) State the relationship between the buoyant force and the pulling force on the string. (e) The balloons in Diagram 5.2 are brought to the top of a mountain. Will it be easier to pull the balloons down? Explain your answer. 11

12 6 Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2 show two electrical circuits with identical batteries and identical bulbs, P and Q. The circuits obey Ohm s law. (a) State Ohm s law. Diagram 6.1 Diagram 6.2 (b) Based on Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2, (i) compare the arrangement of bulb P and bulb Q in the circuit. (ii) compare the brightness of bulb P and bulb Q in the circuit. (iii) compare the potential difference across each bulb in Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2. (c) Based on answers in 6(b), (i) state the relationship between the arrangement of bulbs and the brightness of bulbs 12

13 (ii) state the relationship between the arrangement of the bulbs in the circuit and the potential difference across each bulb. (d) Diagram 6.3 shows another identical bulb, bulb R is connected to the circuit in Diagram 6.1. Diagram 6.3 (i) Compare the brightness of bulb P, bulb Q and bulb R. (ii) Give one reason for your answer in 6(d)(i). 13

14 7 Diagram 7.1 shows a bar magnet is hung on a spring using a retort stand. The bar magnet is displaced downwards and released so it can oscillate through a solenoid which is connected to a centre-zero galvanometer. The oscillation of bar magnet will produce induced current in the solenoid. Diagram 7.1 (a) (i) What is the meaning of induced current? (iii) Tick ( ) the correct magnetic pole of the solenoid at B when the bar magnet moves upward away from A. North South (b) Diagram 7.2 shows a simple generator. The coil of the generator is rotated in clockwise direction. 14

15 Diagram 7.2 On Diagram 7.3, sketch the output voltage across resistor R. Diagram

16 (c) The generator in Diagram 7.2 can produced a small amount of current. Based on the following aspects, give suggestions to enable the generator to produce bigger current. (i) Number of turns of coil: Reason: (ii) Material of core: Reason : (iii) Shape of magnet: Reason : 16

17 8 Diagram 8.1 shows a nuclear reactor using nuclear fission to produce energy. (a) What is the meaning of nuclear fission? Diagram 8.1 (b) State the function of the moderator. (c) State the energy changes in the nuclear reactor. (d) The equation of nuclear fission is: U + n Ba + 92 Kr + 3 n The mass defect during the process is x kg. Calculate the energy released. Given the speed of light is 3 x 10 8 ms

18 (e) Table 8 shows four types of nuclear reactor P, Q, R and S. Nuclear Reactor Material for the Material for the Thickness of control rod coolant concrete shield/m P Iron Heavy water 0.5 Q Cadmium Oil 1.0 R Boron Heavy water 1.5 S Graphite Oil 2.0 Table 8 Based on Table 8, state the suitable characteristics of the components in the nuclear reactor which can generate energy safely. Give reason for the suitability of the characteristics. (i) Material for the control rod: Reason: (ii) Material for the coolant: Reason: (iii) Thickness of concrete shield: Reason: (f) Based on answers in 8 (d), determine the most suitable reactor to be used? 18

19 TRIAL MSAB Diagram 2 shows the light from a laser shining on a triangular glass prism. A laser is a device that gives a narrow parallel beam of monochromatic light. Diagram 2 (a) What is the meaning of monochromatic light?... (b) (c) On Diagram 2, complete the path of the light until it reaches the screen. What will be seen on the screen?... (d) The beam of light from the laser is replaced by a beam of white light from a lamp. State what is now seen on the screen.... TOTAL 5 MARKS 19

20 3. A substance of mass 0.05 kg is heated from solid state with using an immersion heater of 240 V, 0.1 kw. Diagram 3 shows the heating curve of the substance. Diagram 3 (a) Based on the graph in Diagram 3, what is the boiling point of the substance?... (b) State the change of temperature of the substance during the melting process.... (c) Calculate the heat energy needed for melting process of the substance. 20

21 (d) Calculate the specific latent heat of fusion of the substance. TOTAL 6 MARKS 21

22 4. Diagram 4 shows a traffic light model using logic gate circuit constructed by a student in the Design Competition. Key: Input 0 : Switch is turned off 1 : Switch is turned on Output 0 : Light-emitting diode (LED) is turned off 1 : Light-emitting diode (LED) is turned on (a) Name the logic gate P and Q. Diagram 4 P:.. Q: (b) Table 4 is a truth table which shows the operations of the logic gate in the traffic light model. Input Output of LED Switch X Switch Y Red Yellow Green Table 4 22

23 (i) Using the keys given, complete Table 4. [3 marks] (ii) When the switch X is turned on and switch Y is turned off, which LED would turn on?... (iii) What is the use of resistors R1, R2 and R3 that connected to the LED in the logic gate circuit in Diagram 4?... TOTAL 7 MARKS 23

24 5. Diagram 5.1 shows two identical wooden blocks of mass 10 kg sliding down from two identical inclined planes with 50 N frictional force acting on the surface. Diagram 5.1 (a) Diagram 5.1 (b) Diagram 5.1 (a) shows the wooden block sliding down the plane with constant velocity, which is inclined at 30 o to the horizontal. Diagram 5.1 (b) shows the wooden block sliding down the plane with constant acceleration, which is inclined at 40 o to the horizontal. (a) What is the meaning of frictional force? (b) (i) (ii)... Based on Diagram 5.1 (a) and Diagram 5.1 (b), compare the inclined plane angle.... compare the force, F acting on the wooden block.... (iii) compare velocity of the wooden block at P.... (c) (i) (ii) Based on the answers in 5(b), state the relationship between acceleration and resultant force of the wooden block.... state the physics concept involved

25 (d) Based on Diagram 5.1, what will happen to the motion of the wooden block when the inclined plane angle is less than 30o to the horizontal? Why?... TOTAL 8 MARKS 25

26 UPSS 2 SEM 2 F MRSM TGB 1. Diagram 1 show a word which is seen through a lens. Diagram 1 (a) State the type of the lens used.. (b) Name the light phenomenon involved in the formation of the image by the lens. (c) (i) (ii). The lens in Diagram 1 is replaced by another lens which has same thickness but larger in diameter. What will happen to the size of the image formed?. Give ONE reason for your answer in (c) (i).. TOTAL 4 marks 26

27 2. Diagram 2.1 shows an instrument usually used for measuring the atmospheric pressure. Diagram 2.1 (a) Name the instrument as shown on Diagram (b) What will be the value of h if the air pressure is less than the standard atmospheric pressure?. (c) The instrument in Diagram 2.1 is modified as in Diagram 2.2 and placed in an area which has standard atmospheric pressure. Diagram

28 Determined the pressure of air trapped in the (i) Space X : cm Hg (ii) Space Y. :.. cm Hg (d) The mercury in the instrument shown in Diagram 2.1 is replaced with water. Calculate the minimum height of glass tube needed to support the column of water at the atmospheric pressure of 1.0 x 10 5 Pa. [Density of water = kg m -3 ] TOTAL 6 marks 28

29 3. Diagram 3.1 shows an airplane taking off. When the airplane moves forward, the difference in air pressure causes a resultant force that lifts the wing up. Diagram 3.1 Diagram 3.2 shows a shape of a wing for an aircraft. Slat is the front part while flap is the back part of the wing. Both of the slat and flap can be moved during the flight. Diagram 3.2 (a) Name the shape of the aircraft s wing.. (b) During the aircraft take off, the part of slat and flap are extended as shown in Diagram 3.3. Diagram

30 (i) Compare the speed of air flow at above and below the aircraft s wing in Diagram (ii) Compare the air pressure above and below the aircraft s wing in Diagram (iii) Draw and label the lifting force acting on the aircraft s wing in Diagram 3.3. (c) (i) State the relationship between the speed of air flow and air pressure.. (ii) Name the principle involved in 3(c)(i).. TOTAL 6 marks 30

31 4. Diagram 4.1 and 4.2 show an identical pencil is immersed in the distilled water and sea water respectively. Diagram 4.1 Diagram 4.2 (a) (i) Name the light phenomenon involved.. (b) Based on Diagram 4.1 and Diagram 4.2: (i) Compare the bending of the pencil.. (ii) Compare the density of distilled water and the sea water.. (iii) State the relationship between the densities of water with the bending of the pencil.. (c) Diagram 4.3 shows the legs appear to be shorter than their actual length in a pool. Diagram

32 (i) On Diagram 4.4, draw a ray diagram from point P to the eye to show how the legs appear shorter. Diagram 4.4 (ii) The depth of water is 0.4 m. Calculate the distance of the image of the foot at point P from the surface of the water. [Refractive index of water = 1.33] TOTAL 8 marks 32

33 5. Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 shows light rays passing through semicircular blocks P and Q respectively. Semicircular block P is made from plastic and semicircular block Q is made from glass. Semicircular block P is made from plastic. Critical angle is 47 o Diagram 5.1 Semicircular block Q is made from glass. Critical angle is 44 o Diagram 5.2 (a) What is meant by critical angle? Tick ( ) the correct answer in the box provided. The angle of incidence when the angle of refraction is 90 o. The angle of incidence when the incident ray is totally reflected. (b) Explain why the light ray does not bend when it enters both blocks at point A.. (c) Based on diagram 5.1 and Diagram, 5.2, compare (i) the angle of incidence at point B in semicircular block P and Q.. (ii) the critical angle of semicircular block P and Q.. (iii) the density of the glass block.. 33

34 (iv) Relate your answer in (c)(ii) and (c)(iii).. (d) Name the light phenomenon involved in (i) Semicircular block P.. (ii) Semicircular block Q.. TOTAL 8 marks 34

35 PHY-STAR MRSM TGB A radioactive substance emits two radioactive emissions P and Q. The path of both radioactive emissions in electric field are shown in Diagram 1.1. Diagram 1.1 (a) What is the meaning of radioactive substance?.. (b) Name radioactive emission of P and Q. P :. Q :. (c) Explain why radioactive emission P follow the path as shown in Diagram 1.1?... (d) Diagram 1.2 shows a radioactive source and a detector are used to detect the level of orange juice in the boxes in a factory. The radioactive substance used emits radioactive radiation. Diagram

36 Table 1.3 shows the properties of four radioactive sources. Source Type of radiation Half-life State of matter W Alpha 50 years Solid X Gamma 40 days Liquid Y Beta 300 years Solid Z Gamma 50 minutes Gas Table 1.3 Based on Table 1.3, state the suitable properties of the radioactive sources to detect the level of orange juice in the packed boxes. Give reason for the suitability of the properties. (i) Type of radiation Reason. (ii) Half-life Reason. (iii) Type of matter Reason. (e) Based on the answers in 1(d), determine the most suitable radioactive source in Table 1.3 to detect the level of orange juice in the packed boxes... TOTAL 12 marks 36

37 TRIAL SBP Diagram 1.1 shows the arrangement of Young s double slit experiment. A white light source is passed through a blue filter to produce a monochromatic light. Diagram 1.2 shows the pattern of the fringes formed on the screen when a blue filter is used. Diagram 1.1 Diagram 1.2 (a) What is the meaning of monochromatic light??.. (b) Why bright fringes and dark fringes are observed on the screen as shown on Diagram 1.2?... [2 marks ] 37

38 (c) In the experiment, the screen is placed at the distance of 1.5 m from the double-slit. The separation distance between the double-slit is 0.5 mm while the total separation of four successive dark fringes is 4.05 mm. Calculate the wavelength of the blue light. TOTAL 5 MARKS 38

39 2. Diagram 2.1 shows a mirror that is fixed in certain area in a mini market. The purpose of the mirror is to help the owner of the mini market to monitor their customer. Diagram 2.1 (a) State the type of mirror used... (b) What the advantage of the mirror is as mentioned in (a) compare to plane mirror?.. (c) In Diagram 2.2, C is the centre of curvature and F is the focal point of the mirror. Diagram

40 (i) (ii) In Diagram 2.2, draw a ray diagram to show the position of the image. State the characteristics of the image formed. [3 marks].. (iii) What happens to the size of image when the curvature of convex mirror is decreased?.. TOTAL 7 MARKS 40

41 TRIAL STATE KEDAH 2015 ESSAY SECTION B 1. Diagram 9.1 shows air bubbles P and Q by a diver. Diagram 9.1 (a) State one factor that affects the water pressure of the diver. (b) Based on Diagram 9.1: (i) Compare the size of the air bubbles, the depth of the air bubbles and the pressure on the air bubbles P and Q. [3 marks] (ii) Relate the size of the air bubble with the depth of the air bubble. (iii) Relate the depth of the air bubble with the pressure on the air bubble. (v) Deduce a relationship between the volumes of the air bubble with the pressure on the air bubble. (c) Explain the relationship in 1(b)(vi) using kinetic theory of matter. [3 marks] (d) As a marine science student, you are assigned to consider the characteristics of a diving suit and other accessories used in deep sea diving. You are required to suggest the characteristics of the diving suit and the accessories that would enable the diver to dive to a greater depth safely. State and explain your suggestions based on the following aspects: (i) Attire of the diver (ii) Extra equipment to enable the diver to dive effectively (iii) Material and size of the gas tank and nature of the gas [10 marks] TOTAL 20 marks 41

42 2. (a) What is the meaning of semiconductor? (b) Diagram 10.1 shows a boron (B) atom embedded among silicon (Si) atoms in a semiconductor. In Diagram 10.2 the embedded atom is phosphorus (P). (i) Diagram 10.1 Diagram 10.2 What is the purpose of doping a semiconductor? (ii) Compare the type of semiconductor produced by the doping of a pure semiconductor like silicon with boron and phosphorus. Relate the type of semiconductor with the majority charge found in it. [4 marks] (c) Diagram 10.3 shows the input signal and output signal of a circuit connected to a diode. Diagram 10.3 Explain how the output signal is produced. [4 marks] 42

43 (d) Diagram 10.4 shows an electronic circuit where a bulb lights up when the surrounding is dark. Diagram 10.4 You are require to modify the circuit in Diagram 10.4 so that a bell will ring when the surrounding is hot. You are given the following components to modify the circuit. Component Symbol Thermistor Resistor Bell Draw the new circuit and explain how it works. [10 marks] TOTAL 20 marks 43

44 ESSAY SECTION C SBP Diagram 1.1 shows a cargo ship is sailing in sea water. Diagram 1.1 (a) Name the physics principle involved which makes the ship float in sea water. [1 mark ] (b) Explain why the ship can float in sea water. [1 mark ] (c) (i) Plimsoll lines are marked at the sides of the ship. State the purpose of plimsoll lines. (ii) Explain why plimsoll lines have many levels. [1 mark ] (d) Table 1.2 shows the characteristics of four structures of ship P, Q, R, and S. Structure of ships Shape Strength Of the metal used Ship Base Cross section area Volume of the air space in the ship P Streamlined High Wide High Q Oval Low Wide High R Circle High Small Low S Streamlined Low Small Low Table 1.2 As a researcher in a ship manufacturing company, you are assigned to study the structure used to make the ship to support heavy cargoes. You are given four choices of the structures P, Q, R and S. The table above shows the structures of the boat. Explain the suitable characteristics of the structure to be used to make the ship. Determine the most suitable structure to be used to make the ship to support heavy cargoes. Give reasons for your choice. [10 marks] 44

45 (e) Diagram 1.2 Diagram 1.2 shows a load X is placed on a wooden block. Both of them is then placed in water of density 1000 kg m -3. The mass of the wooden block is 3 kg and the density is 800 kg m -3. (i) Calculate the volume of water displaced by the load and the wooden block. (ii) Calculate the mass of the load X. [3 marks] TOTAL 20 MARKS 45

46 EDITED: FINAL F5 2. An engineer uses radioisotope to design a system to detect the thickness of card in a factory. (a) (i) What is meant by radioisotope? (ii) Explain the arrangement of the apparatus used to detect the thickness of card. State how radioactivity is used to detect the thickness of the card. [3 marks] (b) Table 12 shows the characteristics of five different radioisotopes. Characteristics of isotope Radioisotope Physical Radiation Penetrating state emitted power Half-life V Gas Alpha Low 30 days W Liquid Beta Moderate 8 months X Liquid Gamma High 2 years Y Solid Beta Moderate 32 years Z Solid Gamma High 60 seconds Table 12 Based on Table 12, explain the suitable characteristics of the radioisotopes to be used to detect the thickness of card. Select the most suitable isotope to be used and give your reasons. [10 marks] (c) Sketch activity against time graph to show the decay of a radioactive substance. Explain how the half-life is determined. [4 marks] (d) The half-life of radon-22 is 4 days. Calculate the time taken for the activity of this isotope to decay to 6.25% of its initial value. TOTAL 20 MARKS 46

47 PRECAUTION STEPS FOR INVESTIGATIVE EXPERIMENTS NO. TYPE OF EXPERIMENT PRECAUTIONS THAT CAN BE TAKEN INVOLVING 1 Light a. Do the experiment in a dark room to get clear and sharp image b. Lens, screen and object must be in line and of same level c. Make sure our eyes perpendicular to the reading of meter rule to avoid parallax error 2 Spring a. Make sure the spring is not loaded beyond the elastic limit (spring return to original length when load is taken off) b. Make sure our eyes perpendicular to the reading of meter rule to avoid parallax error 3 Electric / Electronic a. Make sure all the connections are correctly and tightly b. Switch off the circuit after taking the reading to avoid over heating of the wires (resistance increase) c. Make sure our eyes perpendicular to the reading of ammeter / voltmeter to avoid parallax error 4 Heat a. Stirred the liquid constantly, so the temperature rises evenly b. Aluminium block must be wrapped with insulating material to prevent heat lost c. Thermometer bulb should be smeared with oil to give better thermal contact with the block d. Make sure our eyes perpendicular to the reading of thermometer to avoid parallax error 5 Measuring instrument such as ammeter, voltmeter, meter rule etc. Make sure our eyes perpendicular to the reading of... (instrument) to avoid parallax error 47

48 SBP 2012 PAPER 3 (SECTION A NO. 2) 1. A student carries out an experiment to determine the electromotive force, E and the internal resistance, r of a dry cell. The student uses four resistors with different values of resistance, R but the same number of dry cells and e.m.f, E of the cell. Diagram

49 (a) Based on the graph as shown on Diagram 1.1; (i) State the relationship between and R. 1 I... (ii) Determine the value of 1 I, when the R = 0 Ω. Show on the graph, how you determine 1 I. (iii) The value of 1 I, when the R = 0 Ω is given by the formula where r is the internal resistance of the cell. Calculate r. 1 I 0.4r, (b) The electromotive force, E, of the cell is given by the formula, the graph. [2marks] 1 m, where, m, is the gradient of E (i) Calculate the gradient, m, of the graph. m =... [3 marks] 49

50 (ii) By using your answer in b(i), determine the value of emf, E. (c) State two precautions that can be taken to improve the accuracy of the reading in this experiment TOTAL 12 marks 50

51 EXTRA QUESTION 2. A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the length, l, of an elastic cord pulling a trolley and the acceleration, a, of the trolley as it moves down an inclined plane. The experiment is carried out using a ticker-timer and ticker-tape. The results of this experiment are shown in the graph of a against l in Diagram 2.1. Graph of a against l Diagram

52 (a) Based on the graph as shown on Diagram 2.1; (i) What happens to a as l increases?... (ii) Determine the value of l0 when a = 0 m s 2. Show on the graph how you determine the value of l0. l0 = (b) (i) Calculate the gradient, h, of the graph. Show on the graph how you determine h. h =... [3 marks] (ii) The spring constant, k, of the spring can be determined by the following formula: k = mh where h is the gradient of the graph and m is the mass of the trolley. In the experiment, m = 0.7 kg. Calculate the value of k. k =... [3 marks] 52

53 (c) The student repeats the experiment using another trolley of mass, m = 0.8 kg and the same elastic cord is pulled to a length, l = 0.15 m. k Using the formula a = ( - o) and the value of k in 14(b)(ii), calculate the acceleration, a, of m the trolley. a =... (d) State one precaution that can be taken to increase the accuracy of the experiment.... TOTAL 12 marks 53

54 TRIAL NEGERI KELANTAN A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the image distance, v, and the linear magnification, M of a convex lens. The result of experiment is shown in Diagram 3.1. Diagram

55 (a) (i) What happen to M as v increases?... (ii) Determine the value of v when M = 0. Show on the graph how you determine the value of v. v :... (b) The focal length of the lens is given by the formula f = k, where k, is the gradient of the graph V against M. (i) Calculate the gradient, k, of graph. Show on the graph how you calculate the value of k. k =... [3 marks] (ii) Using the formula P 1 f, and the value of k in 3(b)(i), calculate the value of P. (c) The magnification of image, M is 2.5. (i) Based on the graph in Diagram 3.1 determine the image distance, v. Show on your graph how you determine v. v :... 55

56 (ii) The formula of lens is given by; 1 f 1 1 u v. Calculate the object distance, u. (d) State one precaution that can be taken to improve the accuracy of the reading in this experiment.... TOTAL 12 marks 56

57 TRIAL NEGERI SELANGOR A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the distance between two loudspeakers, a, and the distance between two consecutive loud sounds, x. The distance between the speakers and the location where the sound is detected, D, is 5.0 cm. Diagram 4.1 The results of the experiment are shown in the graph x against (a) Based on the graph in Diagram 4.2; (i) State the relationship between x and 1 a. 1 a in Diagram (ii) Determine the value of x if a = 2.0 m. x =... [3 marks] 57

58 (iii) Calculate the gradient, m, of the graph. Show on the graph how you determine the gradient of the graph. m =... (b) Using the value of the gradient obtained in 4(a)(iii) and the equation ax = D [3 marks], calculate the wavelength of the sound waves, λ, used in this experiment. [4 marks] (e) State one precaution that can be taken to improve the accuracy of the readings in this experiment.... TOTAL 12 marks 58

59 Diagram

60 EXTRA QUESTION 5. Diagram 5 shows a graph of IC against IB of an experiment to investigate relationship between the base current and collector current. I C against I B Diagram 5 60

61 (a) (i) Based on the graph, State the relationship between IC and IB. (ii)... Determine the value of IC if IB = 3.0 μa (iii) Calculate the gradient of the graph, m. Show on the graph how you determine the gradient [3 marks] m =... [3 marks] (b) Given by the following equation : Where, IE is the emitter current IC is the collector current IB is the base current I C I E = I B Using the value of gradient of graph, m obtained in a(iii), calculate the emitter current. IE =... [4 marks] (e) State one precaution that should be taken for this experiment.... TOTAL 12 marks 61

62 PLANNING EXPERIMENT INFERENCE RV depends on MV HYPHOTESIS AIM MV increase, RV increase OR MV increase, RV decrease To investigate the relationship between.mv.. and.rv. VARIABLES MV : RV : FV : LIST OF APPARATUS ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS PROCEDURE TABULATE DATA MV RV ANALYSING DATA RV MV 62

63 INERTIA: Time taken for one complete oscillation // Period PRESSURE IN LIQUID: Different height in manometer VOLUME OF GAS: Length of mercury or sulfuric acid // Length of trapped air STRENGTH OF ELECTROMAGNET: Number of pins attracted SPEED OF ROTATION: Height of magnet bar released BRIGHTER: Current flow 63

64 Experiment based on instrument: NO. INSTRUMENTS EXPERIMENT Pendulum Simple pendulum Hacksaw blade Inertia Thistle funnel Pressure in liquid Slotted weight, spring Hooke s law Ticker tape Marble, lead shot, measuring cylinder Eureka can Syringe Round bottom flask, bourdon gauge Sulphuric acid Beaker, pin Glass block, ray box Mirror, ray box Speakers, sound generator Pins, solenoid F=ma Buoyant force Buoyant force Boyle's law Pressure law Charles' law real +apparent depth refraction of light reflection of light Interference of sound strength of electromagnet 64

65 EXAMPLE 1 Diagram 1.1 shows a diver is diving in swimming pool. Diagram 1.2 shows the same diver is diving in sea water. He dives at the same depth, but he feels his ear sick when he diving in the sea water. Diagram 1.1 Diagram 1.2 CAUSE CLUE (MV) 1. Swimming pool & sea water 2. Different density (ear sick) 3. Pressure increase 4. Same depth Density EFFECT (RV) Pressure (different height in manometer) EXPERIMENT PRESSURE IN LIQUID 65

66 EXAMPLE 2 Diagram 2 shows two similar coffee maker A and B, containing different amount of coffee on similar hot plates stove. The coffee makers are heated by turning on the power supply of the hot plate. After few minutes, it was observed that the coffee in coffee maker B is hotter than the coffee in coffee maker A. Diagram 2 CLUE 1. Two similar coffee 2. Different amount of coffee 3. Similar hot plates stove CAUSE (MV) Mass EFFECT (RV) Change of temperature EXPERIMENT HEAT ( Q mc ) 66

67 Diagram 3.1 shows Amin points the laser to the plane mirror and sees the reflected ray at point A. In Diagram 3.2, he points the laser with different angle and sees the reflected ray at point B. EXAMPLE 3 Diagram 3.1 Diagram 3.2 CLUE CAUSE (MV) EFFECT (RV) 1. Same plane mirror 2. Different incident angle, different reflected angle Incidence angle Reflected angle EXPERIMENT REFLECTION OF LIGHT 67

68 EXAMPLE 4 Diagram 4.1 and Diagram 4.2 show water is drop at constant rate into large containers. The cross section of the water waves formed from the droplets in the containers are shown in the diagrams. Diagram 4.1 Diagram 4.2 CLUE 1. Water is drop at constant rate. 2. Diagram 4.2 deeper 3. Diagram 4.1 shallow 4. Depth increase, wavelength increase CAUSE (MV) Depth EFFECT (RV) Wavelenght EXPERIMENT REFRACTION OF WAVE 68

69 EXAMPLE 5 Diagram 5.1 shows a bicycle s dynamo which has a magnet and a coil of insulated copper wire. The output of the dynamo is connected to a bicycle lamp. The lamp will light up when the cylindrical magnet is rotated by turning the wheel. Diagram 5.2 shows the light gets brighter when the wheel turns faster. Diagram 5.1 Diagram 5.2 CLUE 1. Dynamo (electromagnetic induction) 2. Wheel turns faster, light gets brighter 3. Turns faster (increase in rotation) height of magnet bar release 4. Brighter current CAUSE (MV) Height of magnet bar release EFFECT (RV) Induced Current EXPERIMENT ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION 69

70 1. Diagram 1.1 and Diagram 1.2 show the conditions of identical metal boxes which are used to cover a camera, tied to a big catfish in a river water and to a small shark in the sea water. Diagram 1.1 Diagram 1.2 The metal box tied to the small shark is more crumple. With the use of apparatus such as a thistle funnel, measuring cylinder and other apparatus, describe one experiment to investigate the hypothesis stated above. 2. Diagram 2.1 shows a bulb which lights up when it is connected to one dry cell. Diagram 2.2 shows the condition of the same bulb light up more brighter when it is connected to two dry cells. Diagram 2.1 Diagram 2.2 With the use of apparatus such as ammeter, voltmeter and other suitable apparatus, describe an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated above. 70

71 3. Diagram 3.1 shows shed A lighted up by a lamp connected to a battery using a short connecting wire. Diagram 3.2 shows shed B lighted up by a lamp connected to a battery using a long connecting wire. Diagram 3.1 Diagram 3.2 With the use of apparatus such as an ammeter, wire conductor and other apparatus, describe an experimental framework to test your hypothesis. 4. Diagram 4.1 shows a gentle breeze blowing the blades of a dynamo. Diagram 4.2 shows a strong wind blowing the same dynamo blades. Diagram 4.1 Diagram 4.2 With the use of apparatus such as magnet bar, solenoid and other suitable apparatus describe one experiment to investigate the hypothesis stated in above. If it doesn t CHALLENGE you It doesn t CHANGE you 71