Cambridge IGCSE Science. Syllabus 0654 for 2016 Exam

Transcription

1 Cambridge IGCSE Science Syllabus 0654 for 2016 Exam

2 What is in this revision guide? 1. A topic checklist: here you can find the names of all of the topics we cover. You can tick them off when we do them in class, when you have completed the revision guide for the topic and when you have studied them at home. The next sections are the revision guide: There are questions you should answer that will give you a full set of notes for the whole of IGCSE Science. 2. Biology revision pages 3. Chemistry revision pages 4. Physics revision pages Any grey shaded boxes show content from the extended syllabus (for the harder Paper 3 exam)

3 0654 Topic list B1. Characteristics of Living Organisms B2. Cells B3. Enzymes B4. Nutrition B5. Transportation B6. Respiration B7. Coordination and Response B8. Reproduction B9. Inheritance B10. Energy Flow in Ecosystems B11. Human Influences on the Ecosystem C1. The Particulate Nature of Matter C2. Experimental Techniques C3. Atoms, Elements and Compounds C4. Stoichiometry C5. Electricity and Chemistry C6. Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions C7. Chemical Reactions C8. Acids, Bases and Salts C9. The Periodic Table C10. Metals C11. Air and Water C12. Sulphur C13. Carbonates C14. Organic Chemistry Covered in class Revision guide completed Studied at home P1. Motion P2. Matter and Forces P3. Energy, Work and Power P4. Simple Kinetic Molecular Model of Matter P5. Matter and Thermal Properties P6. Transfer of Thermal Energy P7. Waves P8. Light P9. Electromagnetic Spectrum P10. Sound P11. Magnetism P12. Electricity P13. Electric Circuits P14. Electromagnetic Effects P15. Radioactivity

4 distance speed distance speed distance speed Physics Page 66 P1 Define: Speed: Velocity: Complete the speed formula and triangle Speed = x Complete the velocity formula and triangle Velocity = x Sketch the distance/time graph for these different types of motion At rest (stopped) Moving with a constant speed Moving with a changing speed time time time Sketch the speed/time graph for these different types of motion At rest (stopped) Moving with a constant speed Moving with a changing speed time time time

5 Physics Page 67 What does the area under a speed/time graph tell you? Define acceleration. State the units Complete the acceleration formula and triangle Acceleration: Units: Acceleration = x Give examples of where acceleration may be constant and not constant Constant Not constant P2 Define and state the units of mass and weight (Remember the formula should only be used when acceleration is constant) Mass: Units: Weight: Complete the mass and weight formula and triangle (for Earth) Units: Weight = x

6 Physics Page 68 Define density and write some units Complete the density formula and triangle Density: Units: Density = x Write a method you could use to find the volume (and density) of these objects A liquid A cube A key (Images: Microsoft Office for Mac Clipart) State the unit of force? Describe some effects a force may have on an object. Calculate the resultant force on these diagrams. What will happen to the object? 6N Resultant force The object will 2N 6N Resultant force The object will 6N

7 Physics Page 69 What two things 1. can happen to an object when the forces are balanced? 2. (a system in equilibrium) Sketch an extension load graph State Hooke s Law What is the limit of proportionality for an extension load graph? Complete the equation for Hooke s Law Force = x Complete the equation and triangle that relate force, mass and acceleration. Force = x Which of these animals will exert more pressure on the ground and why?(images: Microsoft Office for Mac Clipart) or

8 Physics Page 70 Complete the pressure formula and triangle Pressure = x P3 State the unit of Name an object that has the following forms of energy Complete the following equations Define the principal of conservation of energy Energy Work Power Kinetic Gravitational Chemical Strain Nuclear Thermal (heat) Electrical Light Sound Kinetic Energy = Potential Energy =

9 Physics Page 71 Complete these diagrams to show the energy changes that take place Chemical energy In the candle (Images: Microsoft Office for Mac Clipart) In the context of energy transfer define efficiency Complete the formula for efficiency Draw a Sankey diagram to show what happens in a toaster where for every 100J of electricity it uses 60J are converted into heat. State the difference between renewable and non-renewable methods of electricity generation State (and explain) the main source of our energy resources Efficiency (%) =

10 Physics Page 72 Waves Energy changes Advantages Disadvantages Tidal Energy changes Advantages Disadvantages Hydroelectric Energy changes Advantages Disadvantages

11 Physics Page 73 Geothermal Energy changes Advantages Disadvantages Nuclear fission Energy changes Advantages Disadvantages Solar cells and panels Energy changes Advantages Disadvantages

12 Physics Page 74 Wind Energy changes Advantages Disadvantages Define: Work: Define: Complete the Work formula and triangle Power: Work = x Complete the Power formula and triangle Power = x

13 Physics Page 75 P4 Write the properties of the following states of matter. Draw a diagram of the particles Solid Liquid Gas Describe what happens to the particles of a gas as the temperature is increased Describe what happens to the particles of a gas as the pressure is increased Describe how a change in temperature effects the pressure of a gas at a constant volume Complete the pressure and volume equation Define pv = Evaporation:

14 Physics Page 76 Explain why evaporation leads to cooling Explain how the following affect rate of evaporation Temperature Surface area Air flow (Wind) P5 Describe and explain what happens to solids, liquids and gases when they are heated (You can draw diagrams) Describe some everyday examples of how thermal expansion can affect us Describe the effect of temperature on the volume of a gas at constant pressure

15 Physics Page 77 Outline an experiment to measure the specific heat capacity of a substance (you can use diagrams) Complete this formula that includes specific heat capacity Describe these processes Energy (J) = Melting Boiling Condenstation Solidification Define Melting point Boiling point What happens to the temperature of a substance at its melting and boiling point? Melting point Boiling point

16 Physics Page 78 Why does this happen? Explain the difference between boiling and evaporation Describe the following Latent heat of fusion Latent heat of vaporisation P6 Outline an experiment to find out if a substance is a good or bad conductor of heat (you can use diagrams) Describe how heat is transferred in solids during conduction What is the main heat transfer method in fluids (liquids or gases) Describe an experiment to show a convection current (write about density) Which method of heat transfer does not require a medium? (particles) Describe an experiment to show how well a container absorbs radiation

17 Physics Page 79 Describe an experiment to show how well a container emits radiation Complete this sentence Give two examples of everyday consequences/uses of conduction, convection and radiation P7 and P8 Complete this sentence Infra red radiation is part of the spectrum. A wave transfers e motion without transferring m in the direction of its Draw/explain some simple experiments to show wave motion Label this diagram of a wave (include amplitude, wavelength, peak, trough) Define State the difference between transverse and longitudinal waves and give an example of each. Frequency Unit:

18 Physics Page 80 Complete the wave v = speed formula and triangle x What happens to a wave when it hits a plane barrier? What can happen to a wave if its speed changes? Describe the characteristics of an image seen in a plane mirror Complete this diagram to show reflection of light by a plane mirror (include names of rays, angles and the Normal) Complete the law of reflection Complete this diagram to show what happens when a ray of light is shone through a glass block (label angles of incidence and refraction) Angle of incidence = plane mirror Glass block

19 Physics Page 81 What is this called? In terms of total internal reflection, what is the critical angle? Draw diagrams to show what happens when the angle of incidence is smaller than, the same as, and greater than the critical angle. Draw a diagram to show total internal reflection in a fibre optic cable. Name 2 uses of these cables. Complete this ray diagram to show what happens to light as it passes through a converging lens. Label the principal focus and focal length. Define Real image Virtual image

20 Physics Page 82 Complete this diagram to show the dispersion of white light by a prism. Label all colours. P9 What is the electromagnetic spectrum? What is the speed of waves in the EMS in vacuo (in a vacuum)? Describe 2 uses of the following waves on the EMS Radio waves Microwaves Infra-red X-rays Describe the dangers of the following waves and how they can be minimised P10 What is sound caused by? Why can t sound travel through a vacuum? Draw a diagram of a sound wave showing compressions and rarefactions. Microwaves X Rays

21 Physics Page 83 Describe an experiment to measure the speed of sound in air Label these diagrams to show which is a soft sound and which one is loud Label these diagrams to show which sound is high pitch, and which one lower pitch What is an echo? State the speed of sound in air, liquids and solids. Explain why this changes Air: Liquids: Solids:

22 Physics Page 84 P11 Describe the properties of magnets Sketch the field lines around a bar magnet N S What is the difference between the magnetic properties of iron and steel? State some uses of permanent magnets State some uses of electromagnets Describe how to induce magnetism

23 Physics Page 85 P12 and P13 Draw and explain 3 diagrams to show the production and effects of electrical charges (think about balloons, etc.) Complete these sentences Like charges will each other Opposite charges will each other Define and give examples of the following Electrical conductor: Example Electrical insulator: Example

24 Physics Page 86 Define the following and state their units Current Unit: Potential difference: Unit: Resistance: Unit e.m.f. State the unit of charge What is an electric field? Complete the current formula and triangle Unit: I = x Complete the formula and triangle relating resistance, potential difference and current R = x Draw the symbols of the following circuit components Wire/cable Bulb Cell

25 Battery Ammeter Voltmeter Switch Physics Page 87 Resistor (fixed) Variable resistor Fuse Magnetising coil (Solenoid) Bell Relay Transformer Draw a circuit that includes an ammeter to measure current through a bulb Draw a circuit that includes an voltmeter to measure potential difference of a bulb Define e.m.f. Draw a simple series circuit with 2 bulbs and a cell

26 Physics Page 88 State the rule about the current in series circuit State the rule about voltage in a series circuit Draw a simple parallel circuit with 2 bulbs and a cell State the rule about the current in a parallel circuit State the rule about voltage in a parallel circuit Describe the resistance of two resistors connected in parallel What are the advantages of connecting bulbs in parallel? Where are these circuits used? Describe the action of thermistors Describe the action of light dependent resistors Draw an example of a circuit with a relay

27 Physics Page 89 Describe the use of a circuit as a light sensitive switch Describe the use of circuits as temperature sensitive alarms Name and explain 3 electrical hazards Describe how and where fuses are useful Describe how and where circuit breakers are used P14 Describe an experiment that shows that a changing magnetic field can induce an e.m.f. in a circuit. State the factors affecting the magnitude of an induced e.m.f. Describe how this rotating-coil generator works (explain the use of slip rings) (image: :Elementary_generator.svg)

28 Complete this graph of voltage output and time of an a.c. generator What is a transformer? Describe where transformers are used. Complete this equation Complete this equation (for 100% efficiency) Explain why less energy is lost when voltages are higher. Draw or describe the magnetic field for a straight wire Draw or describe the magnetic field for a solenoid Describe the effect on the magnetic field of changing the magnitude of the current. Describe the effect on the magnetic field of changing the direction of the current Voltage Output Vp = Vs VpIp = Physics Page 90 time

29 Physics Page 91 Describe some uses of the magnetic field of a current Describe and an experiment to show that a force acts on a currentcarrying conductor in a magnetic field Describe the effect of reversing the current in this experiment Describe the effect of reversing the direction of the field What does the right hand rule in physics tell you? Add information to this diagram. (image: By Jfmelero (Own work) [GFDL ( or CC BY-SA ( via Wikimedia Commons) Draw and describe how a d.c. motor works

30 Physics Page 92 Describe and an experiment to show that a force acts on a currentcarrying conductor in a magnetic field Describe the effect of reversing the current in this experiment Describe the effect of reversing the direction of the field What does the Left hand rule in physics tell you? Add information to this diagram. (Image: By Jfmelero (Own work) [CC BY- SA 3.0 ( or GFDL ( via Wikimedia Commons) Draw and describe how a d.c. motor works What is the effect on the motor of increasing the number of turns? What is the effect of increasing the current?

31 Physics Page 93 P15 Define background radiation? Complete this table about the three types of radiation What is it? Method(s) of detection Alpha Beta Gamma Define radioactive decay Write an equation to show what happens to the nucleus of an atom in radioactive decay Can it penetrate air? Paper? Thin metal? Lead? Uses Describe their ionising effects Deflection in an electric field Deflection in a magnetic field

32 Physics Page 94 Define half life Label the half life of the radioactive substance in this graph (Image: By Kurt Rosenkrantz [CC-BY-SA-3.0 ( icenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons) Describe the hazards of radiation to living things Describe how risks are minimised with radioactive materials during Storage Use/Handling Describe the composition of the nucleus of an atom Which letter can be used to represent Proton number? Nucleon number?

33 Physics Page 95 Define isotope Give 2 practical uses/applications of isotopes Define nuclide Complete this nuclide notation X Give an example of some nuclides of Carbon Here is a summary table for radioactive decay equations (source: m.es/p/topic-10-f5.html) Use the above table to: 1. Complete this equation to show the Alpha decay of Uranium Complete these equation to show the Alpha decay of Uranium 238