Theodoros Gaitanos ECT*,
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1 Spectator & participant decay in HIC Theodoros Gaitanos Introduction Theoretical aspects RBUU, relativistic mean-fields, momentum dependence within RMF Equilibration & temperature determination in HIC Participant matter Spectator matter Final remarks
2 Introduction Main subject of the workshop Properties of Low density warm matter relevant for nuclear astrophysics
3 Introduction Main subject of the workshop Properties of low density warm matter relevant for nuclear astrophysics HIC: Heavy-Ion Collisions Λ,Σ,π,Κ,... In-medium clusterization: can be studied in terestrial laboratories (HIC)? Λ,Σ,π,Κ,...
4 Introduction Main subject of the workshop Properties of low density warm matter relevant for nuclear astrophysics HIC: Heavy-Ion Collisions Λ,Σ,π,Κ,... Λ,Σ,π,Κ,... In-medium clusterization: Conditions of fragment formation? (density, temperature) (local) thermal equilibrium? Fragment formation in transport models?
5 Theoretical description of HIC Non-Equilibrium dynamics: relativistic transport equation GiBUU: Phys. Reports 512 (2012) & RBUU: Nucl. Phys. A732 ('04) 24 single-particle phase-space; p,n,mesons (π,k,...), hyperons (Λ,Σ,Ξ,Ω) Standard Relativistic Mean-Field (RMF) Non-linear Walecka model (soft EoS) Lalazissis, et al., PL B671 ('09) 36.
6 Theoretical description of HIC Non-Equilibrium dynamics: relativistic transport equation GiBUU: Phys. Reports 512 (2012) & RBUU: Nucl. Phys. A732 ('04) 24 single-particle phase-space; p,n,mesons (π,k,...), hyperons (Λ,Σ,Ξ,Ω) Standard Relativistic Mean-Field (RMF) Non-linear Walecka model (soft EoS) Lalazissis, et al., PL B671 ('09) 36. Attention: momentum-dependence not correct!
7 In-medium nucleon optical potentials Typel, Rield, Wolter, NPA709 ('02) 299 Cooper et al., PRC47 ('93) 297 ρ=ρsat
8 In-medium nucleon optical potentials RM F ρ=ρsat
9 ρ=ρsat DD In-medium nucleon optical potentials
10 Theoretical description of HIC Non-Equilibrium dynamics: relativistic transport equation GiBUU: Phys. Reports 512 (2012) & RBUU: Nucl. Phys. A732 ('04) 24 single-particle phase-space; p,n,mesons (π,k,...), hyperons (Λ,Σ,Ξ,Ω) Standard Relativistic Mean-Field (RMF) Non-linear Walecka model (soft EoS) Lalazissis, et al., PL B671 ('09) 36. Attention: momentum-dependence not correct! Momentum-Dependent (MD) Relativistic Mean-Field model: Non-Linear Derivative (NLD) approach MD-regulators in RMF-interactions NLD resolves issues with wrong MDI of p-nucleus (!) and (!) p-nucleus Uopt T.G. & M. Kaskulov, Nucl. Phys. A899 (2013)
11 NLD: nucleon opt. potentials ρ=ρsat NLD T.G. & M. Kaskulov, Nucl. Phys. A899 ('13)
12 (local) equilibrium & temperature determination d,t,a,...,λ,σ,π,κ,... d,t,a,...,λ,σ,π,κ,...
13 t=0 fm/c density profiles t=10 fm/c t=20 fm/c t=50 fm/c
14 HIC: central t=0 fm/c collisions density profiles Local momentum distributions t=10 fm/c center beam t=20 fm/c t=50 fm/c
15 HIC: central t=0 fm/c collisions density profiles local momentum distributions t=10 fm/c center beam t=20 fm/c t=50 fm/c
16 HIC: central t=0 fm/c collisions density profiles local momentum distributions t=10 fm/c center beam t=20 fm/c t=50 fm/c
17 Determinations of local temperatures in HIC * Fit of local momentum RBUU-distr. f(x,p) to covariant Fermidistributions * local 4-velocity and currents from RBUU calculation * Chemical potential obtained during the fit procedure via baryon number conservation local temperature T=T(x,t) unique parameter, determined from RBUU * In case of local anisotropic distributions fit to a 2-Fermi-ellipsoid Fuchs, Essler, T.G., Wolter, Nucl. Phys. A626 ('97)
18 Determinations of local temperatures in HIC
19 Determinations of local temperatures in HIC RBUU
20 Determinations of local temperatures in HIC RBUU fit
21 fireball properties & decay d,t,a,...,λ,σ,π,κ,... d,t,a,...,λ,σ,π,κ,...
22 Densities & temperatures in participant matter
23 Densities & temperatures in participant matter Where are the fragments? When fluctuations set in?
24 Densities & temperatures in participant matter Where are the fragments? When fluctuations set in?
25 Fragment formation in participant matter Coalescence in coordinate (R) & momentum (P) space Parameters R & P fixed to exp. charge distributions
26 Fragment formation in participant matter Comparison with data (FOPI) Santini, T.G., Colonna, Di Toro, Nucl. Phys. A756 ('05)
27 Fragment formation in participant matter When pre-fragments are formed? Very early formation of heavy fragments? (consistent with QMD-SACA studies)
28 Fragment formation in participant matter Strong radial collective flow pattern! Available energy energy of collective flow T.G., Wolter, Fuchs, Phys. Lett. B478 ('00) 79-85
29 Fragment formation in participant matter Strong radial collective flow pattern! Available energy energy of collective flow T.G., Wolter, Fuchs, Phys. Lett. B478 ('00) 79-85
30 Density & temperature evolution at the center
31 spectator properties & decay d,t,a,...,λ,σ,π,κ,... d,t,a,...,λ,σ,π,κ,...
32 Spectator matter: equilibrated system Anisotropy ratio Q=PL/Ptr in spect. Giessen-RBUU calculations T.G., Lenske, Mosel, Phys. Lett. B663 (2008) 197 & Phys. Lett. B675 (2009) 297
33 Spectator matter: equilibrated system Anisotropy ratio Q=PL/Ptr in spect. Giessen-RBUU calculations Local pressures PL, Ptr, München-RBUU calculations Fuchs, Essler, T.G., Wolter, Nucl. Phys. A626 ('97)
34 Spectator matter: densities & temperatures Fuchs, Essler, T.G., Wolter, Nucl. Phys. A626 ('97)
35 Spectator matter: densities & temperatures ρ~1/3 ρsat T~5-7 MeV Fuchs, Essler, T.G., Wolter, Nucl. Phys. A626 ('97)
36 GiBUU+SMM: spectator fragmentation in X+X... Λ Λ πσ π π π Λ ΛΚ absolute yields from spectator fragmentation in (ALADIN-data) T.G., Lenske, Mosel, Phys. Lett. B663 (2008) 197 Phys. Lett. B675 (2009) 297
37 GiBUU+SMM: spectator fragmentation in X+X... Λ Λ πσ π π π Λ ΛΚ absolute yields from spectator fragmentation in (ALADIN-data) fragment velocity spectra in data: Henzlova, PRC78, T.G., Lenske, Mosel, Phys. Lett. B663 (2008) 197 Phys. Lett. B675 (2009) 297
38 Final remarks Dynamics in HIC within RBUU Reliable for 1-body dynamics (flows, stopping, particle production) (attention on momentum dependence in RMF) predictions: onset of instabilities & (local) equilibration fragments: coalescence or SMM (here: Botvina/Mishustin/Bondorf) Participant decay violent dynamics (collective radial expansion) but: local thermodynamical description possible! fragment formation dynamical process Spectator decay well-established equilibrium (predicted by two different RBUU codes) ρ~1/3ρsat & T~5MeV corresponds to conditions in supernovae dynamics Fragmentation consistent with experiments (ALADIN)
39 Backup slides
40 X+X-Reactions, spectators: GiBUU SMM... Λ Λ πσ π π π Λ ΛΚ SMM Def. ofspectators Y(0)>0.75 +ρ>ρsat/100 Spectators Well defined conditions after onset of instability Spectators and onset of equilibration T.G., Lenske, Mosel, Phys. Lett. B663 (2008) 197 & Phys. Lett. B675 (2009) 297
41 In a C.M. cell U + 238U,1AGeV, b = 7 fm 238 Exotic matter over 10 fm/c?
42 PANDA: data: PRC63, p ΛΛ Κ,Kπ ΞΞ Ξ ΛΛ Overal good description of different fragment multiplicities T.G., Larionov, Lenske, Mosel, Nucl.Phys. A881 ECT*, (2012) 240
43 HypHI: Λ Λ πσ π Coal.: Coal. momentum coalescence for Λ close to spectators π π Λ ΛΚ T.G., Lenske, Mosel, Phys. Lett. B663 (2008) 197 Phys. Lett. B675 (2009) 297 Estimate: Estimate projectile/target fragmentation: σ(3hλ, 4,5 HeΛ) ~ (6-10)µb
44 p+x-reactions: switch from GiBUU SMM... p Def. Of residual source particles with ρ>ρsat/100
45 p+x-reactions: switch from GiBUU SMM... SMM SMM p SMM Def. Of residual source particles with ρ>ρsat/100
46 GiBUU+SMM: Fragmentation in p+x... p data J. Benlliure et al., Nucl. Phys. A683 (2001) 513. F. Rejmund et al., Nucl. Phys. A683 (2001) 540 (Saclay) S. Leray et al., PRC65, T.G., Lenske, Mosel, Phys. Lett. B663 (2008) 197 Phys. Lett. B675 (2009) 297
47 PANDA: p ΛΛ Κ,Kπ ΞΞ Ξ ΛΛ E* = Ep+(Mtarg-Btarg)Atarg-(Mres-Bres)Ares-Eem-Erec data: PRC63, Good description of excitation energy spectrum T.G., Larionov, Lenske, Mosel, Nucl.Phys. A881 ECT*, (2012) 240
48 NLD: nucleon opt. potentials RMF-scaled T.G., Kaskulov & Lenske, PL B703 (2011) 193 RM F antiproton-nucleus T.G. & M. Kaskulov, Nucl. Phys. A899 ('13) proton-nucleus T.G., Kaskulov, Nucl. Phys. A878 (2012) 49
49 Application-I: Fragmentation in GeV (energy spectra ) neutrons Final Result: Hybrid GiBUU+SMM Asymptotic final state (SMM): Statistical decay of excited source Pre-Equilibrium (GiBUU): high-energy n-emission, QE-peak data: S. Leray et al., PRC65, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. (2009), in press (arxiv: )
50 Getting started: Spectator fragmentation at GeV Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. (2009), in press Phys. Lett. B (2008), submitted
51 New initialization: Binding energy & rms-radius in BUU Old initialization new initialization RTF-binding energy Old initialization new initialization
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