Zernike Polynomials and their Spectral Representation
|
|
- Grace Morrison
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Proceedings of the 3 International Conference on Electronics, Signal Processing and Communication Systems Zernie Polynomials and their Spectral Representation Miroslav Vlce Department of Applied Mathematics Faculty of Transportation Sciences Czech Technical University Prague, Czech Republic vlce@fd.cvut.cz Pavel Sova Department of Circuit Theory Faculty of Electrical Engineering Czech Technical University Prague, Czech Republic sova@fel.cvut.cz Abstract The Zernie polynomials Z m n (ρ, ϕ) are nown in optical physics, and they are used for the various diffractions and aberrations problems of lenses. They are defined on a circle, so that their representation decouples radial and axial coordinates. It is now that the Zernie radial polynomials R m n (ρ) are represented through Jacobi polynomials. This paper deals with Chebyshev expansions for Jacobi polynomials. We have developed the recursive evaluation for spectral coefficients used in these expansions. These consequently provide a straightforward interpretation of Fourier transform of Zernie polynomials. I. INTRODUCTION The conventional representation of Zernie radial polynomials gives unsatisfactory results for large values of degree n [3]. Some methods employ the recurrence relations [6], the other [] suggests an algorithm in the form of discrete cosine transform which overcomes other methods in terms of accuracy. Nevertheless, the final formula represents an integral whose evaluation is performed using uniform sampling of the integrand. The proposed Chebyshev expansion of Jacobi polynomials Pn α,β (x) results directly in spectral coefficients of Rn m (ρ) without need of using discrete Fourier transform. Jacobi polynomials n (x) are defined as [7] n m= ( n + α m ) ( ) n + β n m () (x ) n m (x + ) m and they satisfy the self-adjoined differential equation [ d ( x) α+ ( + x) β+ d ] dx dx P n α,β (x) +n (n + + α + β)( x) α ( + x) β Pn α,β (x) =. Later, we will use Jacobi polynomials for radial part Rn m (ρ) of the Zernie polynomials { Zn m Rn m (ρ) cos mϕ (ρ, ϕ) = Rn m (3) (ρ) sin mϕ, () Based on () we can derived for y(x) Pn α,β (x) a standard form of the Jacobi differential equation [7] as ( x )y (x) [(α + β + )x + α β]y (x) +n(n + + α + β)y(x) =. (4) In order to represent Jacobi polynomials through the Chebyshev expansions Pn α,β (x) = a (α,β) (l)t l (x). (5) b (α,β) (l)u l (x), (6) where T l (x), and U l (x) are Chebyshev polynomials of the first, and second ind, respectively, we have developed recursive evaluation of the spectral coefficients a (α,β) (l) and b (α,β) (l). A. Recursive algorithm-i Inserting in (4) y(x) = a (α,β) (l)t l (x), (7) after considerable algebra we obtain the three-point recursive formulae which are concisely summarized in Table I. The algorithm for the coefficients a (α,β) (l) was used for evaluating Jacobi polynomials (5). Two numerical results for Jacobi polynomials P (.5,.75) 8 (x) and P (7,) (x) are summarized in Table II. Note, the second polynomial is closely related to Zernie radial polynomial R 7 39(ρ), that we introduce later. B. Recursive algorithm-ii Inserting in (4) y(x) = b (α,β) (l)u l (x), (8) we need to perform quite involved algebra to obtain the fivepoint recursive formulae - Table III. The algorithm for the
2 Proceedings of the 3 International Conference on Electronics, Signal Processing and Communication Systems TABLE II THE COEFFICIENTS a (.5,.75) (l) AND a (7,) (l) OF JACOBI POLYNOMIALS. TABLE IV THE COEFFICIENTS b (.5,.75) (l) AND b (7,) (l) OF JACOBI POLYNOMIALS. l a (.5,.75) (l) a (7,) (l) e e e e e e e e e e e e6 l b (.5,.75) (l) b (7,) (l) e e e e e e e e e e e e x x m Fig.. Jacobi polynomial P (.5,.75) 8 (x) and its coefficients a (.5,.75) (l) from equation (5) m Fig.. Jacobi polynomial P (.5,.75) 8 (x) and its coefficients b (.5,.75) (l) from equation (6). coefficients b (α,β) (l) was used for evaluating Jacobi polynomials (6). Two numerical results for Jacobi polynomials P (.5,.75) 8 (x) and P (7,) (x) are summarized in Table IV. II. ZERNIKE AND JACOBI POLYNOMIALS The radial function Rn m (ρ) (3) of a Zernie polynomial is related to Jacobi polynomials Pn α,β (x) [5] as R m n (ρ) = () ρ m P m, ( ρ ), (9) where = n m must be an integer. Now, we use the recursive algorithm for evaluating the spectral coefficients a (α,β) (l) ( ρ ) = a (α,β) (l)t l ( ρ ), () and then for radial function we have Rn m (ρ) = () () l a (m,) (l) ρ m T l (ρ). () We can also use the spectral coefficients b (α,β) (l) to represent ( ρ ) = b (α,β) (l)u l ( ρ ). () Chebyshev polynomials of the second ind satisfy the identity U l ( ρ ) = () l U l ( ρ ) = () l U l+(ρ), (3) ρ and then for radial function we have alternatively Rn m (ρ) = () () l b (m,) (l) ρ m U l+ (ρ). (4)
3 Proceedings of the 3 International Conference on Electronics, Signal Processing and Communication Systems Using in () identity ρ m T l (ρ) = m m µ= ( m µ ) T l+m µ (ρ), (5) we can evaluate spectral representation c (m,) of the radial polynomial Rn m (ρ) = () () l c (m,) (l)t l+m (ρ). (6) Similarly, using identity m ρ m U l+ (ρ) = (m) µ= ( m µ ) U l+m µ (ρ), (7) in (4), we obtain spectral representation d (m,) of the radial polynomial Rn m (ρ) = () () l d (m,) (l)u l+m (ρ). (8) As the first Jacobi polynomials are P (m,) ( ρ ) =, (9) P (m,) ( ρ ) = (m + ) (m + )ρ, () it is not difficult to mae the crosschec of radial polynomial representations (9) either with (6), or (8). For illustration, we present an explicit method for finding spectral coefficients c (3,) (l) for Zernie radial polynomial R+3 3 (ρ). Actually, R 3 +3(ρ) = () then we substitute for () l a (3,) (l) ρ 3 T l (ρ), () ρ 3 T l (ρ) = 8 [T l 3(ρ) + 3T l (ρ) + 3T l+ (ρ) +T l+3 (ρ)]. () If we collect the coefficients a (3,) (m) that correspond to the same degree l, we obtain a simple algorithm for spectral coefficients c (3,) (l) for l = to + c (3,) (l) = [ a (3,) (l ) 3a (3,) (l) + 3a (3,) (l + ) 8 ] a (3,) (l + ). III. CONCLUSION (3) We have derived a robust evaluation of Zernie radial polynomials which derives its numerical stability from evaluation of spectral coefficients a (α,β) (l), b (α,β) (l). Instead of using discrete Fourier transform we have employed the Chebyshev expansion for a solution of the differential equation for Jacobi polynomials. Suggested method does not require any transformation (DCT or DFT) to get a spectral coefficients and therefore it is computationally efficient and numerically ρ Fig. 3. Jacobi polynomial P (3,) 4 ( ρ ) according to eq. () is closely related to Zernie radial polynomial R 3 (ρ). Corresponding spectral coefficients are () l a (3,) (l) = [ ,.375, , 5.65, ]. stable. We have presented numerical calculation of Jacobi polynomials P (.5,.75) 8 (x), P (7,) (x), and P (3,) 4 ( ρ ). Using these algorithms for Jacobi polynomials we could easily evaluate corresponding Zernie radial polynomials - Figure 4 and 5. Our algorithms provide Zernie radial polynomials of a considerable high degree n. For computation of Zernie radial polynomials Janssen and Dirsen [] used a discrete Fourier (cosine) transform of Chebyshev polynomial of the second ind R m n (ρ) = π π U n (ρ cos θ) cos mθ dθ. (4) Equations () and (4) suggest that the spectral coefficients a (α,β) (l), b (α,β) (l) can be an alternative representation of the above integral (4). ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors wish to than the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic for supporting this research through project GAP//795: Novel selective transforms for nonstationary signal processing. REFERENCES [] T. A. Brummelaar, The Contribution of High Order Zernie Modes to Wavefront Tilt, Optics Communications, 5(995), pp [] A. J. E. M. Janssen, P. Dirsen, Computing Zernie polynomials of arbitrary degree using the discrete Fourier transform, Journal of the European Optical Society - Rapid publications, Vol. (7), 5 (995), pp [3] B. Lewis, J. H. Burge, Fitting High-Order Zernie Polynomials to Finite Data Interferometry XVI: Techniques and Analysis, Proc. of SPIE, vol. 8493, [4] R. W. Gray et al., An analytic expression for the field dependence of Zernie polynomials in rotationally symmetric optical systems, Optics Express, Vol., No. 5, Jul, pp [5] A. Wunsche, Generalized Zernie or disc polynomials, Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 74 (5), pp [6] B. H. Shaibaei, R. Pramesran, Recursive fromula to compute Zernie radial polynomials, Optics Letters, Vol. 38, No. 4, Jul 3, pp [7] M. Abramowitz and I. Stegun I., Handboo of Mathematical Functions, Dover Publications, New Yor Inc., 97. 3
4 Proceedings of the 3 International Conference on Electronics, Signal Processing and Communication Systems.5 R 3 (ρ) R 3 (ρ) Fig. 4. Zernie radial polynomial R 3 (ρ) evaluated by cosine transform as in [] and corresponding evaluation using spectral representation of Jacobi polynomial P (3,) 4 ( ρ ).5 R 7 39 (ρ) R 7 39 (ρ) Fig. 5. Zernie radial polynomial R39 7 (ρ) evaluated by cosine transform as in [] and corresponding evaluation using spectral representation of Jacobi polynomial P (7,) ( ρ ). It is worth noting, that for higher degree n the evaluation of Zernie radial polynomial through spectral representation is free of disturbances for. 4
5 Proceedings of the 3 International Conference on Electronics, Signal Processing and Communication Systems TABLE I RECURSIVE EVALUATION OF SPECTRAL COEFFICIENTS a (α,β) (l) FOR A GENERAL JACOBI POLYNOMIAL a (α,β) (l)t l (x). given initial values n, α, β a (α,β) (n) = (n) Γ(n + α + β + ) Γ(n + )Γ(n + α + β + ) a (α,β) (α β)n (n ) = α + β + n a(α,β) (n) body (for = to n end) a (α,β) (n ) = a (α,β) () a (α,β) ()/ (α β) (n ) ( + ) (α + β + n ) a(α,β) (n ) (n ) (α + β + + ) + ( + ) (α + β + n ) a(α,β) (n ) TABLE III RECURSIVE EVALUATION OF SPECTRAL COEFFICIENTS b (α,β) (l) FOR A GENERAL JACOBI POLYNOMIAL b (α,β) (l)u l (x) given initial values n, α, β b (α,β) (n + ) = b (α,β) (n + ) = b (α,β) (n) = (n) Γ(n + α + β + ) Γ(n + )Γ(n + α + β + ) b (α,β) (n ) = body (for = to n 4 (α β)n α + β + n b(α,β) (n) b (α,β) (n 4) [n(n + ) (n 4)(n ) + ( + 4)(α + β )] = + b (α,β) (n 3) (n + 3)(α β) + b (α,β) (n ) [n(n + ) (n )(n ) + ( + )(α + β )] b (α,β) (n ) (n + )(α β) end) + b (α,β) (n ) [n(n + ) (n )(n + ) + (n + )(α + β )] 5
AOL Spring Wavefront Sensing. Figure 1: Principle of operation of the Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor
AOL Spring Wavefront Sensing The Shack Hartmann Wavefront Sensor system provides accurate, high-speed measurements of the wavefront shape and intensity distribution of beams by analyzing the location and
More informationOrthonormal vector polynomials in a unit circle, Part I: basis set derived from gradients of Zernike polynomials
Orthonormal vector polynomials in a unit circle, Part I: basis set derived from gradients of ernike polynomials Chunyu hao and James H. Burge College of Optical ciences, the University of Arizona 630 E.
More informationd 1 µ 2 Θ = 0. (4.1) consider first the case of m = 0 where there is no azimuthal dependence on the angle φ.
4 Legendre Functions In order to investigate the solutions of Legendre s differential equation d ( µ ) dθ ] ] + l(l + ) m dµ dµ µ Θ = 0. (4.) consider first the case of m = 0 where there is no azimuthal
More informationarxiv: v3 [math.ca] 16 Nov 2010
A note on parameter derivatives of classical orthogonal polynomials Rados law Szmytowsi arxiv:0901.639v3 [math.ca] 16 Nov 010 Atomic Physics Division, Department of Atomic Physics and Luminescence, Faculty
More informationGaussian-Shaped Circularly-Symmetric 2D Filter Banks
Gaussian-Shaped Circularly-Symmetric D Filter Bans ADU MATEI Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications Technical University of Iasi Bldv. Carol I no.11, Iasi 756 OMAIA Abstract: - In this paper we
More informationZernike Polynomials and Beyond
Zernike Polynomials and Beyond "Introduction to Aberrations" ExP x W S O OA R P(x g, ) P z y zg Virendra N. Mahajan The Aerospace Corporation Adjunct Professor El Segundo, California 945 College of Optical
More informationExpansion of 1/r potential in Legendre polynomials
Expansion of 1/r potential in Legendre polynomials In electrostatics and gravitation, we see scalar potentials of the form V = K d Take d = R r = R 2 2Rr cos θ + r 2 = R 1 2 r R cos θ + r R )2 Use h =
More informationChapter 6 Aberrations
EE90F Chapter 6 Aberrations As we have seen, spherical lenses only obey Gaussian lens law in the paraxial approxiation. Deviations fro this ideal are called aberrations. F Rays toward the edge of the pupil
More informationDistortion mapping correction in aspheric null testing
Distortion mapping correction in aspheric null testing M. Novak, C. Zhao, J. H. Burge College of Optical Sciences, 1630 East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ, 85721 ABSTRACT We describe methods to correct
More informationZernike expansion of derivatives and Laplacians of the Zernike circle polynomials
Zernike expansion of derivatives and Laplacians of the Zernike circle polynomials A.J.E.M. Janssen Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 53, 5600
More informationPhase Retrieval for the Hubble Space Telescope and other Applications Abstract: Introduction: Theory:
Phase Retrieval for the Hubble Space Telescope and other Applications Stephanie Barnes College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 sab3@email.arizona.edu Abstract: James R.
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information A: Calculation of radial distribution functions To get an effective propagator in one dimension, we first transform 1) into spherical coordinates: x a = ρ sin θ cos φ, y = ρ sin
More informationAdvanced Computational Fluid Dynamics AA215A Lecture 2 Approximation Theory. Antony Jameson
Advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics AA5A Lecture Approximation Theory Antony Jameson Winter Quarter, 6, Stanford, CA Last revised on January 7, 6 Contents Approximation Theory. Least Squares Approximation
More informationSection 5.2 Series Solution Near Ordinary Point
DE Section 5.2 Series Solution Near Ordinary Point Page 1 of 5 Section 5.2 Series Solution Near Ordinary Point We are interested in second order homogeneous linear differential equations with variable
More informationComparison of Clenshaw-Curtis and Gauss Quadrature
WDS'11 Proceedings of Contributed Papers, Part I, 67 71, 211. ISB 978-8-7378-184-2 MATFYZPRESS Comparison of Clenshaw-Curtis and Gauss Quadrature M. ovelinková Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics
More informationJacobi-Angelesco multiple orthogonal polynomials on an r-star
M. Leurs Jacobi-Angelesco m.o.p. 1/19 Jacobi-Angelesco multiple orthogonal polynomials on an r-star Marjolein Leurs, (joint work with Walter Van Assche) Conference on Orthogonal Polynomials and Holomorphic
More informationPower Series Solutions to the Legendre Equation
Department of Mathematics IIT Guwahati The Legendre equation The equation (1 x 2 )y 2xy + α(α + 1)y = 0, (1) where α is any real constant, is called Legendre s equation. When α Z +, the equation has polynomial
More informationSPECTRAL METHODS: ORTHOGONAL POLYNOMIALS
SPECTRAL METHODS: ORTHOGONAL POLYNOMIALS 31 October, 2007 1 INTRODUCTION 2 ORTHOGONAL POLYNOMIALS Properties of Orthogonal Polynomials 3 GAUSS INTEGRATION Gauss- Radau Integration Gauss -Lobatto Integration
More informationStrehl ratio and optimum focus of high-numerical-aperture beams
Strehl ratio and optimum focus of high-numerical-aperture beams Augustus J.E.M. Janssen a, Sven van Haver b, Joseph J.M. Braat b, Peter Dirksen a a Philips Research Europe, HTC 36 / 4, NL-5656 AE Eindhoven,
More informationUtilizing the Discrete Orthogonality of Zernike Functions in Corneal Measurements
Utilizing the Discrete Orthogonality of Zernike Functions in Corneal Measurements Zoltán Fazekas, Alexandros Soumelidis and Ferenc Schipp Abstract The optical behaviour of the human eye is often characterized
More informationSOME LINEAR RECURRENCES WITH CONSTANT COEFFICIENTS
SOME LINEAR RECURRENCES WITH CONSTANT COEFFICIENTS RICHARD J MATHAR Abstract Linear homogeneous s-order recurrences with constant coefficients of the form a(n) d a(n ) + d 2 a(n 2) + + d sa(n s), n n r,
More informationMathematics 324 Riemann Zeta Function August 5, 2005
Mathematics 324 Riemann Zeta Function August 5, 25 In this note we give an introduction to the Riemann zeta function, which connects the ideas of real analysis with the arithmetic of the integers. Define
More informationNovel selective transform for non-stationary signal processing
Novel selective transform for non-stationary signal processing Miroslav Vlcek, Pavel Sovka, Vaclav Turon, Radim Spetik vlcek@fd.cvut.cz Czech Technical University in Prague Miroslav Vlcek, Pavel Sovka,
More informationLogic and Discrete Mathematics. Section 6.7 Recurrence Relations and Their Solution
Logic and Discrete Mathematics Section 6.7 Recurrence Relations and Their Solution Slides version: January 2015 Definition A recurrence relation for a sequence a 0, a 1, a 2,... is a formula giving a n
More informationLeast Square Approximation with Zernike Polynomials Using SAGE
Least Square Approximation with Zernike Polynomials Using SAGE Institute of Informatics & Automation, IIA Faculty EEEng & CS, Hochschule Bremen, HSB University of Applied Sciences 27. International Conference
More informationLaplace Transform of Spherical Bessel Functions
Laplace Transform of Spherical Bessel Functions arxiv:math-ph/01000v 18 Jan 00 A. Ludu Department of Chemistry and Physics, Northwestern State University, Natchitoches, LA 71497 R. F. O Connell Department
More information1 Isotropic Covariance Functions
1 Isotropic Covariance Functions Let {Z(s)} be a Gaussian process on, ie, a collection of jointly normal random variables Z(s) associated with n-dimensional locations s The joint distribution of {Z(s)}
More informationInverse Polynomial Images which Consists of Two Jordan Arcs An Algebraic Solution
Inverse Polynomial Images which Consists of Two Jordan Arcs An Algebraic Solution Klaus Schiefermayr Abstract Inverse polynomial images of [ 1, 1], which consists of two Jordan arcs, are characterised
More informationLINEAR RECURSIVE SEQUENCES. The numbers in the sequence are called its terms. The general form of a sequence is
LINEAR RECURSIVE SEQUENCES BJORN POONEN 1. Sequences A sequence is an infinite list of numbers, like 1) 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32,.... The numbers in the sequence are called its terms. The general form of a sequence
More informationPOLYNOMIAL OPERATORS AND GREEN FUNCTIONS
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER 30, 59 84, 00 POLYNOMIAL OPERATORS AND GREEN FUNCTIONS I. V. Lindell Electromagnetics Laboratory Helsini University of Technology Otaaari 5A, Espoo FIN-005HUT,
More informationMath Assignment 11
Math 2280 - Assignment 11 Dylan Zwick Fall 2013 Section 8.1-2, 8, 13, 21, 25 Section 8.2-1, 7, 14, 17, 32 Section 8.3-1, 8, 15, 18, 24 1 Section 8.1 - Introduction and Review of Power Series 8.1.2 - Find
More informationReconstruction of sparse Legendre and Gegenbauer expansions
Reconstruction of sparse Legendre and Gegenbauer expansions Daniel Potts Manfred Tasche We present a new deterministic algorithm for the reconstruction of sparse Legendre expansions from a small number
More informationBlur Image Edge to Enhance Zernike Moments for Object Recognition
Journal of Computer and Communications, 2016, 4, 79-91 http://www.scirp.org/journal/jcc ISSN Online: 2327-5227 ISSN Print: 2327-5219 Blur Image Edge to Enhance Zernike Moments for Object Recognition Chihying
More informationDifferential Equations
Differential Equations Problem Sheet 1 3 rd November 2011 First-Order Ordinary Differential Equations 1. Find the general solutions of the following separable differential equations. Which equations are
More informationq-series Michael Gri for the partition function, he developed the basic idea of the q-exponential. From
q-series Michael Gri th History and q-integers The idea of q-series has existed since at least Euler. In constructing the generating function for the partition function, he developed the basic idea of
More informationTwo special equations: Bessel s and Legendre s equations. p Fourier-Bessel and Fourier-Legendre series. p
LECTURE 1 Table of Contents Two special equations: Bessel s and Legendre s equations. p. 259-268. Fourier-Bessel and Fourier-Legendre series. p. 453-460. Boundary value problems in other coordinate system.
More informationOn an Eigenvalue Problem Involving Legendre Functions by Nicholas J. Rose North Carolina State University
On an Eigenvalue Problem Involving Legendre Functions by Nicholas J. Rose North Carolina State University njrose@math.ncsu.edu 1. INTRODUCTION. The classical eigenvalue problem for the Legendre Polynomials
More informationWavefront Sensing using Polarization Shearing Interferometer. A report on the work done for my Ph.D. J.P.Lancelot
Wavefront Sensing using Polarization Shearing Interferometer A report on the work done for my Ph.D J.P.Lancelot CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Imaging Through Atmospheric turbulence 2.1 The statistics of
More informationADAPTIVE PID CONTROLLER WITH ON LINE IDENTIFICATION
Journal of ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, VOL. 53, NO. 9-10, 00, 33 40 ADAPTIVE PID CONTROLLER WITH ON LINE IDENTIFICATION Jiří Macháče Vladimír Bobál A digital adaptive PID controller algorithm which contains
More informationBackground and Definitions...2. Legendre s Equation, Functions and Polynomials...4 Legendre s Associated Equation and Functions...
Legendre Polynomials and Functions Reading Problems Outline Background and Definitions...2 Definitions...3 Theory...4 Legendre s Equation, Functions and Polynomials...4 Legendre s Associated Equation and
More informationPower Series Solutions We use power series to solve second order differential equations
Objectives Power Series Solutions We use power series to solve second order differential equations We use power series expansions to find solutions to second order, linear, variable coefficient equations
More informationReview for Exam 2. Review for Exam 2.
Review for Exam 2. 5 or 6 problems. No multiple choice questions. No notes, no books, no calculators. Problems similar to homeworks. Exam covers: Regular-singular points (5.5). Euler differential equation
More informationProblem Set 8 Mar 5, 2004 Due Mar 10, 2004 ACM 95b/100b 3pm at Firestone 303 E. Sterl Phinney (2 pts) Include grading section number
Problem Set 8 Mar 5, 24 Due Mar 1, 24 ACM 95b/1b 3pm at Firestone 33 E. Sterl Phinney (2 pts) Include grading section number Useful Readings: For Green s functions, see class notes and refs on PS7 (esp
More information8. Statistical Equilibrium and Classification of States: Discrete Time Markov Chains
8. Statistical Equilibrium and Classification of States: Discrete Time Markov Chains 8.1 Review 8.2 Statistical Equilibrium 8.3 Two-State Markov Chain 8.4 Existence of P ( ) 8.5 Classification of States
More informationarxiv: v1 [math.ca] 17 Feb 2017
GENERALIZED STIELTJES CONSTANTS AND INTEGRALS INVOLVING THE LOG-LOG FUNCTION: KUMMER S THEOREM IN ACTION OMRAN KOUBA arxiv:7549v [mathca] 7 Feb 7 Abstract In this note, we recall Kummer s Fourier series
More informationPower Series Solutions to the Legendre Equation
Power Series Solutions to the Legendre Equation Department of Mathematics IIT Guwahati The Legendre equation The equation (1 x 2 )y 2xy + α(α + 1)y = 0, (1) where α is any real constant, is called Legendre
More informationVACUUM SUPPORT FOR A LARGE INTERFEROMETRIC REFERENCE SURFACE
VACUUM SUPPORT FOR A LARGE INTERFEROMETRIC REFERENCE SURFACE Masaki Hosoda, Robert E. Parks, and James H. Burge College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona 85721 OVERVIEW This paper
More informationLegendre s Equation. PHYS Southern Illinois University. October 13, 2016
PHYS 500 - Southern Illinois University October 13, 2016 PHYS 500 - Southern Illinois University Legendre s Equation October 13, 2016 1 / 10 The Laplacian in Spherical Coordinates The Laplacian is given
More informationMath Final Exam.
Math 106 - Final Exam. This is a closed book exam. No calculators are allowed. The exam consists of 8 questions worth 100 points. Good luck! Name: Acknowledgment and acceptance of honor code: Signature:
More informationThe Generating Functions for Pochhammer
The Generating Functions for Pochhammer Symbol { }, n N Aleksandar Petoević University of Novi Sad Teacher Training Faculty, Department of Mathematics Podgorička 4, 25000 Sombor SERBIA and MONTENEGRO Email
More informationNotes on Special Functions
Spring 25 1 Notes on Special Functions Francis J. Narcowich Department of Mathematics Texas A&M University College Station, TX 77843-3368 Introduction These notes are for our classes on special functions.
More informationBessel function - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bessel function - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Bessel function Page 1 of 9 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In mathematics, Bessel functions, first defined by the mathematician Daniel Bernoulli
More informationHOMEWORK SET 1 SOLUTIONS MATH 456, Spring 2011 Bruce Turkington
HOMEWORK SET SOLUTIONS MATH 456, Spring Bruce Turkington. Consider a roll of paper, like a toilet roll. Its cross section is very nearly an annulus of inner radius R and outer radius R. The thickness of
More informationDiscretization of Continuous Linear Anisochronic Models
Discretization of Continuous Linear Anisochronic Models Milan Hofreiter Czech echnical University in Prague Faculty of Mechanical Engineering echnicka 4, 66 7 Prague 6 CZECH REPUBLIC E-mail: hofreite@fsid.cvut.cz
More informationTopics in Algorithms. 1 Generation of Basic Combinatorial Objects. Exercises. 1.1 Generation of Subsets. 1. Consider the sum:
Topics in Algorithms Exercises 1 Generation of Basic Combinatorial Objects 1.1 Generation of Subsets 1. Consider the sum: (ε 1,...,ε n) {0,1} n f(ε 1,..., ε n ) (a) Show that it may be calculated in O(n)
More informationName: Math Homework Set # 5. March 12, 2010
Name: Math 4567. Homework Set # 5 March 12, 2010 Chapter 3 (page 79, problems 1,2), (page 82, problems 1,2), (page 86, problems 2,3), Chapter 4 (page 93, problems 2,3), (page 98, problems 1,2), (page 102,
More informationx 2 y = 1 2. Problem 2. Compute the Taylor series (at the base point 0) for the function 1 (1 x) 3.
MATH 8.0 - FINAL EXAM - SOME REVIEW PROBLEMS WITH SOLUTIONS 8.0 Calculus, Fall 207 Professor: Jared Speck Problem. Consider the following curve in the plane: x 2 y = 2. Let a be a number. The portion of
More information4 Power Series Solutions: Frobenius Method
4 Power Series Solutions: Frobenius Method Now the ODE adventure takes us to series solutions for ODEs, a technique A & W, that is often viable, valuable and informative. These can be readily applied Sec.
More information* AIT-4: Aberrations. Copyright 2006, Regents of University of California
Advanced Issues and Technology (AIT) Modules Purpose: Explain the top advanced issues and concepts in optical projection printing and electron-beam lithography. AIT-: LER and Chemically Amplified Resists
More informationMulti Acoustic Prediction Program (MAPP tm ) Recent Results Perrin S. Meyer and John D. Meyer
Multi Acoustic Prediction Program (MAPP tm ) Recent Results Perrin S. Meyer and John D. Meyer Meyer Sound Laboratories Inc., Berkeley, California, USA Presented at the Institute of Acoustics (UK), Reproduced
More informationBoundary Value Problems in Cylindrical Coordinates
Boundary Value Problems in Cylindrical Coordinates 29 Outline Differential Operators in Various Coordinate Systems Laplace Equation in Cylindrical Coordinates Systems Bessel Functions Wave Equation the
More informationREDUCTION FORMULAS OF THE COSINE OF INTEGER FRACTIONS OF π
REDUCTION FORMULAS OF THE COSINE OF INTEGER FRACTIONS OF π RICHARD J. MATHAR Abstract. The power of some cosines of integer fractions π/n of the half circle allow a reduction to lower powers of the same
More informationMemoirs on Differential Equations and Mathematical Physics
Memoirs on Differential Equations and Mathematical Physics Volume 34, 005, 1 76 A. Dzhishariani APPROXIMATE SOLUTION OF ONE CLASS OF SINGULAR INTEGRAL EQUATIONS BY MEANS OF PROJECTIVE AND PROJECTIVE-ITERATIVE
More informationA new class of sum rules for products of Bessel functions. G. Bevilacqua, 1, a) V. Biancalana, 1 Y. Dancheva, 1 L. Moi, 1 2, b) and T.
A new class of sum rules for products of Bessel functions G. Bevilacqua,, a V. Biancalana, Y. Dancheva, L. Moi,, b and T. Mansour CNISM and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Siena, Via Roma 56, 5300
More informationIB Mathematics HL Year 2 Unit 11: Completion of Algebra (Core Topic 1)
IB Mathematics HL Year Unit : Completion of Algebra (Core Topic ) Homewor for Unit Ex C:, 3, 4, 7; Ex D: 5, 8, 4; Ex E.: 4, 5, 9, 0, Ex E.3: (a), (b), 3, 7. Now consider these: Lesson 73 Sequences and
More informationPHYS 404 Lecture 1: Legendre Functions
PHYS 404 Lecture 1: Legendre Functions Dr. Vasileios Lempesis PHYS 404 - LECTURE 1 DR. V. LEMPESIS 1 Legendre Functions physical justification Legendre functions or Legendre polynomials are the solutions
More informationand the compositional inverse when it exists is A.
Lecture B jacques@ucsd.edu Notation: R denotes a ring, N denotes the set of sequences of natural numbers with finite support, is a generic element of N, is the infinite zero sequence, n 0 R[[ X]] denotes
More informationDerivation of various transfer functions of ideal or aberrated imaging systems from the three-dimensional transfer function
Derivation of various transfer functions of ideal or aberrated imaging systems from the three-dimensional transfer function Joseph J. M. Braat and Augustus J. E. M. Janssen Optics Research Group, Faculty
More informationApproximate solution of linear integro-differential equations by using modified Taylor expansion method
ISSN 1 746-7233, Engl, UK World Journal of Modelling Simulation Vol 9 (213) No 4, pp 289-31 Approximate solution of linear integro-differential equations by using modified Taylor expansion method Jalil
More informationG. Dattoli, M. Migliorati 1 and P. E. Ricci 2
The parabolic trigonometric functions and the Chebyshev radicals G. Dattoli, M. Migliorati 1 and P. E. Ricci 2 ENEA, Tecnologie Fisiche e Nuovi Materiali, Centro Ricerche Frascati C.P. 65-00044 Frascati,
More informationDesigning a Computer Generated Hologram for Testing an Aspheric Surface
Nasrin Ghanbari OPTI 521 Graduate Report 2 Designing a Computer Generated Hologram for Testing an Aspheric Surface 1. Introduction Aspheric surfaces offer numerous advantages in designing optical systems.
More informationClosed form expressions for two harmonic continued fractions
University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences 07 Closed form expressions for two harmonic continued
More informationLens Design II. Lecture 1: Aberrations and optimization Herbert Gross. Winter term
Lens Design II Lecture 1: Aberrations and optimization 18-1-17 Herbert Gross Winter term 18 www.iap.uni-jena.de Preliminary Schedule Lens Design II 18 1 17.1. Aberrations and optimization Repetition 4.1.
More informationNotes: Most of the material presented in this chapter is taken from Jackson, Chap. 2, 3, and 4, and Di Bartolo, Chap. 2. 2π nx i a. ( ) = G n.
Chapter. Electrostatic II Notes: Most of the material presented in this chapter is taken from Jackson, Chap.,, and 4, and Di Bartolo, Chap... Mathematical Considerations.. The Fourier series and the Fourier
More information4.4 Change of Variable in Integrals: The Jacobian
4.4. CHANGE OF VAIABLE IN INTEGALS: THE JACOBIAN 4 4.4 Change of Variable in Integrals: The Jacobian In this section, we generalize to multiple integrals the substitution technique used with definite integrals.
More informationMath Homework 2
Math 73 Homework Due: September 8, 6 Suppose that f is holomorphic in a region Ω, ie an open connected set Prove that in any of the following cases (a) R(f) is constant; (b) I(f) is constant; (c) f is
More informationNumerical Sequences and Series
Numerical Sequences and Series Written by Men-Gen Tsai email: b89902089@ntu.edu.tw. Prove that the convergence of {s n } implies convergence of { s n }. Is the converse true? Solution: Since {s n } is
More informationZernike Polynomials: Evaluation, Quadrature, and Interpolation. Philip Greengard, Kirill Serkh, Technical Report YALEU/DCS/TR-1539 February 20, 2018
Zernike polynomials are a basis of orthogonal polynomials on the unit disk that are a natural basis for representing smooth functions. They arise in a number of applications including optics and atmospheric
More informationMcGill University April 16, Advanced Calculus for Engineers
McGill University April 16, 2014 Faculty of cience Final examination Advanced Calculus for Engineers Math 264 April 16, 2014 Time: 6PM-9PM Examiner: Prof. R. Choksi Associate Examiner: Prof. A. Hundemer
More informationChapter 17 : Fourier Series Page 1 of 12
Chapter 7 : Fourier Series Page of SECTION C Further Fourier Series By the end of this section you will be able to obtain the Fourier series for more complicated functions visualize graphs of Fourier series
More informationCSE 548: Analysis of Algorithms. Lecture 4 ( Divide-and-Conquer Algorithms: Polynomial Multiplication )
CSE 548: Analysis of Algorithms Lecture 4 ( Divide-and-Conquer Algorithms: Polynomial Multiplication ) Rezaul A. Chowdhury Department of Computer Science SUNY Stony Brook Spring 2015 Coefficient Representation
More informationMath221: HW# 7 solutions
Math22: HW# 7 solutions Andy Royston November 7, 25.3.3 let x = e u. Then ln x = u, x2 = e 2u, and dx = e 2u du. Furthermore, when x =, u, and when x =, u =. Hence x 2 ln x) 3 dx = e 2u u 3 e u du) = e
More informationEXAMINATION: MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES FOR IMAGE ANALYSIS
EXAMINATION: MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES FOR IMAGE ANALYSIS Course code: 8D Date: Thursday April 8 th, Time: 4h 7h Place: AUD 3 Read this first! Write your name and student identification number on each paper
More information1 r 2 sin 2 θ. This must be the case as we can see by the following argument + L2
PHYS 4 3. The momentum operator in three dimensions is p = i Therefore the momentum-squared operator is [ p 2 = 2 2 = 2 r 2 ) + r 2 r r r 2 sin θ We notice that this can be written as sin θ ) + θ θ r 2
More informationThe 3 dimensional Schrödinger Equation
Chapter 6 The 3 dimensional Schrödinger Equation 6.1 Angular Momentum To study how angular momentum is represented in quantum mechanics we start by reviewing the classical vector of orbital angular momentum
More informationSHAPE OF IMPULSE RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS OF LINEAR-PHASE NONRECURSIVE 2D FIR FILTER FUNCTION *
FACTA UNIVERSITATIS Series: Electronics and Energetics Vol. 6, N o, August 013, pp. 133-143 DOI: 10.98/FUEE130133P SHAPE OF IMPULSE RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS OF LINEAR-PHASE NONRECURSIVE D FIR FILTER FUNCTION
More informationFIR BAND-PASS DIGITAL DIFFERENTIATORS WITH FLAT PASSBAND AND EQUIRIPPLE STOPBAND CHARACTERISTICS. T. Yoshida, Y. Sugiura, N.
FIR BAND-PASS DIGITAL DIFFERENTIATORS WITH FLAT PASSBAND AND EQUIRIPPLE STOPBAND CHARACTERISTICS T. Yoshida, Y. Sugiura, N. Aikawa Tokyo University of Science Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology
More informationModified Adomian Decomposition Method for Solving Particular Third-Order Ordinary Differential Equations
Applied Mathematical Sciences, Vol. 6, 212, no. 3, 1463-1469 Modified Adomian Decomposition Method for Solving Particular Third-Order Ordinary Differential Equations P. Pue-on 1 and N. Viriyapong 2 Department
More information1 Examples of Weak Induction
More About Mathematical Induction Mathematical induction is designed for proving that a statement holds for all nonnegative integers (or integers beyond an initial one). Here are some extra examples of
More informationAPPLICATION OF TAYLOR MATRIX METHOD TO THE SOLUTION OF LONGITUDINAL VIBRATION OF RODS
Mathematical and Computational Applications, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 334-343, 21. Association for Scientific Research APPLICAION OF AYLOR MARIX MEHOD O HE SOLUION OF LONGIUDINAL VIBRAION OF RODS Mehmet Çevik
More informationKey Words: cardinal B-spline, coefficients, moments, rectangular rule, interpolating quadratic spline, hat function, cubic B-spline.
M a t h e m a t i c a B a l a n i c a New Series Vol. 24, 2, Fasc.3-4 Splines in Numerical Integration Zlato Udovičić We gave a short review of several results which are related to the role of splines
More informationMathematical Foundation for the Christoffel-Darboux Formula for Classical Orthonormal Jacobi Polynomials Applied in Filters
SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS OF THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NOVI PAZAR SER. A: APPL. MATH. INFORM. AND MECH. vol. 3, 2 (2011), 139-151. Mathematical Foundation for the Christoffel-Darboux Formula for Classical
More informationOn Turán s inequality for Legendre polynomials
Expo. Math. 25 (2007) 181 186 www.elsevier.de/exmath On Turán s inequality for Legendre polynomials Horst Alzer a, Stefan Gerhold b, Manuel Kauers c,, Alexandru Lupaş d a Morsbacher Str. 10, 51545 Waldbröl,
More informationThe Chebyshev Collection Method for Solving Fractional Order Klein-Gordon Equation
The Chebyshev Collection Method for Solving Fractional Order Klein-Gordon Equation M. M. KHADER Faculty of Science, Benha University Department of Mathematics Benha EGYPT mohamedmbd@yahoo.com N. H. SWETLAM
More informationAM205: Assignment 3 (due 5 PM, October 20)
AM25: Assignment 3 (due 5 PM, October 2) For this assignment, first complete problems 1, 2, 3, and 4, and then complete either problem 5 (on theory) or problem 6 (on an application). If you submit answers
More informationMath Methods for Polymer Physics Lecture 1: Series Representations of Functions
Math Methods for Polymer Physics ecture 1: Series Representations of Functions Series analysis is an essential tool in polymer physics and physical sciences, in general. Though other broadly speaking,
More informationMATH 543: FUCHSIAN DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION
SET 7 MATH 543: FUCHSIAN DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS HYERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION References: DK and Sadri Hassan. Historical Notes: lease read the book Linear Differential Equations and the Group Theory by Jeremy
More informationAlignment metrology for the Antarctica Kunlun Dark Universe Survey Telescope
doi:10.1093/mnras/stv268 Alignment metrology for the Antarctica Kunlun Dark Universe Survey Telescope Zhengyang Li, 1,2,3 Xiangyan Yuan 1,2 and Xiangqun Cui 1,2 1 National Astronomical Observatories/Nanjing
More informationNOTES FOR HARTLEY TRANSFORMS OF GENERALIZED FUNCTIONS. S.K.Q. Al-Omari. 1. Introduction
italian journal of pure and applied mathematics n. 28 2011 (21 30) 21 NOTES FOR HARTLEY TRANSFORMS OF GENERALIZED FUNCTIONS S.K.Q. Al-Omari Department of Applied Sciences Faculty of Engineering Technology
More informationPrinciples of Electron Optics
Principles of Electron Optics Volume 1 Basic Geometrical Optics by P. W. HAWKES CNRS Laboratory of Electron Optics, Toulouse, France and E. KASPER Institut für Angewandte Physik Universität Tübingen, Federal
More information