Challenges of the Beam Delivery System for the future Linear Colliders
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1 Challenges of the Beam Delivery System for the future s Eduardo Marin eduardo.marin.lacoma@cern.ch Dual year Russia-Spain: Particle Physics, Nuclear Physics and Astroparticle Physics Barcelona, SPAIN 10 November, 2011 eduardo.marin.lacoma@cern.ch BDS Challenges, 1/ 17
2 1 Introduction 2 Linear collider components Beam Delivery System 3 4 eduardo.marin.lacoma@cern.ch BDS Challenges, 2/ 17
3 LHC is not enough? Introduction 80 Traffic tunnel Neutrinos tunnel c Now... Energy (CM) = 7 TeV Luminosity = cm 2 s 1 In Energy (CM) = 14 TeV Luminosity = cm 2 s 1 Upgrade in Energy (CM) = 14 TeV Luminosity = cm 2 s 1 High precision physics Advantages of a point like structure collisions (leptons, e +,e ): know and tune CM fully re-constructable events polarised beams A lepton collider performs higher precision physics research than LHC eduardo.marin.lacoma@cern.ch BDS Challenges, 3/ 17
4 Components BDS Lepton collider, linear or circular? At the TeV energy regime the lepton circular collider becomes unaffordable because of synchrotron radiation. $ [a.u] Circular Collider Energy [TeV] Projects: CLIC & ILC CLIC: Compact ILC: International Project Accel.Gradient Footprint Energy (CM) Peak Luminosity [MV/m] [Km] [TeV] [cm 2 s 1 ] ILC CLIC eduardo.marin.lacoma@cern.ch BDS Challenges, 4/ 17
![Components BDS Main components of a linear collider Source + Damping Ring + Main Linac + Beam Delivery System (S) (DR) (ML) (BDS) beam delivery system S DR ML BDS Energy [GeV] 2.86 2.](/docs-images/88/114609393/images/5-0.jpg "86 1500 1500 Horizontal beam size [nm] 3 10 5 3 10 4 4 10 3 45 Vertical beam size [nm] 4 10 5 3 10 3 4 10 2 1 Luminosity [10 34 cm 2 s 1 ] 1 10 9 1 10 6 1 10 4 2.4 eduardo.marin.lacoma@cern.")
5 Components BDS Main components of a linear collider Source + Damping Ring + Main Linac + Beam Delivery System (S) (DR) (ML) (BDS) beam delivery system S DR ML BDS Energy [GeV] Horizontal beam size [nm] Vertical beam size [nm] Luminosity [10 34 cm 2 s 1 ] eduardo.marin.lacoma@cern.ch BDS Challenges, 5/ 17
6 The CLIC-Beam Delivery System Components BDS CLIC is based in the 2 beam (Drive & Main) accelerating scheme to produce a high gradient of 100 MV/m in the accelerating structures COMPACT The goals of the BDS are: To collimate the beam in energy and position To deliver a stable beam at the IP FEASIBLE? To enhance Luminosity by squeezing the beam size down to the nm regime eduardo.marin.lacoma@cern.ch BDS Challenges, 6/ 17
7 ATF2 Introduction (ATF2) Final Focus System (FFS) ATF2 Goal: To test the future s FFS based on local chromaticity correction. ATF2 Nominal lattice: β y =100µm, σ y =38nm (related to ILC lattice) ATF2 Ultra-low β lattice: β y =25µm, σ y =20nm (related to CLIC lattice) eduardo.marin.lacoma@cern.ch BDS Challenges, 7/ 17
8 Magnetic errors The multipolar components of the FFS magnets increase σ x,y. σ* y [nm] order 1 order 2 order (γε operation) γε x [µm] x To minimise its detrimental effect, different cures have been studied: Replacing the Final Doublet magnets. Skew sextupole insertion. Swapping the quadrupoles. Modifying the optics. eduardo.marin.lacoma@cern.ch BDS Challenges, 8/ 17
9 New Final Doublet magnets From the comparison between the measured multipolar components and the specified tolerances for the Final Doublet, it is required to replace the FD. Component Sextupolar [10 4 ] Normal R=1 cm Tol.UL Measured Tol.NL Tol.UL Measured Tol.NL QF1FF QD0FF Component Octupolar [10 4 ] Normal R=1 cm Tol.UL Measured Tol.NL Tol.UL Measured Tol.NL QF1FF QD0FF eduardo.marin.lacoma@cern.ch BDS Challenges, 9/ 17
10 PMQ Introduction When replacing the present final doublet by the new FD based on permanent material, a noticeable σ y reduction is observed, however it is not enough. CERN is developing a new quadrupole based on permanent magnet material (Sm2Co17) to satisfy the challenging tolerances. further information about Sm2Co17: Cobalt Literature.aspx eduardo.marin.lacoma@cern.ch BDS Challenges, 10/ 17
11 Skew sextupole magnet Skew sextupole insertion: A skew sextupole is inserted in the line in order to compensate the skew sextupolar component present in the quadrupoles. eduardo.marin.lacoma@cern.ch BDS Challenges, 11/ 17
12 Swapping proposal Sorting the quadrupoles according to their field quality and placing the best magnets in the more restrictive tolerance locations. Relative skew sextupole at R=1cm e-05 QF1FF 2% tolerances Present situation Swap.1 QD0FF QF9BFF QF5AFF QF9AFF QF5BFF QD4BFF QD10AFF ATF2 Locations QD6FF QD4AFF QD8FF By swapping the quadrupoles according to the skew sextupolar component a significant gain is observed. eduardo.marin.lacoma@cern.ch BDS Challenges, 12/ 17
13 Alternative solution Optics modification: Increasing β x at the IP, the impact of the multipolar components along the beamline are significantly reduced. IP σ y [nm] order 1 order 2 order 5 ATF2-β y =100um β x =10.0mm γε x [µm] (γε x operation) This lattice design was used during ATF2 operation in May and Dec 2010 run. eduardo.marin.lacoma@cern.ch BDS Challenges, 13/ 17
14 New ATF2 Ultra-low β y By combining all considered solutions, replacing FD, optimising the skew sextupole, sorting the quadrupoles and increasing β x at the IP, the evaluated vertical beam size at the IP is 25 nm. σ x * [µm] σ x * σ y * Ideal σ x * Ideal σ y * σ y * [nm] 3 Multipoles Skew Replace Swap Increase Sextupole FD Quads β x * 20 Before loading this lattice into ATF2, first it has to be demonstrated its tunability. eduardo.marin.lacoma@cern.ch BDS Challenges, 14/ 17
15 Tuning The tuning process consists in bringing the machine performance to its design under realistic machine imperfections. Tuning algorithm The tuning is based on orthogonal knobs which correct the dominant aberrations at the IP as dispersion, coupling, waist shift... β x /σ x k-bx k-ax k-by k-ay k-dx β x Knob value [] eduardo.marin.lacoma@cern.ch BDS Challenges, 15/ 17
16 Tuning experiments Participated in 3 tuning experiments of 1 week duration each Minimum achieved σ y =300nm Tuning by knobs. ATF2 β y *=100 um β x *=10.0mm initial <x y> α y <xy> η y <x y> η y T Simulation Dec10 run IP σ y [nm] Knob iteration Experimental validation of the tuning algorithm. eduardo.marin.lacoma@cern.ch BDS Challenges, 16/ 17
17 The test facilities as ATF2 are extremely important to demonstrate the feasibility of the future s. The impact of realistic errors on the ATF2 lattices has been minimised in order to keep their performance as close as possible to the design one. Simulations demonstrate the tuning feasibility of the ATF2 lattices, while experimental result confirms a similar tendency in the range within 300 nm <σ y <1000 nm. Further tuning attempts should confirm the tuning feasibility of ATF2 down to 38 and 25nm, hence the FFS based on local chromaticy correction would be validated. eduardo.marin.lacoma@cern.ch BDS Challenges, 17/ 17
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