Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute DOUBLE POLARIZED DD-FUSION. Status report

Transcription

1 Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute DOUBLE POLARIZED DD-FUSION Status report 1

2 Participating Institutions Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Russia Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany Cologne University, Germany KVI, Gronningen, Netherlands University ITMO, St.Petersburg, Russia Financial support: ISTC project #3881 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Russian Academy of Science 2

3 Double polarized dd-fusion d + d t + p 3 He + n Systematic measurements of the spin-correlation coefficients Cross section increase [R.M. Kulsrud et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 1248 (1982)] 3 He+d 4 He+p : Factor ~1.5 at 430 kev [Ch. Leemann et al., Annals of Phys. 66, 810 (1971)] Neutrons suppression Quintet suppression factor [H. Paetz gen. Schieck, Eur. Phys. J. A 44, (2010)] [] Trajectories control of the fusion products United efforts on the practical use of the polarized fusion Persistence of the Polarization in a Fusion Process [J.-P. Didelez and C. Deutsch. Few-Body Conference, Bonn (2009)] 3

4 History B.P. Ad jasevich, V.G. Antonenko An experiment is suggested to measure polarization correlation coefficients in reactions 2 H(d, p) 3 H and 2 H(d, n) 3 He at low energies

5 Unpolarized cross sections 10 σ 2 3 ( H ( d, n) He) σ 2 3 ( H ( d, p) H ) σ, mb Ed, kev R. E. Brown, N. Jarmie, Phys. Rev. C 41 N4 (1990) 5

6 Data situation Tagishi et al.; Phy. Rev. C 46 (1992) [Analysing Powers: 2 H(d,p) 3 H, solid target] Becker et al. Few Body Sys. 13 (1992) [Analysing Powers] Imig et al. Phys.Rev. C 73 (2006) [Spin-Transfer Koeff.] 6

7 The Quintet suppression factor σ1,1 QSF = σ Deltuva and Fonseca, Phys. Rev. C 81 (2010) σ 0 = ( 2σ + 4σ + σ + 2σ ) 1,1 1,0 0,0 1, 1 7

8 Electron screening Astrophysical S-Factor: F. Raiola et al.; Eur. Phys. J. A 13, 377 (2002) Coulomb Potential? Nuclear Potential Distance 8

9 Adjacent experiments Persistence of the Polarization in a Fusion Process. J.-P. Didelez and C. Deutsch. Few-Body Conference, Bonn (2009). Basic study on polarized D-D fusion. N. Horikawa. International Symposium on Polarized Target and its Application (2008). 9

10 Experimental setup He (0.8 MeV), H (1.0 MeV) d 0 (0.1 ev) ABS Based on SAPIS project ABS (Cologne University) 16 I ~ 1 10 a/s 11 2 Target density ~ 10 a/cm Vector polarization: ± 0.7 dd-polarimeter or LSP d + Luminosity: /cm 2 s count rate: ~ 54/h (30keV) 1 week of beam time r r He + d + H 0 d 3 d 0 (0.1 ev) LSP + n + e + p + e + d + (1-32 kev) n (2.4 MeV), p (3.0 MeV) Ion source POLIS source (KVI, Groningen) Ion beam: I 20 μa 14 ( d/s) E beam 32 kev Vector polarization: ±

11 Count rate Typical charged-particle spectra [Becker et al. Few Body Sys. 13 (1992)] 28 kev 0.82 MeV 1.01 MeV 3.02 MeV Energy, kev Crosssection, mb Count rate 1/hr Beam time (10000), h Beam time (10000), days

12 Experiment Status Experimental hall preparation Renovation Electrical supply Water cooling Upgrade of the SAPIS ABS Vacuum system Magnet system Dissociator Transition units Transportation of the POLIS source (should arrive this week) Detector system Mechanical support Readout electronics Data analysis software 12

13 Experimental hall 13

14 ABS: vacuum system ABS stages e-4 mbar 5e-5 mbar 1e-6 mbar 1e-7 mbar TPH2200 TMU1001 3xTV450 TV450 TMU1601 DUO030A IR TMU1601 D16B D 30A D16B MFT cm 14

15 ABS: vacuum system 15

16 ABS: Magnet system 2.0 R=7.4mm R=6.5mm 1.5 R=5.0mm R=3.5mm 1.0 R=1.0mm 0.5 Magnet N1 N N_Poles Length, Diameter 1, Diameter 2, mm mm mm B, T М М М М B, T Azimuthal angle 16

17 ABS: Dissociator HERMES ABS ANKE ABS POLFUSION ABS Nozzle cooling (~70-80K): 1. Liquid Nitrogen 2. Cold Head 17

18 Detector system 4-π detector setup with 60% filling ~300 Hamamatsu Si PIN photodiodes (S3590) 1cm 2 active area 300um depletion layer good energy resolution (20keV for 1MeV Carbon ions at RHIC) 18

19 Detector system: Readout electronics Readout electronics requirements: 320 PIN diodes 1kHz total count rate Amplitude analyzer (no signal shape digitizing!) Fast standard interface for data acquisition Common clock for off-line coincidence analysis Use of Charge Sensitive Preamplifiers from MuSun experiment CSP-16 vs. Hamamatsu H4083: Parameter CSP-16 H4083 Noise, electrons 270 at τ = 0.4 μs 234 at τ = 2.5 μs (without detector) ~170 at τ = 1.0 μs Power consumption 180 mw 150 mw Power supply ± 6 V ± 12 V Dimensions 80 x 11 mm 24 x 19 mm Configuration 16-channel module Single module Price per channel ~ $ 25 ~

20 Detector system: Readout electronics 16 channel CSP 16 channel AMP Detector Microcontroller based 320 channels 1kHz total count rate 14-bit amplitude analyzers 16 channels per module 8 modules per crate TCP/IP server in every crate Common 1MHz clock Charge Sensitive Preamplifier Shaping Amplifier DAC CFD Analog signal ADC trigger Ehigh Constant Fraction Discriminator SPI 16 channel ADC board Crate bus Crate controller (RS-485 Analog 1-2 Mbaud) ADC CPU signal CPU ADC trigger Ehigh Buffer amplifier TCP/IP + Ethernet SPI CLK reset 1MHz CLK generator TCP/IP network 20

21 Future Plan Assemble and run the POLIS source January 2011 Mechanical assembling October 2010 Vacuum system November 2010 Water cooling for magnets December 2010 Control system January 2011 Solid target experiment Spring 2011 Upgrade of the SAPIS ABS June 2011 Vacuum system Fall 2010 Magnet system design December 2010 Dissociator design October 2010 Transition units design February 2011 ABS tests and tuning Spring 2011 Detector system June 2011 Interaction chamber September 2010 Mechanical support design September 2010 Readout electronics design November 2010 Electronics production January 2011 Assembling and tuning Spring

22 22

23 The Formula Spins of both deuterons are aligned: Only p z (q z ) and p zz (q zz ) 0 Only beam is polarized: (p i,j 0, q i,j = 0) σ(θ,φ) = σ 0 (ϴ) {1 + 3/2 A y (ϴ) p y + 1/2 A xz (ϴ) p xz + 1/6 A xx-yy (ϴ) p xx-zz + 2/3 A zz (ϴ) p zz } 23

24 SAPIS ABS 24

25 Ion source 0 D (0.01 ev) High potential ( kV) 0 V -100 V -5 kv Cathode Grounded d ( keV) - e (100 ev) d ( ev) d (5 kev) Magnetic field 0.5 T 25

26 Polarization measurement B B B B B Photomultiplier t Atomic beam from the ABS Ionizer Wien filter Cs cell Spin filter Ionization of atoms Spin axis rotation Ions to metastable atoms Spin separation Quenching chamber Emission of photons Faraday Cup Ly-spectrum N(Ly- α ) 160 Pz(Ly- α) = m I =+1 Pzz(Ly- α) = MFT 3-4 SFT Pz = +1 te or 100 P teor = m I =0 zz m I = 1 N(Ly- α ) Pz(Ly- α) = P (Ly- α) = zz MFT 3-4 WFT te or P = -1 z teor P = +1 zz m I =+1 m I =0 m I = 1 N(Ly- α ) P α ) = 0 z Pzz(Ly- α) = WFT 1-4 m I =+1 SFT 2-6 m I = 1 te or P = 0 z teor P = +1 zz m I =0 N(Ly- α ) m I =+1 m I =0 Pz(Ly- α) = Pzz(Ly- α) = WFT 1-4 SFT 3-5 te or Pz = 0 teor P = -2 zz m I = P z = 0.73±0.05 P z = 0.82± Magnetic field, a.u. Magnetic field, a.u. Magnetic field, a.u. Magnetic field, a.u P zz = 0.77±0.06 P zz = 1.17±

27 J. Raeder et al., Kontrollierte Kernfusion, Teubner, Stutgart (1987) 27

28 Electron screening Projectile: Deuteron Target: Deuterium Atom (Deuteron + Electron) 28