Compressible Flow LES Using OpenFOAM
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1 Compressible Flow LES Using OpenFOAM I. B. Popov supervisor: S. J. Hulshoff promoter: H. Bijl PhD student, TU Delft, Delft, The Netherlands researcher, NEQLab Research B.V., The Hague, The Netherlands March 10, 2011 I. B. Popov supervisor: S. J. Hulshoff promoter: H. Bijl ( Compressible PhD student, Flow TU LESDelft, The Netherlands researcher, March 10, NEQLab 2011 Research 1 / 27 B
2 Introduction: Nanosecond plasma actuation for separation control Actuation design Two electrodes, dielectric layer Pulse: U = 12 kv, τ = 12 ns Typical frequency 100 Hz... 1 khz 10 5 Single: Ein = 11.6 mj Double: Ein = 10.0 mj Triple: Ein = 9.5 mj Voltage, kv 0-5 Incident energy: 15 mj Time, ns. B. Popov supervisor: S. J. Hulshoff promoter: H. Bijl ( Compressible PhD student, Flow TU LESDelft, The Netherlands researcher, March 10, NEQLab 2011 Research 2 / 27 B
3 Experimental results Giuseppe Correale, TUDelft, 2010 Integral effects C L, C D Stall delay of several degrees Re up to (60 cm chord, V = 80 m/s) Observed mechanisms Air jet up to 0.2 m/s Shock wave Heated gas α [deg] 5. B. Popov supervisor: S. J. Hulshoff promoter: H. Bijl ( Compressible PhD student, Flow TU LESDelft, The Netherlands researcher, March 10, NEQLab 2011 Research 3 / 27 B
4 Schlieren imaging results I. B. Popov supervisor: S. J. Hulshoff promoter: H. Bijl (Compressible PhD student, Flow TU Delft, LESDelft, The Netherlands researcher, March 10, NEQLab 2011 Research 4 / 27 B
5 Proposed mechanism 1 Discharge 10 ns 2 Fast heating of gas 1 µs 3 Formation of the shock wave 4 Shock-flow interaction 5 Creation of some coherent flow structures 6 Separation elimination I. B. Popov supervisor: S. J. Hulshoff promoter: H. Bijl ( Compressible PhD student, Flow TU LESDelft, The Netherlands researcher, March 10, NEQLab 2011 Research 5 / 27 B
6 Nanosecond actuator model Instantaneous (1 µs T flow ) Constant-volume T 100 K for mm Flow-wise distribution: filaments length mm, most energy released in 0.5 mm at the electrode Span-wise distribution two models: 1 Uniform 2 Filaments with thickness 0.5mm and pitch of several mm. B. Popov supervisor: S. J. Hulshoff promoter: H. Bijl ( Compressible PhD student, Flow TU LESDelft, The Netherlands researcher, March 10, NEQLab 2011 Research 6 / 27 B
7 Hybrid simulation DES or RANS model LES model Boundary layer Separation zone Nanosecond actuator 1 3D LES simulation of near-actuator region 2 RANS simulation of the rest of the flow 3 Interaction between them. B. Popov supervisor: S. J. Hulshoff promoter: H. Bijl ( Compressible PhD student, Flow TU LESDelft, The Netherlands researcher, March 10, NEQLab 2011 Research 7 / 27 B
8 Periodic channel case Wall 2 Flow z y x 6 Wall 4 Properties Domain size Channel flow case, Re τ = 180 Constant pressure gradient p = 1 x, z periodic, top and bottom no slip DNS data by Jimenez used as a reference. B. Popov supervisor: S. J. Hulshoff promoter: H. Bijl ( Compressible PhD student, Flow TU LESDelft, The Netherlands researcher, March 10, NEQLab 2011 Research 8 / 27 B
9 LES of incompressible channel flow Verification points Temporal convergence Mesh refining Numerical dissipation SGS models Computational costs U bulk Reference value (15.68) Smag 64 dynsmag 32 dynsmag 64 dynsmag t Difficulties Averaging in OpenFoam s dynamic Smagorinsky model implemented truly dynamic model RMS error /n U mean n. B. Popov supervisor: S. J. Hulshoff promoter: H. Bijl ( Compressible PhD student, Flow TU LESDelft, The Netherlands researcher, March 10, NEQLab 2011 Research 9 / 27 B
10 locdynsmagorinsky turbulent model dynsmagorinsky Averaging over whole domain used with vandriest dumping locdynsmagorinsky Local computation of turbulent viscosity Clipping of negative values. B. Popov supervisor: S. J. Hulshoff promoter: H. Bijl ( Compressible PhD student, Flow TU LESDelft, The Netherlands researcher, March 10, NEQLab 2011 Research 10 / 27 B
11 Temporal convergence U bulk Reference value (15.68) Smag dynsmag 32 dynsmag 64 dynsmag t I. B. Popov supervisor: S. J. Hulshoff promoter: H. Bijl ( Compressible PhD student, Flow TU LESDelft, The Netherlands researcher, March 10, NEQLab 2011 Research 11 / 27 B
12 Comparison of turbulent models Introduction linear spatial scheme backward time scheme Smagorinsky dynsmagorinsky locdynsmagorinsky laminar (= no SGS model). B. Popov supervisor: S. J. Hulshoff promoter: H. Bijl ( Compressible PhD student, Flow TU LESDelft, The Netherlands researcher, March 10, NEQLab 2011 Research 12 / 27 B
13 Comparison of turbulent models Mean velocity profiles U mean DNS no model Smag 64 3 dynsmag 64 3 locdynsmag y I. B. Popov supervisor: S. J. Hulshoff promoter: H. Bijl ( Compressible PhD student, Flow TU LESDelft, The Netherlands researcher, March 10, NEQLab 2011 Research 13 / 27 B
14 Comparison of turbulent models u variations profiles DNS no model 64 3 Smag 64 3 dynsmag 64 3 locdynsmag <u 2 > y I. B. Popov supervisor: S. J. Hulshoff promoter: H. Bijl ( Compressible PhD student, Flow TU LESDelft, The Netherlands researcher, March 10, NEQLab 2011 Research 14 / 27 B
15 Comparison of turbulent models v variations profiles <v 2 > DNS 0.1 no model 64 3 Smag 64 3 dynsmag 64 3 locdynsmag y I. B. Popov supervisor: S. J. Hulshoff promoter: H. Bijl ( Compressible PhD student, Flow TU LESDelft, The Netherlands researcher, March 10, NEQLab 2011 Research 15 / 27 B
16 Comparison of turbulent models w variations profiles DNS no model 64 3 Smag 64 3 dynsmag 64 3 locdynsmag <w 2 > y I. B. Popov supervisor: S. J. Hulshoff promoter: H. Bijl ( Compressible PhD student, Flow TU LESDelft, The Netherlands researcher, March 10, NEQLab 2011 Research 16 / 27 B
17 Comparison of turbulent models Reynolds stress profiles <u v > DNS -0.7 no model 64 3 Smag 64 3 dynsmag 64 3 locdynsmag y I. B. Popov supervisor: S. J. Hulshoff promoter: H. Bijl ( Compressible PhD student, Flow TU LESDelft, The Netherlands researcher, March 10, NEQLab 2011 Research 17 / 27 B
18 Comparison of turbulent models Conclusions Laminar equations have surprisingly the best performance Static Smagorinsky with default coefficient has worst performance Dynamic variants of Smagorinsky are somewhere inbetween.. B. Popov supervisor: S. J. Hulshoff promoter: H. Bijl ( Compressible PhD student, Flow TU LESDelft, The Netherlands researcher, March 10, NEQLab 2011 Research 18 / 27 B
19 Performance on stretched meshes Mean velocity profiles U mean DNS uniform 64 3 grading y I. B. Popov supervisor: S. J. Hulshoff promoter: H. Bijl ( Compressible PhD student, Flow TU LESDelft, The Netherlands researcher, March 10, NEQLab 2011 Research 19 / 27 B
20 Performance on stretched meshes u variations profiles 3 DNS uniform 64 3 grading <u 2 > y I. B. Popov supervisor: S. J. Hulshoff promoter: H. Bijl ( Compressible PhD student, Flow TU LESDelft, The Netherlands researcher, March 10, NEQLab 2011 Research 20 / 27 B
21 Performance on stretched meshes v variations profiles <v 2 > DNS uniform 64 3 grading y I. B. Popov supervisor: S. J. Hulshoff promoter: H. Bijl ( Compressible PhD student, Flow TU LESDelft, The Netherlands researcher, March 10, NEQLab 2011 Research 21 / 27 B
22 Performance on stretched meshes w variations profiles 1.2 DNS uniform 64 3 grading <w 2 > y I. B. Popov supervisor: S. J. Hulshoff promoter: H. Bijl ( Compressible PhD student, Flow TU LESDelft, The Netherlands researcher, March 10, NEQLab 2011 Research 22 / 27 B
23 Performance on stretched meshes Reynolds stress profiles <u v > DNS uniform 64 3 grading y I. B. Popov supervisor: S. J. Hulshoff promoter: H. Bijl ( Compressible PhD student, Flow TU LESDelft, The Netherlands researcher, March 10, NEQLab 2011 Research 23 / 27 B
24 Comparison of turbulent models Conclusions Stretching does not improve performance Filter delta for SGS model? (used cuberootvol). B. Popov supervisor: S. J. Hulshoff promoter: H. Bijl ( Compressible PhD student, Flow TU LESDelft, The Netherlands researcher, March 10, NEQLab 2011 Research 24 / 27 B
25 LES of compressible channel flow Requirements Transient solver Conservative variables Turbulence modelling Self-made solver ρ, ρu, ρe Temporal scheme: implicit iterated or Runge-Kutta 4/3. B. Popov supervisor: S. J. Hulshoff promoter: H. Bijl ( Compressible PhD student, Flow TU LESDelft, The Netherlands researcher, March 10, NEQLab 2011 Research 25 / 27 B
26 Periodic hill case I. B. Popov supervisor: S. J. Hulshoff promoter: H. Bijl ( Compressible PhD student, Flow TU LESDelft, The Netherlands researcher, March 10, NEQLab 2011 Research 26 / 27 B
27 Periodic hill case I. B. Popov supervisor: S. J. Hulshoff promoter: H. Bijl ( Compressible PhD student, Flow TU LESDelft, The Netherlands researcher, March 10, NEQLab 2011 Research 27 / 27 B
28 Appendix: Discharge simulation Poisson equation for electric field ε ϕ = q Several species: neutrals, positive and negative ions, electrons Separate convection velocities Kinetics (coupled solution is desired) Boltzman equation. B. Popov supervisor: S. J. Hulshoff promoter: H. Bijl ( Compressible PhD student, Flow TU LESDelft, The Netherlands researcher, March 10, NEQLab 2011 Research 28 / 27 B
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