Approximation By Kantorovich Type q-bernstein Operators
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1 2th WSEAS Int. Conf. on APPLIED MATHEMATICS, Cairo, Egypt, December 29-3, 27 3 Approximation By Kantorovich Type q-bernstein Operators ÖZGE DALMANO GLU Çanaya University Department of Mathematics Computer Ö gretmenler Street, No:4, 653 Balgat Anara TURKEY ozer@canaya.edu.tr Abstract: In the present paper, Kantorovich type of Bernstein polynomials based on q-integers is constructed. Approximation properties rate of convergence of these operators are established with the help of the Korovin theorem. Key Words: Bernstein polynomial, Kantorovich type polynomials, q-integer, Korovin theorem, Modulus of continuity Introduction For each positive integer n, Philips [7 defined q- Bernstein polynomials as; ( [ n [ n B n (f; q, x f x ( q s x. [n ( When q, B n (f; q, x is the classical Bernstein polynomial B n (f, x f ( ( n n x ( x n. (2 Kantorovich [6 modified the Bernstein operators defined the lineer positive operators K n : L ([, C([, defined for any f L ([, by; K n (f; x (n p n, (x p n, (x ( n (/(n /n x ( x n. f(udu, (3 These operators are nown as Kantorovich operators in literature. Now we recall the following definitions about q- calculus [5. Let q >. For each nonnegative integer r, the q-integer [r, q-factorial [r! q-binomial (n r are defined by q r [r : [r q : q q, r q, r, [r! : [r[r...[ ; q, ; q, r : [n! [n r![r!, respectively. The q-analog of the integration in the interval [, b is defined by [ Note that f(td q t ( qb lim q f( b < q <. j f(xd q x f(xdx, (4 provided that f(x is continuous in the interval [, b. In this paper, we will establish the q-analogue of the Bernstein-Kantorovich operators we will examine the approximation properties of the constructed operator. 2 Approximation Properties In this section we define the Kantorovich type q- Bernstein polynomial as; [ Bn(f; q, x [n q n x n ( q s x [/[n [/[n f(td q t. (5
2 2th WSEAS Int. Conf. on APPLIED MATHEMATICS, Cairo, Egypt, December 29-3, 27 4 We will discuss the approximation properties of the operator (5 when we replace q in (5 by a sequence (q n in the interval (, such that are satisfied. lim q n lim n n [n (6 Theorem If the sequence (q n satisfies the conditions (6 in the interval (, then the operator (5 satisfy B n(f; q f (7 for every f C[, a, < a <. Proof: Let us compute Bn(t s ; q, x for s,, 2. We start with s. [ n Bn(; q, x [n q n x ( q s x [/[n [/[n d q t. (8 From the definition of q-integral we can write; [/[n [/[n d q t [/[n [ ( q [n d q t j [ ( q [n [/[n j q [n ([ [ q [n where we have used the properties j [ [ q,, for < q <. q j Therefore it is easily seen from (8 that d q t B n(; q, x. (9 Now we will estimate Bn(t s ; q, x for s. From (5 we can write, [ n Bn(t; q, x [n q n x ( q s x [/[n [/[n td q t ( Let us examine the q-integral on the right h side of the equality. [/[n [/[n td q t [/[n [ ( q [n td q t j [ ( q [n [/[n 2j [ q [n j [ 2 ( q [n 2 q 2 Substituting ( into ( we get; B n(t; q, x [n q 2j td q t [ [n [ 2 ( q [n 2 q 2 q [n 2 ([ 2 [ 2 q ([( q q [n 2 ( n x ( q s x ([( q q [n 2 [ n [n x [ [n 2 n [n n [n ( q s x x ( q s x q n Consequently we have, B n(t; q, x [n 2 [n! [n![! x ( q s x q [n [n x q [n [n. (2 Lastly we will examine B n(t s ; q, x for s 2. We
3 2th WSEAS Int. Conf. on APPLIED MATHEMATICS, Cairo, Egypt, December 29-3, 27 5 have B n(t 2 ; q, x [n [ n q n x ( q s x [/[n [/[n t 2 d q t (3 Maing similar computations as in the previous cases for the q-integral, one can find [/[n [/[n t 2 d q t [/[n [/[n t 2 d q t t 2 d q t [n 3 q q 2 q ([ 2 [[ [ 2 Substituting (4 into (3 using the property we can write, (4 [ q[ (5 Bn(t 2 ; q, x [n 2 q q 2 [ n n x ( q s x (q[ 2 n [n![! x ( q s x (q 2 [ q n [n![! x ( q s x (q[. Writing the terms explicitly, the right h side of the equality becomes, [n 2 q q 2 n [n![! x ( q s xq 2 [ n [n![! x ( q s xq n x ( q s x n [n![ 2! x ( q s xq 2 n [n![! x ( q s xq n [n![! x ( q s x n [n![ 2! x ( q s xq n [n![! x ( q s x Using the property given in (5 once more then rearranging the terms yields; [n 2 q q 2 n [n![! x ( q s x q 2 (q[ n 2q [n![! x ( q s x n 2 [ [n[n x 2 n 2 n 3 ( q s xq 2 n [nx n [nx x n 2 x ( q s xq n 2 x ( q s x
4 2th WSEAS Int. Conf. on APPLIED MATHEMATICS, Cairo, Egypt, December 29-3, 27 6 n 2 [ n 3 [n[n x 2 n 2 x ( q s xq n [ n 2 n x x ( q s x. Maing the necessary computations we finally get, B n(t 2 ; q, x More clearly,we have, [n 2 q q 2 [n[n x 2 q 3 [nxq 2 2q[nx B n(t 2 ; q, x [n[n x 2 q 2 [nxq [nx [n[n x 2 q [nx. [n[n [n 2 q 3 q 2 q q q 2 x2 [n q 2 3q 2 [n 2 q q 2 x [n 2 q q 2. (6 Consequently replacing q by a sequence (q n such that lim q n taing the property (6 into account, n from (9, (2 (6 we can write, B n(; q n, x B n(t; q n, x x B n(t 2 ; q n, x x 2, respectively. Therefore the conditions of the Korovin s theorem are satisfied the proof of the theorem is completed. Remar : For the special case q we have; Bn(; x Bn(t; x n n x 2(n Bn(t 2 n(n ; x (n 2 x2 2n (n 2 x 3(n 2 Remar 2: The first the second moment of the operator B n(f; q, x are B n((s x; q, x ( [n [n x [n q Bn((s x 2 [n[n q 3 q 2 q ; q, x [n 2 q 2 q [n q 2 3q 2 [n 2 q 2 q respectively. x 2 x q [n 2 q 2 q x 2 2 [n [n x2 2 q [n x, 3 Order of Approximation In this section, we compute the approximation order of the operator B n(f; q, x by means of modulus of continuity. Let f C[, a. The modulus of continuity of f, w(f, δ, is defined by w(f; δ sup f(x f(y (7 x y δ x,y [,a It is well-nown that, for a function f C[, a we have lim w(f; δ (8 δ ( x y f(x f(y w(f; δ δ. (9 for any δ >. The following theorem gives the rate of convergence of the sequence B n(f; q, x by means of modulus of continuity. Theorem 2 If the sequence q : (q n satisfies the conditions given in (6, then B n(f; q f 2w(f, δ n (2 for all f C[, a,where δ n B n((s x 2 ; q; x. (2 Proof: Let f C[, a. From the linearity monotonicity of B n(f; q, x we can write, B n(f; q, x f(x Bn( f(t f(x ; q, x [ n [n q n x ( q s x [/[n [/[n f(t f(x d q t (22
5 2th WSEAS Int. Conf. on APPLIED MATHEMATICS, Cairo, Egypt, December 29-3, 27 7 On the other h f(t f(x w(f; t x. If t x < δ, it is obvious that f(t f(x ( (t x2 δ 2 If t x > δ, we use the following property w(f, δ. (23 w(f, λδ ( λw(f, δ ( λ 2 w(f, δ, where we choose λ R as λ t x δ. Therefore we have, (t x2 f(t f(x ( δ 2 w(f, δ (24 [3 O. Do gru N. Özalp, Approximation by Kantorovich Type Generalization of Meyer-König Zeller Operators, Glasn. Mat. 36, 2, pp [4 V. Gupta, Some approximation properties of q- Durrmeyer operators, Applied Mathematics Computation, In Press, 27. [5 V. Kac P. Cheung Quantum Calculus, Springer Verlag, Newyor Berlin Heidelberg, 953. [6 G.G. Lorentz, Bernstein Polynomials, University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 953. [7 G. M. Phillips, Bernstein Polynomials based on q-integers, Ann. Numer. Math. 4, 997, pp for t x > δ. Consequently by means (23 (24, from (22 we get, Bn(f; q, x f(x [ n [n q n x ( q s x [/[n (s x2 ( [/[n δ 2 w(f, δd q t Bn(; q, x δ 2 B n((s x 2 ; q, x w(f; δ δ 2 B n((s x 2 ; q, x w(f; δ. (25 Taing (6 Remar 2 into account one can easily obtain that lim n B n((s x 2 ; q n, x. So letting δ n B n((s x 2 ; q n, x taing δ δn, we finally get as desired. B n(f; q, x f(x 2w(f; δ n, (26 Acnowledgements: The author would lie to than to Professor Ogun Dogru for his valuable suggestions remars during the preparation of this wor. References: [ G.E. Andrews, R. Asey, R. Roy, Special Functions, Cambridge University Press, 999. [2 D. Barbosu, Kantorovich-Stancu Type Operators, J.Ineq. Pure Appl. Math. 5, 24, issue 3, article 53
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