Basic Structures of Matter - Supergravitation Unified Theory (BSM-SG) based on an alternative space-time concept

Transcription

1 Basic Structures of Matter - Supergravitation Unified Theory (BSM-SG) based on an alternative space-time concept (Talk at North York Physics group, 10 Dec 2010, Toronto, Canada) Stoyan Sarg, PhD York University, Toronto, Canada

2 Some of main unanswered questions in contemporary Physics How Nature might keep records of the laws of Physics? Rene Decartes, Newton, Ampere, Faraday, Maxwell, Lord Kelvin, N. Tesla: a different vision about space Einstein in Sidelights on Relativity (1920) General relativity without ether is unthinkable Feynman: There s plenty of room at the bottom (1959) Copenhagen Formalism and Quantum Mechanics Replacement of human logic by mathematical logic; Assumptions in Physics; Rules and violation of rules. It is very difficult to change some earlier adopted assumptions even if they are wrong The present view about microcosmos and Universe is formed through the prism of the concept of space Unsolved problems in Physics - mysteries and speculations

3 Search for a new idea about space some kind of unique underlying structure Why the Newton s law of gravity has a similar dependence on distance like the low of radiation? an indication that might involve some kind of surface pressure (interaction) on a closed volume The unique structure must have some oscillation properties that defines the constant speed of light and also the ZPE envisioned by QM Must exhibit modulation properties defining the electrical and magnetic field Must have unified origin with the elementary particle they must contain the same building blocks as the underlying space structure Must be built by indestructible subelementary blocks Cosmic Lattice (CL): two types of alternative CL nodes made of 4 rods with opposite internal twisting, held by Supergravitational (SG) forces (inverse proportional to the cube of distance in pure empty space) Casimir forces: attractive and repulsive detectable signatures of the SG forces Neutonian Gravity: SG forces propagated through the CL space

4 Mockup for illustration of CL nodes arrangement in CL space A o d abcd o A A - A left handed prism 60 o 60 o right handed prism Fig. 2.6 dabcd ( m) Note: The prisms are not externally twisted but having internal twisted structure

5 Cosmic Lattice (CL) - alternatively arranged right and left-handed flexible CL nodes formed by 4 prisms of same type Gaps between the CL nodes: permits spatial oscillations under SG law Return forces: - symmetrical along xyz axes (weak forces) and asymmetrical along abcd axes (strong forces). Result: Complex CL node oscillations (NRM and SPM vectors) - two identified frequencies : f R = 1.09x10 29 Hz defines light velocity and f c = 1.236x10 20 Hz SPM vector (Compton) frequency involved in QM interactions and constancy of light velocity MQ SPM (Magnetic Quasisphere a hodograph of SPM vector in absence of electrical charge) EQ SPM ( Electrical Quasisphere a hodograph of SPM vector in electrical field or charge) Synchronized MQ SPM: define a magnetic line (it is also left or right-handed curled) Synchronized EQ SPM: defines an electrical line (a different synchronized frequency)

6 CL space structure and properties The central geometrical position of the CL node apex is not stable: The flexible CL node exhibits can oscillate and have an energy well. Two types of CL space energy: Static (enormous) and Dynamic (small). Quantum Mechanics envisions the second one. It is involved in the definition of permeability and permittivity of the physical vacuum. Quantum and space-time properties of the CL space. The SG field propagated by the abcd set of the CL nodes axes (stronger interactions) manifests as Newtonian gravitation. The Magnetic and Electrical fields are defined by two types of CL node oscillations (MQ and EQ SPM) involving the weaker force interactions between the CL nodes along the xyz axes.

7 Helical Structures crystallized from the two types of twisted prisms (rods with internal twisting) Right-Hand Second order LH structure Left-Hand Combined Second order Second order RH combined structure

8 Electron - an oscillating 3-body system with two proper frequencies. The first one is the Compton frequency equal to the SPM frequency of the CL node. Confined motion: A screw-like motion of rotating and oscillating electron interacting with the oscillating CL nodes. Preferred velocities, corresponding to (13.6/n) ev, where n matches the principal quantum number of the Bohr atomic model. Quantum orbit: a closed loop containing a hole number of both frequencies cycles. The denser internal RL lattice modulates the CL node dynamics: electrical and magnetic lines

9 Main CL space parameters expressed by the BSM electron model Static CL pressure, P S : defines the Newtonian mass of elementary particle as a pressure exercised on its denser internal lattice 4 2 me 2 g ehvc (1 α ) 26 PS = c = = (N/m 2 ) (4) V πα c e 2 m = ( P S c ) V H (kg) - Newtonian mass equation of elementary particle (5) Partial CL pressure, P P : - Inertial properties of a particles at confined motion P P = P Sαυ / c (N/m 2 ) where: υ - is a confined motion velocity (6) Dynamical CL pressure, P D : - Pressure exercised on FOHSs of atoms and molecules by ZPE waves that equalize the CL space background energy. 3 c 2 hvc g e hv (1 α ) 3 P = = = N D 3 ( cs e παc m 2 Hz ) (7) Signature of P D - the observed Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Therefore, the estimated temperature of 2.72K (by fitting of CMB to a blackbody curve) in fact is a CL space background parameter. The derived theoretical expression is: T = N S 2 A W hv c ( R C 2 cr + r C r e p R ) 3 ig L 2 PC µ µ e n = K Other estimated CL space parameters CL node distance (at xyz axes) ~ x10-20 (m), NRM (resonance) frequency: x10 29 (Hz) SPM frequency = Compton s frequency (known): x10 20 (Hz) (8)

10 Particle Physics data for revealing the particles substructure Standard Model BSM-SG model Internal structure of proton and neutron Important features from particle physics experiments analyzed by BSM-SG: The masses of stable elementary particles and the unstable particles - pions, kaons and muons are measured with very high accuracy. The mass accuracy of other unstable particles is very poor. This is a signature that the proton and neutron have not spherical but a loop shapes enclosing other loop shape structures.

11 Elementary particles BSM-SG Model vs Standard Model BSM-SG Model The elementary particles posses superdense 3D material structures The electron and positron possesses a one coil helical structure Proton, neutron, pions and kaon are made of 3D helical structures of higher order. They are stable only in a loop configuration. If the loop is broken (in particle colliding experiments) they decay. Pion decays into muon and then to electron (positron). Intermediate decay products have a short lifetime that depends on the velocity through the CL space. Standard Model All stable and unstable particles are assumed to have a spherical (or oval) shape. No 3D material structure is envisioned. They are grouped in tables of lepton, fermions, bosons, quarks with properties denoted by metaphoric atributes: strangeness, color charge, color force, flavor, up, down, bottom, charm, strange. The unstable particles in the Standard Model are in fact fractions and combination of fractions of the helical structure from which the stable elementary particles are composed.

12 Proton and neutron and their internal structure Using BSM-SG models and the data from particle experiments the overall shape and internal structure of the proton and neutron are identified. They are composed by helical structures built by the same prisms that are embedded in the Cosmic Lattice.

13 Simplest atoms and nuclear chains The Atlas of Atomic Nuclear Structure is one of the major derivatives from the BSM-SG theory. It explains the raw and column pattern of the Periodic table, the valences, the Pauli exclusion principle, the Hund s rule, the oxygen number, the nuclear spin (NMR), the p-type of electronic orbits, the radioactivity and other properties.

14

15 Argon nucleus mockup Elevated side view Top view

16 Clickable Periodic Table of the element showing the Atomic Nuclear Structures using symbols for the protons and neutrons

17 Radioactivity. Alpha decay example Conclusion: The alpha decay is a cold fusion at room temperature. The fusion barrier is much lower than in the case of hot fusion due to the properly oriented protons in the Gd nucleus.

18

19 The simplest molecules E V C 2Eq 2E = q L L q q SG 4 2 [[ q(1)](1 απ )] C = G m = (2 hν + hν α )( L (1) L ) = C SG 0 0 c c q p SG Gm = p p k - Vibrational energy levels - Density ratio between the superdense SG matter and the atomic matter

20 Fine structure of the molecules using the BSM atomic models (Chapter 9 of BSM-SG)

21 Identification of C4H4 molecule conformations r n - internuclear distance estimated (approximately) by BSM-SG Model A - the valence protons lie in the drawing plane B - the valence protons are perpendicular to the drawing plane C - the valence protons are at 45 o in respect to the drawing plane

22 Organic Molecules

23 Ozone problem CH 4 O 3 CB CB CB CB CB CB CB Cl CB CB The chlorine molecule (or atom) attracted by the SG forces breaks the bonds CB of the ozone molecule. When the protruded section of the methane molecule is inserted into the ozone molecule hole it stabilizes it.

24 Brown gas unknown state of the water molecule The two quantum orbits of the protons in H2O molecule are with a size 2 (corresponding to a maximum quantum energy of 3.41 ev), so they can hold a total quantum energy of 2 x 3.4 = 6.8 ev. In Brown gas state of the water molecule the two electrons occupy a common orbit with a size 1 corresponding to 13.6 ev. Then the maximum total quantum energy is: 2 x 13.6 = 27.2 ev. Consequently the Brown gas molecule can hold an excessive energy of 20.4 ev at quantum mechanical level.

25 Water chain molecule with an option of a closed loop The long chain obtains a helical shape because of the interaction between the SG forces (known as Van del Waal) and the electrical repulsions between the valence protons at close proximity. If the chain forms a closed loop such molecule can store an energy at quantum mechanical level because one or more energy states could be synchronously rotated in a closed loop.

26 Energy storage mechanism of biomolecules

27 High resolution images from a tunneling microscope and synthetic images obtained by BSM-SG models of atoms

28 Application of BSM-SG atomic models in nanotechnology 3-D view of synthetic model of graphene sheet P1 and P2 protons are perpendicular to the drawing plane

29 Signature of BSM-SG model of carbon atom from high resolution electron microscopy a. Single wall Carbon sheet from TEAM microscope b. Processed image showing a signature of 2 parallel planes Single wall carbon nanotube (Courtesy of A. Javey et al. Nano Lett., 4, 1319, (2004)

30 BSM-SG publications First publication in: (2001 regularly updated) First and second electronic editions archived in National Library of Canada, (2002 and 2005) Article about the electron in Physics Essays (2003) and other articles in the on-line Journal of Theoretics. A poster report in Physics of the IIIrd Millennium Conference, 3-5 Apr 2005, Huntsville, AL, USA Report in IX International conference Space, Time, Gravitation 7-11 Aug 2006, Proceedings, St. Petersburg, Russia Presentations in four other conferences and seminars Book Beyond the Visible Universe, 2005 (popular presentation) Book Basic Structures of Matter Supergravitation Unified Theory, 2006 Trafford Publishing, full theory (paper back Amazon.com & electronic book) Books review in Physics in Canada, v. 62, No 4, , (2006)