Belle/Belle2. 1.Jul.2011
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1 Belle/Belle2 1.Jul.2011 /
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7 (1967) ( ) A. Sakharov( ) CP τ R ) τ R N R(CP R N ε ε
8 Belle/KEKB
9 (1973) Mixing Matrix CP quark(charm) 1974 Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa d s b = V ud V us V ub V cd V cs V cb V td V ts V tb d s b e j nqnib Vcb W c
10 Unitarity Triangle ( ) η VudVub VcdVcb α/φ2 VtdVtb VcdVcb γ/φ3 ρ β/φ1 1 φ 1 (β) 0 CP
11 Belle/KEKB ( 2001 ) B CP violation B J/ΨK 0 sin2φ S 1 φ 1 0 ( 2010) Overconstrain CKM triangle(the SM) NEW physics FullyLeptonicdecayB 0 τ ν Lepton Flavour Violation τ µγ b s penguin...
12 The KEKB Collider ( 50 km) TRISTAN E e /E e +=8/3.5GeV(Asymmetric) E cm =10.58GeV m Υ(4S) βγ=0.425 Collider 3km
13 Luminosity N=L(luminosity) σ( ) t( ) L peak = cm 2 sec 1 =21.1/nb sec Ldt 1020fb 1 (711MΥ(4S), ) σ(υ(4s)) 1nb 20Hz
14 Electron Gun Positron Target
15 Injection Linac Beam Transport Line
16 Positron Kicker Arc
17 SC Crab ARES
18 The Belle Detector
19 The Belle Detector
20 The Belle Detector
21 Time-DependentCP Violation f CP B 0 = B 0 f CP Mixing B 0 Mixing B 0 A CP ( t) Γ( B 0 ( t) f CP ) Γ(B 0 ( t) f CP ) Γ( B 0 ( t) f CP )+Γ(B 0 ( t) f CP ) =S sin ( m t)+a cos ( m t) IndirectCPV(S,A)=(0.65,0) DirectCPV(S,A)=(0.8,0.6) t (ps) t (ps)
22 φ 1 by B 0 J/ΨK 0 η VudVub VcdVcb α/φ2 VtdVtb VcdVcb γ/φ3 ρ β/φ1 1 A CP ( t) Γ( B 0 ( t) J/ΨK 0 S ) Γ(B0 ( t) J/ΨK 0 S ) Γ( B 0 ( t) J/ΨK 0 S )+Γ(B0 ( t) J/ΨK 0 S )= sin (2φ 1) sin ( m t)
23 Experimental Technique B(B 0 J/ΨK 0 )= CP side µ (1) + µ J/Ψ electron (8 GeV) Y(4S) Positron (3.5 GeV) B B B 0 B 0 (3) ν D 0 z ~ 200 µm π µ + π K + K 0 Tag side - Vertexing - Flavour (2) (1) f CP J/ΨK 0 (2)Flavor (B 0 or B 0 ) (3),Propertime ( z=cβγ t)
24 Belle/KEKB ( 2001 ) B CP violation B J/ΨK 0 sin2φ S 1 φ PRL87, (2001) q. ξ f = +1 q. ξ f = 1 1/N. dn/d( t) t (ps) sin2φ 1 =0excludedbymorethan6σ
25 Belle/KEKB ( 2010) Overconstrain CKM triangle(the SM) η excluded area has CL > 0.95 sin 2φ 1 ε K φ 3 m d φ 2 m d & m s ε K V ub τ ν CKM f i t t e r ICHEP 10 sol. w/ cos 2φ < 0 1 (excl. at CL > 0.95) φ φ φ ρ V ub SL ( ) φ 1
26 Belle/KEKB ( 2010) Overconstrain CKM triangle(the SM) NEW physics FullyLeptonicdecayB 0 τ ν Lepton Flavour Violation τ µγ b s penguin... Events / 0.1 GeV B τν B(B τν)=(1.64±0.39) (GeV) E ECL
27 Belle/KEKB
28 KEKB/Belle
29 Belle isamun/kaitai/
30 New Physics O(1) TeV Loop B/D/τ O(%) New Physics Flavor structure CP Violation phase? New Physics New Physics O(%) 10 8 B/D/τ upgrade Luminosity
31 SuperKEKB Accelerator
32 SuperKEKB Target KEKB Luminosity 40 Luminosity 50
33 The SuperKEKB Accelerator
34 Luminosity Luminosity L= N +N f 4πσ x σ R L y I ±ξ y± β y Luminosity, (I), beam beam (ξ y ), beam (σ y= β y ε y)
35 SuperKEKB KEKB SuperKEKB LER HER LER HER E 3.5GeV 8GeV 4GeV 7GeV φ 11 mrad 41.5 mrad I 1.6A 1.2A 3.6A 2.6A ξ β y σ y σ z 1200mm 5.9mm 0.27mm 0.3mm 0.94µm 0.94µm 48nm 62nm 6mm 6mm 6mm 5mm L peak AC Power 20 MW MW Luminosity /20
36 Luminosity HER arc ε x C qγ 2 2πρ 2 0 Bend Hds LER arc Lattice/Optics LER HER Wiggler H Dump Wiggler SR SR (ρ ) (η ) Wiggler
37 Luminosity IP β Beam IP BelleIPchamber Synchrotron Radiation
38 Beampipe Beampipe QCS Magnet Bellows Chember
39
40 Belle2 Detector Upgrade
41 The Belle II Collaboration 13 countries/regions, 57 institutes, 400 Collaborators, increasing(jan. 2011)
42 4ns 1 (2 ) Event Lumi 800/nb/sec 100 khz Trigger L130kHz/HL6kHz Background Touschek Beam-Gas Radiative Bhabha Event Rate Process σ(nb) Rate(kHz) Υ(4S) q q µ + µ τ + τ e + e γ-pair Two-γ Total Ionizing(1 10 kgy/ ) Non Ionizing ( neutrons/ /cm 2 )
43 Background L1 Trigger Rate O(10) khz 30kHz 10
44
45 The Belle II Detector
46 The Belle II Detector
47 Vertex Detector Beampipe Belle2 Belle rbeampipe 1cm 1.5cm Pixel 4X4 2X 20mmXrminGbX14mm r maxg X140mm 88mm LStrip coverage r min resolution r max K 0 S π+ π eff. (2 )+ 83mrad(was22mrad) 1m 20cm 100 W(wall current)
48 PXD DEPFETforILCadoptedtoBelle2 Thinning 50µm(0.2%X 0 total) 768 Readout 20µs = (ns)/4 360(20)W CO 2 cooling DataRate,O(10)GB/s occupancy 1 3% 4Byte/pix 30kHzL1trigrate Data reduction online track hit association reduction factor 10 r pixsize #pix lad.size #lad
49 SVD 4 ( 0.6%X 0 total) 6 wafer 3shapes(2,1 ) APV25ASIC(CMS) 128ch/chip, 160 deep analog pipe 32MHzoperation 5µspipe(L1Latency) chiponsensor Origami 6.7% occupancy( ) 90kB/evt 2.6GB/s 7#strip pitch size #APV #senser g768/768 50/ /512 75/ /512 /
50 CDC (1) BelleCDCworkedwell Cell Structure keep concept same structure, same gas, same wire Increase inner radius increasesiliconleverarm(k 0 S π+ π ) reducehitrate Increase Outer Radius Smaller outer detector(bpid) moreleverarm betterpreso Adjust cell size for occupancy AUAVAUAVA configuration de/dxreadoutforpid Belle Belle2 inner radius 88mm 168mm outer radius 863mm 1111mm # Layers # sense wire Gas He:C 2 H 6 =50:50 Wire(S/F) W(30µmφ)/ Al(120µmφ) Cell size 6mm/18mm 10/20 mm Max.DriftTime ns ns 100µm resolution mrad stereo angle
51 CDC (2) 48ch board 20 Layer Test Chamber ASD ASIC 8ch/chip Full length chamber Analogout 10bit/32MHzFADCfordE/dx Logicout(1ns) TDCinFPGA(250MHz 4φ) Bufferfor5µs RocketIO for Trigger(62.5 MHz) Development on going with Cosmic RocketIO Bell2Link
52 Particle ID 4GeVK/π 4σ Threshold Ring-Image Čerenkov Barrel TOF + ACC forcusing TOP counter Foward ACC Aerogel RICH
53 BPID TOP (1) Time of Propagation Counter with Focusing Čherenkov Light from particles propagateγ c withtotalreflection Focusing with spherical mirror record(t,x,y)ofeachγ c,15 30γ c /event compare with expectation from tracking t(tof+top) 30 50ps(4GeV), ps(2GeV) Quartz(Radiator+Mirror+ Expansion Volume) 2.6m 45cm 2cm 16 5Å!! MPC-PMT(32(16 2 ) /Bar) Waveform Digitization(4GS/s)
54 BPID TOP (2) MCP-PMT MCP-PMT SL10 MCPwith10µmφPore( Bfield) Gain 10 6 (singlephotonsensitive) Time Resolution 30 ps/photon SBA Photocathode with protection 5 5mm 2 /ch4 4readout σ T 100ps
55 FPID ARICH (1) Proximity Focusing Aerogel Ring-Image Čerenkov Detector ( 25cm 20cmgap) Aerogel Radiator 16cm 16cm 2cm 2,n 1.05 Focus (HAPD) 5mm Single Photon Sensitive@ 1.5T 4σ 4GeVK/π σ θc =14mrad(bygeometry) 6p.e. 4σ 15p.e.
56 FPID ARICH (2) 144ch HAPD 144ch HAPD mm (72mm ) Gain 10 5 Gain 1500@8kV APDGain 50@300V SBA photocathode Q.E. 25% 36chASIC 4 digital N p.e. =15.3,σ θc =13.5mrad
57 ECL (1) Calorimeter The Belle Calorimeter γ π 0 10(50) MeV 10(5) GeV σ E masscut Hermeticity ν Rate resistance 8736 CsI(Tl) Crystals cm (B)+1152(FWD)+960(BWD) λ=560nm/τ=1.3µsec(slow) p.e./mev(stochastic term ) 100 PINphotodiode2
58 ECL (2) PD/Amp Sum Shaper FADC Collector I/O Buffer 0.5µs 18 bit 2 MHz I/O 0.2µs 16 Crystal Sum FPGA WFA FPGA to FAM(Trigger) 16ch / Board 12ch / Board Trigger FINNES on COPPER Shaping 1µs 0.5µs(Scintillation ) 18bit1.8MHzADC FPGA Collector Board 12 Shaper/ADC/DSP board Collector Backend Belle2 Fiber I/O Factor 7 Background
59 ECL (3) Prototype VME Shaper Prototype FPGA Trigger Analog sum Collector prototype Collector Board ShaperDSP Data Calibraion Slow Control Parameter/Firmware Loading FiberIO 2nd Prototype Collector Prototype
60 KLM (1) Return Yoke 15 super layer Resistive Plate Chamber Ar:C 4 H 10 :HFC134a=30:8:62 ( Ω m) RPC Recover O( ) +WLS+MPPC
61 KLM (2) KLM Test Module T2KND Vladimir, 10mm 40mm 2.8m Y11MC WLS Fiber Hamamatsu MPPC 1.3mm, 50µm pitch, 667 pixel 15 30p.e./mip( )
62 Trigger (1) L1Rate30kHz Belle2 Trigger Flow HLTrigger 0.2 Latency5µsforSVD TimingReso. 10ns Interval190ns Physics Triggers Three-Tracks(B) Two-tracks(τ) TotalEnergy(B) Isolated Cluster(B) Calibration Triggers e + e,µ + µ,γ-pair Random Vetos Beam Injection Cosmic
63 Trigger (2) Sub Trigger Fine CDC ECL TOP KLM bit 180 Gbps UT3β Board Sub Trigger Fine Info. reserve Uinversal Trigger Board RocketIO for Data transfer bigfpgaforlogic
64 DAQ (1) FPGA, COPPER, PC, Switch, GbE FrontEnd Backend Belle MQT+FastbusTDC Belle2Link + Belle2HSLB PXD ( data )
65 DAQ (2) Timing/Trigger distribution Belle2link 127MHzsystemclock(1/4RF) 5Triggerpipe Latency for acknowledge 26.6µs 3.4%DAQdeadtimefor30kHz FTSW module Belle2link FrontEnd Data Transfer RocketIO/Opt Trigger/Timing reciver(rj45) JTAG interface(rj45) FPGA(Vertex5/Spartan6) Backend (B2HSLB) RocketIO/Opt(3.125 Gbps)
66 SuperKEKB/Belle First Beam
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