METRO-SUID ONDERWYSDISTRIK GRADE 12

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1 METRO-SUID ONDERWYSDISTRIK GRADE 12 FISIESE WETENSKAPPE: CHEMIE (V2) SEPTEMBER 2015 PUNTE: 150 TYD: 3 hours Hierdie vraestel bestaan uit 16 bladsye en 4 inligtingsblaaie.

2 Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 2 September 2015 NSS INSTRUKSIES EN INLIGTING 1. Skryf jou eksamennommer en sentrumnommer in die toepaslike ruimtes op die ANTWOORDEBOEK neer Hierdie vraestel bestaan uit ELF vrae. Beantwoord AL die vrae in die ANTWOORDEBOEK. Begin ELKE vraag op 'n NUWE bladsy in die ANTWOORDEBOEK. Nommer die antwoorde korrek volgens die nommeringstelsel wat in hierdie vraestel gebruik is. Laat EEN reël oop tussen twee subvrae, byvoorbeeld tussen VRAAG 2.1 en VRAAG 2.2. Jy mag 'n nieprogrammeerbare sakrekenaar gebruik. Jy mag toepaslike wiskundige instrumente gebruik. Jy word aangeraai om die aangehegte GEGEWENSBLAAIE te gebruik. Toon ALLE formules en substitusies in ALLE berekeninge. Rond jou finale numeriese antwoorde tot 'n minimum van TWEE desimale plekke af. Gee kort (bondige) motiverings, besprekings, ensovoorts waar nodig. Skryf netjies en leesbaar.

3 3 Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 NSS September 2015 VRAAG 1: MEERVOUDIGEKEUSE-VRAE Vier opsies word as moontlike antwoorde op die volgende vrae gegee. Elke vraag het slegs EEN korrekte antwoord. Skryf slegs die letter (A D) langs die vraagnommer ( ) op jou ANTWOORDSTEL neer, byvoorbeeld 1.11 C. 1.1 Watter EEN van die volgende stel n molekulêre formule van n verbinding voor wat aan dieselfde homoloë reeks as but-2-yn behoort. A C6H6 B C6H10 C C6H12 D C6H14. (2) 1.2 Watter EEN van die volgende stellings is VERKEERD? A Sonneblomolie ondergaan hidrogenering om margarine te vorm B Alkyne is meer reaktief as alkene C Alkyne sal n broomoplossing ontkleur sonder die hulp van UV-lig D Alkane ondergaan oor die algemeen addisiereaksies en alkene sal meestal eliminasie reaksies ondergaan. (2) 1.3 Watter EEN van die volgende organiese verbindings sal die LAAGSTE kookpunt het? A B C Propanoësuur Propan-1-ol Propan-2-ol D Propanaal. (2)

4 4 Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 NSS September Beskou die volgende reaksie: 2 SO3(g) 2 SO2(g) + O2(g) H = 198 kj mol -1 Watter EEN van die volgende is WAAR vir die reaksie? Wanneer 2 mol SO2(g) gevorm word, word A 198 kj energie absorbeer B 198 kj energie vrygestel C 396 kj energie absorbeer D 396 kj energie vrygestel. (2) 1.5 Watter EEN van die volgende is 'n primêre voedingstof wat deur plante benodig word? A B C D N C Mg Na (2) 1.6 Die teenwoordigheid van opgeloste kunsmisstowwe wat ryk is aan nitrate en fosfate kan lei tot A eutrofikasie B besoedeling C gronderosie D klimaatsverandering. (2)

5 5 Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 NSS September Die grafiek verteenwoordig die verandering in die reaksietempo teenoor tyd vir die omkeerbare reaksie wat plaasvind wanneer waterstofgas (H2) en jodiumgas (I2) in n geslote houer geplaas word. Die vergelyking vir die reaksie is: H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g) H < 0 Ewewig was na 5 minute bereik. Watter verandering was by 15 minute aangebring tot die reaksietempo soos aangedui op die grafiek? A B C n Katalisator was bygevoeg. n Toename in temperatuur. n Afname in temperatuur. D n Afname in die eksterne druk van die reaksiemengsel. (2) 1.8 Watter EEN van die volgende swak sure, elk met n konsentrasie van 0,1 mol dm -3, sal die HOOGSTE ph-waarde het? Suur Ka-waarde A H2S (aq) 1,0x10 7 B H2CO3 (aq) 4,2x10 7 C H2SO3 (aq) 1,2x10 2 D (COOH)2 (aq) 5,6x10 2 (2)

6 6 Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 NSS September Die volgende vergelykings verteenwoordig twee hipotetiese halfreaksies. Die standaardreduksiepotensiale word ook verskaf: X2 + 2e- 2X + 1,09 V Y + + e- Y - 2,8 V Watter EEN van die volgende stowwe van die hipotetiese halfreaksies het die grootste waarskynlikheid om elektrone te skenk? A X B X2 C Y D Y +. (2) 1.10 Oorweeg die onderstaande elektrochemiese sel: Cu 2+ Die korrekte selnotasie vir bostaande sel wat onder standaardtoestande funksioneer, is: A B C D Cu / Cu 2+ // Cl - / Cl2 Pt / Cl - // Cu 2+ / Cu Cu 2+ / Cu // Cl - / Cl2 / Pt Cu / Cu 2+ // Cl2 / Cl - / Pt (2) [20]

7 7 Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 NSS September 2015 VRAAG 2 Letters A F in die tabel hieronder verteenwoordig ses organiese verbindings. A heksanoësuur B CH3-CH2-CH2 OH H CH3 H H C H C C C C C H H CH3 H H D Br O CH3 CH CH CH2 CH2 C CH3 CH3 E CH3CH2CH2CHO F CHCCH3 Gebruik die informasie in die tabel (waar van toepassing) om die volgende vrae te beantwoord: 2.1 Skryf slegs die LETTER van n verbinding wat die volgende verteenwoordig: ( n verbinding kan meer as een keer of glad nie gebruik word) n onversadigde verbinding. (1) n hidroksielgroep as n funksionele groep. (1) 2.2 Skryf neer die: IUPAC-naam van verbinding C. (2) IUPAC-naam van verbinding D. (2) struktuurformule van verbinding F. (1) 2.3 Oorweeg die begrip ISOMERE: Watter verbinding in die tabel is n funksionele isomeer van etielbutanoaat? (1) Teken die struktuurformule van n kettingisomeer van verbinding E. (2) 2.4 Teken die struktuurformule van die organiese verbinding wat gevorm word wanneer verbindings A en B reageer in die teenwoordigheid van gekonsentreerde swawelsuur. (3) [13]

8 8 Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 NSS September 2015 VRAAG 3 Beskou die volgende reaksie van organiese verbindings: Reaksie 1: H H H H l l l l H C C C C H l l l l H Br H H + NaOH X + NaBr Reaksie 2: H H H H l l l l H C C C C H l l l l H Br H H + NaOH Y + NaBr + H2O Reaksie 3: CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 hitte, katalisator CH2CH2 + Z + CH3CH3 + Reaksie 1 gebruik n verdunde oplossing van NaOH terwyl Reaksie 2 gebruik n gekonsentreerde oplossing van NaOH in warm etanol. 3.1 Oorweeg reaksie 1: X is die hoofproduk wat gevorm word. Teken die struktuurformule van X. (2) Benoem die tipe reaksie. (1) 3.2 Oorweeg reaksie 2: Teken die struktuurformule van hoofproduk, Y. (2) Benoem die tipe reaksie. (1) 3.3 Oorweeg reaksie 3: Benoem die tipe eliminasiereaksie. (1) Gee die gekondenseerde formule van produk Z. (2) 3.4 Verbinding Z is n monomeer van n polimeer wat gebruik word om plastieksakke te maak: Skryf neer die NAAM en GEKONDENSEERDE STRUKTUURFORMULE van hierdie polimeer. (3) Beskryf die tipe polimerisasie wat die polimeer in VRAAG vorm. (2) [14]

9 9 Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 NSS September 2015 VRAAG Alkane word primêr gebruik as brandstowwe. Bestudeer die energiewaardes van verskillende verbindings: Brandstof Energie in kj mol -1 Energie in kj g -1 Steenkool petrol (C8H18) Butaan Metaan 890? Maak gebruik van molekulêre formules om n gebalanseerde vergelyking vir die volledige verbranding van butaan te skryf. (3) Bepaal met behulp van n berekening watter brandstof, butaan of metaan, stel die meeste energie per massa-eenheid (g) vry. (3) Gee EEN rede waarom baie nywerhede steenkool verkies as brandstof ten spite van n lae energie per mol verhouding. (1) 4.2 Bestudeer die kookpunt van die volgende alkane: Alkaan Kookpunt ( O C) Molekulêre Massa (g/mol) Propaan Metielpropaan - 11,7 58 Butaan - 0,5 58 Pentaan Verduidelik waarom die kookpunt van pentaan hoër is as die van butaan. Verwys na struktuur, sterkte van intermolekulêre kragte (IMK s) en energie in jou antwoord. (3) Metielpropaan is n isomer van butaan. Verduidelik waarom dit n laer kookpunt het as butaan ten spite van die feit dat die molekulêre massa dieselfde is. (2) Waarom dit belangrik is dat die verbindings dieselfde molekulêre massa (of naastenby dieselfde is) het wanneer die kookpunte van butaan en metielpropaan vergelyk word? (1) Watter verbinding in bostaande tabel besit die hoogste dampdruk? (1) [14]

10 10 Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 NSS September 2015 VRAAG 5 Sarah wil graag reaksietempo ondersoek. Sy plaas n glasbeker gevul met verdunde salpetersuur op n sensitiewe skaal in n dampkas. Sy voeg n paar stukke koper metaal in die glasbeker. Die massa van die glasbeker en die inhoud word elke 15 s gemeet van die oomblik dat die koper metaal in die glasbeker gegooi word totdat geen koper metaal meer teenwoordig is nie. 114,6 verdunde salpetersuur koper Die volgende resultate was verkry: Tyd (s) Massa van glasbeker en inhoud (g) Afname in massa (g) 0 114,6 0, ,0 0, ,4 2, ,4 4, ,4 5, ,7 5, ,4 6, ,3 6, ,3 6, ,3 6, ,3 6,3 Die reaksie wat plaasvind word voorgestel deur die volgende vergelyking: Cu(s) + 4HNO3 (aq) Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 4NO (g) + 2H2O (l) H > Verskaf n reder waarom die massa van die glasbeker en die inhoud AFNEEM. (1) 5.2 Gebruik die waardes in die tabel en bereken die gemiddelde reaksietempo in g s -1 vir die totale 150 s van die reaksie. (3)

11 11 Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 NSS September 2015 Bestudeer onderstaande grafiek wat Afname in massa teenoor Tyd aandui: Afname in massa (g) Tyd (s) 5.3 Gee n rede vir die vorm van die grafiek vanaf 105 s tot 120 s. (1) 5.4 Gee n rede waarom die reaksietempo TOENEEM tussen 0 s en 30 s. (1) die reaksietempo AFNEEM tussen 45 s en 105 s. (1) 5.5 Gebruik die botsingsteorie om jou antwoord in VRAAG te verduidelik. (2) 5.6 Bereken die massa koper wat gebruik word in die reaksie. (4) [13]

12 12 Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 NSS September 2015 VRAAG 6 Die vinnige toename in menslike bevolking het n toenemende aanvraag na voedsel tot gevolg. Plaasboere moet jaarliks kunsmis toedien tot die landerye om hierdie aanvraag te bereik. 6.1 Verduidelik waarom plaasboere JAARLIKS kunsmis aan dieselfde grond moet toedien. (1) 6.2 Skryf EEN nadelige impak wat n oormaat kunsmis op mense kan het. (2) 6.3 Swawelsuur is n belangrike bestandeel vir die vervaardiging van kunsmis. Onderstaande vergelyking verteenwoordig een van die stappe tydens die industriële bereiding van swawelsuur: 2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) 2 S O 3 (g) H < Benoem die industriële proses wat gebruik word om swawelsuur te berei. (1) Skryf neer die NAAM of FORMULE van die katalisator wat gebruik word. (1) Swaweltrioksied (SO3) los in oleum op om gekonsentreerde swawelsuur te vorm. Skryf neer die FORMULE van oleum. (1) Skryf die FORMULE van die kunsmis wat gevorm word wanneer swawelsuur reageer met ammoniak. (2) Swawelsuur speel ook n rol om fosfate te verander in superfosfate. (a) Verduidelik waarom hierdie proses noodsaaklik is? (1) (b) Noem EEN natuurlike (organiese) bron van fosfate. (1) 6.4 Die reaksie in VRAAG 6.3 bereik ewewig by 350 O C in n 2 dm 3 geslote houer. Tydens verdere analise, word gevind dat dit 0,8 mol SO2, 0,5 mol O2 en 0,6 mol SO3 bevat Verduidelik wat word bedoel met term ewewig. (2) Hoe moet die druk in die houer verander word of die produksie van SO3 te verhoog? Skryf slegs VERHOOG of AFNEEM. (1) Gebruik Le Chatelier se Beginsel om jou antwoord in VRAAG te verduidelik. (2) Die temperatuur word nou verhoog tot 500 O C en die reaksie word toegelaat om ewewig te bereik by die nuwe temperatuur. By verdure ondersoek word gevind dat, 0,3 mol SO2 teenwoordig is in die houer. Bereken die ewewigskonstante by 500 O C. (7) By watter temperatuur sal die Kc-waarde groter wees as: 350 O C of 500 O C? (1) [23]

13 13 Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 NSS September 2015 VRAAG 7 Anhidriese oksaalsuur is n voorbeeld van n diprotiese suur en ioniseer in twee stappe soos voorgestel in onderstaande vergelykings: I: (COOH)2 (aq) + H2O (l) H3O + (aq) + H(COO)2 - (aq) II: H(COO)2 - (aq) + H2O (l) H3O + (aq) + (COO)2 2- (aq) 7.1 Skryf neer: wat word bedoel met n diprotiese suur? (1) die FORMULEs van elk van die TWEE bassisse in reaksie II. (2) die FORMULE van die verbinding wat optree as n amfoliet in reaksies I en II. (1) 7.2 Oksaalsuur is n swak suur en daarom sal dit altyd n verdunde oplossing vorm Is n swak suur altyd n verdunde suur? (1) Verduidelik jou antwoord in VRAAG (2) 7.3 n Standaardoplossing van (COOH)2 met n konsentrasie van 0,2 mol dm -3 word voorberei deur n bepaalde hoeveelheid anhidriese oksaalsuur, (COOH)2 2H2O, in water in n 250 cm 3 volumetriese fles op te los. Bereken die massa oksaalsuur wat benodig word om n standaardoplossing voor te berei. (4)

14 14 Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 NSS September Tydens titrasie word 25 cm 3 van die standaardoplossing van (COOH)2 voorberei in VRAAG 7.3 word geneutraliseer deur n natriumhidroksiedoplossing van n buret. Die gebalanseerde vergelyking vir die reaksie is: (COOH)2 (aq) + 2 NaOH (aq) (COONa)2 (aq) + 2 H2O (l) Onderstaande diagramme toon onderskeidelik die buretlesings voor die titrasie begin en by eindpunt Verduidelik wat bedoel word met die eindpunt van titrasie? (1) Watter indikator is die mees geskikste vir hierdie titrasie? Kies vanuit: fenolftaleïen / broomtimolblou / metieloranje. (1) Gebruik die buretlesings en bereken die konsentrasie van die natriumhidroksied-oplossing. (5) Wat sal die ph van die oplossing by die eindpunt wees? Skryf slegs minder as 7, gelyk aan 7 of groter 7, neer. (1) Skryf neer n gebalanseerde vergelyking wat jou antwoord in VRAAG sal verduidelik. (3) Gebruik die antwoord in VRAAG en bereken die ph vir die natriumhidroksied-oplossing. (4) [22]

15 15 Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 NSS September 2015 VRAAG 8 Bestudeer onderstaande elektrochemiese sel: In die eerste elektrochemiese sel word die Cr/Cr 3+ halfsel verbind aan n Ag/Ag + half-sel. Beide elektroliete is nitrate onder standaardtoestande. Die aanvanklike lesing op die voltmeter is 1,54 V. 8.1 Watter tipe elektrochemiese sel word voorgestel? (1) 8.2 Noem die standaardtoestande waaronder die sel funksioneer. (2) 8.3 Skryf neer die halfreaksie wat by die anode plaasvind. (2) 8.4 Skryf neer die netto ioniese selreaksie (gebruik halfreaksies). (2) 8.5 Hoe sal die aanvanklike lesing op die voltmeter verander indien n groter Cr-plaat gebruik word? (1) die Ag + -oplossing se konsentrasie verdubbel? (1) die Ag/Ag + halfsel vervang word met n Sr/Sr 2+ halfsel? (1) Skryf slegs TOENEEM, AFNEEM of GEEN VERANDERING. 8.6 Die Ag/Ag + halfsel word nou vervang deur n onbekende elektrode X in sy elektroliet. Wanneer dit onder standaardtoestande funksioneer is die aanvanklike voltmeterlesing 1,08 V. Nadat die stroom vir n tydjie gelewer word, word waargeneem dat die massa van die Cr-elektrode AFNEEM Watter electrode is die anode: Cr or X? (2) Identifiseer metaal X deur die standaard-reduksiepotensiaal vir X te bereken. (5) [17]

16 16 Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 NSS September 2015 VRAAG 9 Die eenvoudige diagram van n membraansel wat gebruik word in die chloor-alkaliindustrie, word hieronder getoon. Gas A, gas B en verbinding C is die drie hoofprodukte wat tydens hierdie proses gevorm word. Gas A Membraan Gas B Water Verbinding C _ Gebruikte soutoplossing Kragbron + Pekel 9.1 Wat is pekel? (1) 9.2 Identifiseer die gas B wat by die positiewe terminaal produseer word. (2) 9.3 Beskou die volgende standard-reduksiepotensiale: Na + + e- Na (s) E Ө = - 2,71 V 2H2O + 2e- H2(g) + 2OH - Cl2(g) + 2e- 2Cl - EӨ = - 0,83 V E Ө = 1,36 V Verduidelik waarom H2O gereduseer word in plaas van Na +. (2) Skryf neer die FORMULE vir verbinding C. (2) 9.4 Wat is die funksie van die membraan? (1) 9.5 Verskaf die kragbron WS of GS stroom? (1) 9.6 Verskaf n rede waarom vir jou keuse in VRAAG 9.5. (1) [10] TOTAAL: 150

17 Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 17 September 2015 NSS DATA FOR PHYSICAL SCIENCES GRADE 12 PAPER 2 (CHEMISTRY) GEGEWENS VIR FISIESE WETENSKAPPE GRAAD 12 VRAESTEL 2 (CHEMIE) TABLE 1: PHYSICAL CONSTANTS/TABEL 1: FISIESE KONSTANTES NAME/NAAM SYMBOL/SIMBOOL VALUE/WAARDE Standard pressure Standaarddruk Molar gas volume at STP Molêre gasvolume by STD Standard temperature Standaardtemperatuur Charge on electron Lading op elektron Avogadro's constant Avogadro-konstante p 1,013 x 10 5 Pa V m 22,4 dm 3 mol -1 T e 273 K -1,6 x C N A 6,02 x mol -1 TABLE 2: FORMULAE/TABEL 2: FORMULES m n M n c or/of V c a v a na c v n b b b m c MV n n N N A V V m ph = -log[h 3 O + ] K w = [H 3 O + ][OH - ] = 1 x at/by 298 K E cell E E / E cathode anode sel E katode E anode or/of E E E / E cell reduction oxidation sel E reduksie E oksidasie or/of E E E / E cell oxidising agent reducing agent sel E oksideermiddel E reduseermiddel

18 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,9 1,0 2,1 90 Th Pa 92 U Np 94 Pu 95 Am 96 Cm 97 Bk 98 Cf 99 Es 100 Fm 101 Md 102 No 103 Lr Fr 0,9 Ac 58 Ce Pr Nd Pm 62 Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Ra Cs 133 0,9 56 Ba La 139 1,6 72 Hf Ta W Re Os 77 Ir 78 Pt 79 Au 80 Hg 1,8 81 Tl 1,8 82 Pb 1,9 83 Bi 2,0 84 Po 2,5 85 At 86 Rn Rb 1,0 38 Sr 1,2 39 Y 1,4 40 Zr 41 Nb 1,8 42 Mo 1,9 43 Tc 2,2 44 Ru 101 2,2 45 Rh 103 2,2 46 Pd 106 1,9 47 Ag 108 1,7 48 Cd 112 1,7 49 In 115 1,8 50 Sn 119 1,9 51 Sb 122 2,1 52 Te 128 2,5 53 I Xe K 1,0 20 Ca 1,3 21 Sc 1,5 22 Ti 1,6 23 V 1,6 24 Cr 1,5 25 Mn 1,8 26 Fe 1,8 27 Co 1,8 28 Ni 1,9 29 Cu 63, ,6 30 Zn 1,6 31 Ga 1,8 32 Ge 2,0 33 As 2,4 34 Se 2,8 35 Br 36 Kr Na 1,2 12 Mg Approximate relative atomic mass Benaderde relatiewe atoommassa 1,5 13 Al 1,8 14 Si 2,1 15 P 2,5 16 S 3,0 17 Cl 35, Ar 7 3 Li 1,5 4 Be Electronegativity Elektronegatiwiteit 1,9 2,0 5 B 2,5 6 C 3,0 7 N 3,5 8 O 4,0 9 F 10 Ne 1 29 Cu 63,5 Symbol Simbool 1 H 2 He 4 1 (I) 2 (II) (III) Atomic number KEY/SLEUTEL Atoomgetal 14 (IV) 15 (V) 16 (VI) 17 (VII) 18 (VIII) Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 18 September 2015 NSS TABLE 3: THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS TABEL 3: DIE PERIODIEKE TABEL VAN ELEMENTE

19 Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 19 September 2015 NSS TABLE 4A: STANDARD REDUCTION POTENTIALS TABEL 4A: STANDAARD-REDUKSIEPOTENSIALE Half-reactions/Halfreaksies E (V) F 2(g) + 2e 2F + 2,87 Co 3+ + e Co ,81 H 2O 2 + 2H + +2e 2H 2O +1,77 MnO 4 + 8H+ + 5e Mn H 2O + 1,51 Cl 2(g) + 2e 2Cl + 1,36 Cr 2O H+ + 6e 2Cr H 2O + 1,33 O 2(g) + 4H + + 4e 2H 2O + 1,23 MnO 2 + 4H + + 2e Mn H 2O + 1,23 Pt e Pt + 1,20 Br 2(l) + 2e 2Br + 1,07 NO 3 + 4H+ + 3e NO(g) + 2H 2O + 0,96 Increasing oxidising ability/toenemende oksiderende vermoë Hg e Hg(l) + 0,85 Ag + + e Ag + 0,80 NO 3 + 2H+ + e NO 2(g) + H 2O + 0,80 Fe 3+ + e Fe ,77 O 2(g) + 2H + + 2e H 2O 2 + 0,68 I 2 + 2e 2I + 0,54 Cu + + e Cu + 0,52 SO 2 + 4H + + 4e S + 2H 2O + 0,45 2H 2O + O 2 + 4e 4OH + 0,40 Cu e Cu + 0,34 SO H+ + 2e SO 2(g) + 2H 2O + 0,17 Cu 2+ + e Cu + + 0,16 Sn e Sn ,15 S + 2H + + 2e H 2S(g) + 0,14 2H + + 2e H 2(g) 0,00 Fe e Fe 0,06 Pb e Pb 0,13 Sn e Sn 0,14 Ni e Ni 0,27 Co e Co 0,28 Cd e Cd 0,40 Cr 3+ + e Cr 2+ 0,41 Fe e Fe 0,44 Cr e Cr 0,74 Zn e Zn 0,76 2H 2O + 2e H 2(g) + 2OH 0,83 Cr e Cr 0,91 Mn e Mn 1,18 Al e Al 1,66 Mg e Mg 2,36 Na + + e Na 2,71 Ca e Ca 2,87 Sr e Sr 2,89 Ba e Ba 2,90 Cs + + e - Cs - 2,92 K + + e K 2,93 Li + + e Li 3,05 Increasing reducing ability/toenemende reduserende vermoë

20 Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 20 NSS September 2015 TABLE 4B: STANDARD REDUCTION POTENTIALS TABEL 4B: STANDAARD-REDUKSIEPOTENSIALE Increasing oxidising ability/toenemende oksiderende vermoë Half-reactions/Halfreaksies E (V) Li + + e Li 3,05 K + + e K 2,93 Cs + + e Cs 2,92 Ba e Ba 2,90 Sr e Sr 2,89 Ca e Ca 2,87 Na + + e Na 2,71 Mg e Mg 2,36 Al e Al 1,66 Mn e Mn 1,18 Cr e Cr 0,91 2H 2O + 2e H 2(g) + 2OH 0,83 Zn e Zn 0,76 Cr e Cr 0,74 Fe e Fe 0,44 Cr 3+ + e Cr 2+ 0,41 Cd e Cd 0,40 Co e Co 0,28 Ni e Ni 0,27 Sn e Sn 0,14 Pb e Pb 0,13 Fe e Fe 0,06 2H + + 2e H 2(g) 0,00 S + 2H + + 2e H 2S(g) + 0,14 Sn e Sn ,15 Cu 2+ + e Cu + + 0,16 SO H+ + 2e SO 2(g) + 2H 2O + 0,17 Cu e Cu + 0,34 2H 2O + O 2 + 4e 4OH + 0,40 SO 2 + 4H + + 4e S + 2H 2O + 0,45 Cu + + e Cu + 0,52 I 2 + 2e 2I + 0,54 O 2(g) + 2H + + 2e H 2O 2 + 0,68 Fe 3+ + e Fe ,77 NO 3 + 2H+ + e NO 2(g) + H 2O + 0,80 Ag + + e Ag + 0,80 Hg e Hg(l) + 0,85 NO 3 + 4H+ + 3e NO(g) + 2H 2O + 0,96 Br 2(l) + 2e 2Br + 1,07 Pt e Pt + 1,20 MnO 2 + 4H + + 2e Mn H 2O + 1,23 O 2(g) + 4H + + 4e 2H 2O + 1,23 Cr 2O H+ + 6e 2Cr H 2O + 1,33 Cl 2(g) + 2e 2Cl + 1,36 MnO 4 + 8H+ + 5e Mn H 2O + 1,51 H 2O 2 + 2H + +2 e 2H 2O +1,77 Co 3+ + e Co ,81 F 2(g) + 2e 2F + 2,87 Increasing reducing ability/toenemende reduserende vermoë

21 METRO SOUTH EDUCATION DISTRICT GRADE 12 PHYSICAL SCIENCES: PHYSICS (P2) SEPTEMBER 2015 MARKS: 150 TIME: 3 hours This memorandum consists of 11 pages.

22 2 Physical Sciences P2 NSC September 2015 METROSOUTH PHYSICAL SCIENCE PAPER 2 - SEP 2015 MEMORANDUM METROSUID FISIESE WETENSKAPPE VRAESTEL 2 - SEP 2015 MEMORANDUM QUESTION 1 / VRAAG B (2) 1.2 D (2) 1.3 D (2) 1.4 C (2) 1.5 A (2) 1.6 A (2) 1.7 C (2) 1.8 A (2) 1.9 C (2) 1.10 D (2) TOTAL [20] Common examination for participating schools in Metro South Education District (MSED).

23 3 Physical Sciences P2 NSC September 2015 QUESTION 2 / VRAAG C or F (any one correct) (1) B (1) ,3-dimethyl pent-2-ene 2,3-dimetielpent-2-een (2) bromo-5-methyl heptan-2-one 6-bromo-5-metielheptan-2-oon (2) H H C C C H H (0/1 if functional group correct, but structure incorrect.) (1) A (hexanoic acid) (heksanoësuur) H H C H H H O same funct. Grp. / dieselfde funks gr H C C C C H rest of compound / res van verb H H H (2) 2.4 methyl funct grp hexanoate metiel funks grp heksanoaat H H H O H H H H H H C C C O C C C C C C H H H H H H H H H (2) [13] Common examination for participating schools in Metro South Education District (MSED).

24 4 Physical Sciences P2 NSC September 2015 QUESTION 3 / VRAAG H H H H l l l l O H (accept OH) H C C C C H l l l l compound H O H H l H (2) Substitution / Substitusie (1) H H H double bond in butane / dubbelbinding H C C C C H correct position / korrekte posisie H H H (2) Elimination / Dehydrohalogenation Eliminasie / Dehidrohalogenering (1) Cracking / Kraking (1) CH2CH2 (max 1 if structural formula given) (2) Polyethene (accept polythene) / politeen (1) H H [ C C ]n H H (Addition) A reaction in which small molecules (monomers) join to form very large molecules (polymers) by adding on double bonds. (Addisie) n Reaksie waarin klein molekule (monomere) verbind om baie groot molekuul (polimere) te vorm deur byvoeging by dubbelbindings (2) (3) [14] Common examination for participating schools in Metro South Education District (MSED).

25 5 Physical Sciences P2 NSC September 2015 QUESTION 4 / VRAAG C4H O2 8 CO H2O LHS RHS bal (3) For 1 mol of each: butane: energy = = 45, 45kJ g (ignore units) methane: energy = = 55, 63kJ g (ignore units if same as) Methane releases more energy / Metaan stel meer energie vry (3) SA has an abundant supply / SA het oormaat voorraad It is a solid and thus easier to handle / Is n vaste stof en dus makliker om te hanteer It doesn t react too quickly its energy release can be controlled / Dit reageer nie so vining nie vrystelling van energie kan beheer word (any ONE / Enige EEN) (1) Pentane has a longer chain (larger molecule), thus will have stronger IMF s that require more energy to overcome. Pentaan het n langer ketting (groter molekuul), daarom sterker IMK, wat meer energie benodig om bindings te breek (3) Methylpropane has a branched structure thus a smaller surface area (or ) thus weaker IMFs that need to be overcome Metielpropaan het n vertakte ketting, dus kleiner oppervlakarea, dus swakker IMK om te oorkom (2) So that only 1 independent variable is considered / Slegs 1 onafhanklike veranderlike (1) Propane / Propaan (1) [14] Common examination for participating schools in Metro South Education District (MSED).

26 6 Physical Sciences P2 NSC September 2015 QUESTION 5 / VRAAG NO (a product) is a gas (and escapes) OR not a closed system NO (produk) is n gas (en ontsnap) OF nie n geslote sisteem nie (1) 5.2 ave rate = m t 6, 3 1 = = 0, 06g s 105 substitution answer (& unit required) (3) 5.3 Reaction is completed / all Cu (reactant) used up (not: equilibrium) (1) Reaksie is voltooi / al die Cu (reaktant) is opgebruik (nie: ekwilibrium) Temp increased / heat given off / in exothermic reaction Temperatuur neem toe / hitte word vrygestel / eksotermiese reaksie (1) Conc of HNO3 decreased / reactants are being used up Konsentrasie van HNO3 neem af / reaktanse word opgebruik (1) 5.5 The number of particles has decreased thus fewer effective collisions occur per second. Die aantal deeltjies neem af dus minder effektiewe botsings per sekonde (2) m 6, NO : n = = = 0, 21mol formula if used molar mass M 30 ncu : nno = 1:4 ncu = 4 x 0,21 = 0,84 mol use ratio to calc mol Cu mcu = n x M = 0,84 x 63,5 = 53,34g answer (& unit required) (4) [17] Common examination for participating schools in Metro South Education District (MSED).

27 7 Physical Sciences P2 NSC September 2015 QUESTION 6 / VRAAG Fertilisers must replenish nutrients used by growing of crops Kunsmis moet voedingstowwe vervang / gebruik om gewasse te lewer (1) 6.2 Excessive fertiliser seeps/washes into groundwater and contaminates drinking water Oormatige kunsmisstowwe beland in grondwater / en besmet drinkwater Excessive fertiliser run-off can lead to eutrophication which depletes aquatic life which serves as a food source Oormatige kunsmisstowwe kan lei tot eutrifikasie / visse as voedselbron uitgeput Excessive fertilisation can damage crops which leads to a smaller harvest Oormatige toediening van kunsmis kan oeste beskadig / lei tot kleiner oeste Any ONE of the above / Slegs EEN van bostaande (2) Contact Process / Kontakproses (1) Vanadium pentoxide / vanadium (IV)oxide / V2O5 (1) H2S2O7. (1) (NH4)2SO4 (2) (a) To make phosphates soluble / Fosfate oplosbaar (1) (b) Guano / bone meal / fish meal / Ghwano / beenmeel / vismeel (1) Common examination for participating schools in Metro South Education District (MSED).

28 8 Physical Sciences P2 NSC September A dynamic equilibrium when the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction. n Dinamiese ewewig wanneer die tempo van die voorwaartse reaksie gelyk is aan die tempo van die terugwaartse reaksie (2) Increased / Toeneem (1) When the pressure is increased, the reaction that decreases pressure by decreasing the number of moles (particles) is favoured thus the forward reaction. Wanneer die druk toeneem, sal die reaksie die druk verlaag deur die verlaging in aantal molekules te bevoordeel dus die voorwaartse reaksie (2) SO2 + O2 2 SO3 n start: 0,8 0,5 0,6 n reacts/forms: 0,5 0,25 0,5 ratio n equilib: 0,3 0,25 1,1 calc conc: c=n/v 0,15 0,125 0, [ SO3] ( 0, 55) K c = = = 107, 56 Kc expression subt answ (7) 2 2 [ SO ] [ O ] ( 015, ) ( 0125, ) O C. (1) [23] Common examination for participating schools in Metro South Education District (MSED).

29 9 Physical Sciences P2 NSC September 2015 QUESTION 7 / VRAAG An acid that can donate two protons / n Suur wat twee proton kan skenk (1) H2O (COO)2 2- (2) H(COO)2 - (1) No. (1) A weak acid does not ionise completely (or and forms a low concentration of H3O + ions) while a dilute solution contains a small amount of moles acid per volume water and does not depend on whether the acid is strong or weak. n Swak suur ioniseer nie volledig nie (vorm lae konsentrasie van H3O + -ione) terwyl n verdunde oplossing n klein hoeveelheid (getal mol) suur in verhouding met die volume water bevat ongeag of die suur sterk of swak is. (2) 7.3 m c = if used M V m 0, 2 = 126 0, Endpoint: the point when the indicator changes colour 126 0,25 m = 6.3 g (4) Eindpunt: die punt wanneer die indikator van kleur verander (1) Phenolphthalein / Fenolftaleïen (1) c V c a b V a b n = n a b 0, 2 c b = 1 2 cb = 0,28 mol dm -3 formula (if used) 0,2x25 36 ratio answer (5) Greater than 7 / groter as 7 (1) (COO)2 2- (aq) + 2 H2O (COOH)2 (aq) + 2 OH - (aq) LHS RHS bal Accept single protonation; accept (COONa)2 + NaOH + (3) From 7.4.3: [OH - ] = 0,28 mol.dm -3 = 28 x 10-2 mol.dm -3 (+ marking) [H3O + ][OH - ] = 1 x (if used) [H3O + ] = 1 xx xx 10 2 =3,571 xx mmmmmm. ddmm 3 ( ) pppp = log[pp 3 OO + ] (if used ) pppp = log[3,571 xx ]( ) pppp = 13,45 (4) Common examination for participating schools in Metro South Education District (MSED). [26]

30 10 Physical Sciences P2 NSC September 2015 QUESTION 8 / VRAAG Galvanic or voltaic / Galvaniese of voltaïese sel (1) 8.2 T = 25 O C conc = 1 mol dm -3 (2) 8.3 Cr Cr e- LHS RHS (2) 8.4 Cr + 3Ag + Cr Ag LHS RHS (2) no change / geen verandering (1) increase / toeneem (1) increase / toeneem (1) Cr (2) E Ө cell = E Ө reduction - E Ө oxidation (if used) 1,08 = E Ө X - (- 0,74) E Ө X = 0,34 V X = Cu (5) [17] Common examination for participating schools in Metro South Education District (MSED).

31 11 Physical Sciences P2 NSC September 2015 QUESTION 9 / VRAAG Concentrated solution of sodium chloride / Gekonsentreerde oplossing van natriumchloried (1) 9.2 Cl2 OR chlorine / chloor (2) H2O is a stronger oxidising agent than Na + / H2O is n sterker oksideermiddel as Na + (2) NaOH (2) 9.4 To prevent the solutions mixing but to allow only positive sodium ions through Om te verhoed dat die oplossings meng, maar om slegs positiewe natriumione deur te laat (1) 9.5 DC / GS (1) 9.6 AC would cause the reaction to reverse (and thus desired products not produced) WS sal reaksie omkeer (dus gewenste produkte nie geproduseer nie) (1) [10] TOTAL: 150 Common examination for participating schools in Metro South Education District (MSED).

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