Modeling of Fluid Industry Based on Flexible Neural Tree

Transcription

1 Iteratoal Joural of Comuter Theory ad Egeerg, Vol., No., Arl 009 Modelg of Flud Idustry Based o Flexle Neural Tree QU Shou-g, LIU Zhao-la, CUI Guag-qag, ad FUA-fag Astract Realzg otmal cotrol of flud dustry s a dffcult rolem due to ts features of comlexty, strog correlato, o-lear ad ucertaty. For solvg the rolem, we roose uld the whole model for t. Cemet roducto rocess s take as a stace, ad ts roducto rocess model s gotte y evolvg flexle eural tree (FNT. The FNT model s structure ad arameters are otmzed y roalstc cremetal rogram evoluto (IE ad smulato aealg (SA resectvely. The result demostrates that the ut forward method s effectve ad feasle for solvg the rolem. Idex Terms flud dustry, flexle eural tree, roalstc cremetal rogram evoluto, smulato aealg I. INTRODUCTION A mortat characterstc of moder dustry s that drecto develos to good-szed ad automatzato. wth the develomet of market ecoomy ad aexato ad comato etwee cororatos, More ad more large-scale, excetoal large eterrses aear uceasgly the flud dustry, whch holds leadg ost the feld of atoal ecoomy, such as etroleum ad Chemcal, Metallurgy, aer makg, Chemcal dustry, Electrc ower, Medce ad so o. I the recet years esecally, flud dustry s growg greatly every coutry the ackgroud of ceaseless develomet of ecoomc gloalzato. At the same tme, flud dustry s roducto takes o hgh comlexty, strog assocato, o-lear ad determacy [], []. The exaso of roducg scale wll deftely make the rocess ad ther assocatos more comlex, ad at the same tme t makes automatc cotrol of flud dustry more dffcult. Buldg accurate ad effectve model of roducto rocess wll afford great hel for automatc ad otmal cotrol of flud dustry. But at momet most research aout flud dustry roducto rocess focuses o sgle rocess, ad gores the strog correlato etwee dfferet rocesses as a whole. For examle, the research o cemet roducto rocess ofte focuses o decomosg furace ad rotary calcer. I ths aer, we aly flexle eural tree (FNT model [3] for resolvg t. Accordg to the model, the whole model of flud dustry roducto rocess ca e ult. O oe had, the method rovdes theoretcal ass for roducg cotrol of flud dustry, ad makes the rocess cotrol more scetfc ad ertet; o the other had, t estalshes a good ass for rocess otmal cotrol of flud dustry. The FNT structure s develoed usg roalstc cremetal rogram evoluto (IE [4] ad the arameters are otmzed y smulato aealg algorthm (SA [5]. I ths aer, we take cemet roducto rocess as a examle ad uld ts rocess model. Cemet roducto rocess maly cludes decomosg furace, rotary calcer ad grate cooler. Decomosg furace s rcally resosle for the decomosto of the raw materal, ad the decomosto rate could reach 80% -90%; the decomosed materal flows to rotary calcer, whch takes o two task: oe s decomosg the remag raw materal, ad the other s calce the decomosed raw materal; at last the calced materal wll e cooled the grate ed. So the three rocesses are closely lked each other as a whole. The qualty of cemet s ot oly deedet o oe sgle rocess, ut deeds o the overall oerato of the three courses. The aer s orgazed as follows: Secto gves the reresetato ad calculato of the flexle eural tree model ad arrates a hyrd learg algorthm (IE ad SA for evolvg the eural tree model. Secto 3 resets the fal model for cemet roducto rocess. Some cocludg remarks are reseted Secto 4. II. FNT MODEL AND ITS ALICATION A. Itroducg FNT model Based o the re-defed structo oerator sets, a flexle eural tree model (see fgure ca e created ad evolved. Ths framework allows ut varales selecto, over-layer coectos ad dfferet actvato fuctos for dfferet odes. The herarchcal structure s evolved usg IE algorthm wth secfc structos. The fe tug of the arameters ecoded the structure s accomlshed usg SA. I ths aer, the roosed method terleaves oth otmzatos [3]. DOI: /IJCTE.009.V

2 Iteratoal Joural of Comuter Theory ad Egeerg, Vol., No., Arl 009 Fg. flexle eural tree model The structure otmzato of the FNT model s comleted y IE [4]. IE comes roalty vector codg of rogram structos, oulato-ased cremetal learg (BIL, ad tree-coded rograms. The algorthm mostly cludes creato of oulato, oulato evaluato, learg from oulato ad roalstc rototye tree (T. Accordg the algorthm rocess, the aer descres the geerato rocess of smulato model artcularly. B. Geeratg the model Before geeratg oulato, formato set for creatg FNT should e detfed frstly. The used fucto set F ad termal structo set T are descred as follows: S= F T= +, +,..., + x,..., ( { 3 N x } { } Where + ( = (,3,..., N deotes o-leaf odes structos ad takg argumets; x, x, x are leaf odes structos ad takg o other argumets. Accordg to the defto of FNT formato set, we ca detfy the model s termal set ad fucto set for s cemet roducto rocess. There are may arameters relatg wth cemet roducto rocess. The data comg from oe Sha dog Cemet lat maly relates wth decomosg furace, rotary calcer ad grate cooler cludes: amout of raw meal, fa frequecy curret, feedg of coal of decomosg furace, ack-ed hgh-temerature fa curret, ack-ed hgh-temerature fa motor seed, rotary calcer seed, feedg of coal of rotary calcer, oe-legth seed of grate cooler ad f-cao cotet (resetato of arameters tale, ther values tale. We take f-cao cotet as outut of the model, ad other arameters are see uts of the model. Fucto set s F = +, +, +, +, + +, so the defed as ths { } , formato set for creatg the model S = F T = +, +, +, +, +, + x,...,. s } { } { x8 oulato geerates from T. The T s geerally a comlete m-ary tree wth ftely may odes, where m s the maxmal umer of fucto argumets (m=6 ths aer. Each ode N T, wth >=0 cotas a varale roalty vector. Each has comoets, where s the umer of structos structo set S ( the aer, =4. Each comoet (I of 7 deotes the roalty of choosg structo ode N.For examle, ( I I S at deotes the selecto roalty of amout of raw meal the frst ode of oulato the aer. Accordg to the dstruto of roalstc vectors cotaed the T, every geerato geerates the same scale of dvdual ( ths aer, geerato=50, oulato sze=0.the rocess for selectg ode formato of dvdual s: the dvdual odes corresod to T odes. For examle, the frst ode of dvdual geerates from the frst ode of T. whe select formato, frstly a radom umer r s geerated, ad the t wll e comared wth the frst roalty of the frst roalstc vector stored the T. If r> (, r wll e reduced accordg to the I ( I formula: r = r -, ad the tur to the ext roalty utl r <= ( I. At the tme, f <=, the the th formato wll e selected; otherwse, the last formato wll e selected. Others formato selecto s the same wth aove rocess. Whe all the chldre odes are leaf ode or the maxmum deth s acheved, the rocess wll ed ( ths aer, the maxmum deth s 4. arameters TABLE I: THE RESENTATION OF ARAMETERS TABLE II: VALUE OF ARAMETERS x x x 3 x 4 x 5 x 6 x 7 x 8 x C. Evaluatg the model erformace After geeratg oe geerato dvdual, the erformace of each dvdual wll e tested. A evaluato crtero s ased o the sze of dvdual ftess. The selected ftess formula ths aer s: Ft( = ( y y ( = resetato amout of raw meal x fa frequecy curret x feedg of coal of decomosg furace x 3 ack-ed hgh-temerature fa curret x 4 ack-ed hgh-temerature fa motor seed x 5 rotary calcer seed x 6 feedg of coal of rotary calcer x 7 oe-legth seed of grate cooler x 8 f-cao cotet X0-98 -

3 Iteratoal Joural of Comuter Theory ad Egeerg, Vol., No., Arl 009 Where s the total umer of samles, y ad y are the actual samle value ad the FNT model outut of th samle, Ft ( deotes the ftess value of th dvdual. The mmum ut of dvdual comutato s the flexle euro; the method of comutato s from left to rght y deth-frst. The outut of a flexle euro + ca e calculated as follows. The total exctato of + s: et = = w x The outut of the ode + s the calculated y et a = f ( a,, et = e (3 out (4 w deotes the coecto stregth etwee + ode ad ts chldre; a, are actvato fucto arameters of the corresodet ode. After calculatg all dvdual s ftess, the dvdual wth the mmum value wll e reserved as the ass for dvdual study. Fg. flexle euro I ths aer, the record of samle data set s 00, ad the cout of test data set s 00. y deotes the actual f-cao cotet of th samle, y deotes the outut value of the model of th samle. The smaller ftess meas that the outut f-cao cotet s closer to the actual temerature. w, a ad are geerated radomly, ad ther value rage are [-, ] ad [0, ] resectvely. D. Evolvg the model Itally, whe dvdual s geerated, the formato has the same roalstc to e selected. Each roalstc vector s talzed as follows: T ( I = I : T l (5 T ( I = I : I F k (6 s a re-defed costat, usually 0.5. T The evoluto of the model deeds o learg from dvdual ad mutato of T. the goal of learg from dvdual ad mutato of T s to crease the roalty of ode formato of the curret est dvdual ad to make them have more oortuty to e selected the ext geerato. Idvdual study method s ased o the formato of the reserved dvdual of the curret geerato to modfy the roalty of the corresodet roalstc vector the T. The rocess s: frstly, comutg ad TARGET accordg to formula (7 ad (8; ( = (I ( (7 TARGET = ( :N + ( ( ε + FIT( ε + FIT( el B (8 Ad the comarg the sze of ad TARGET, f < TARGET, the modfyg the corresodet ode formato: (I ( = (I ( + c ( (I ( (9 Utl >= TARGET.the rocess descred aove wll make the formato crease, therefore, the formato has more oortuty to e selected the ext geerato. Where I ( deotes the structo of rogram at ode osto. Here s a costat learg rate, ε s a ostve user-defed costat, ad c s a costat fluecg the umer of teratos. Settg =0.0, ε = , c =0. ths aer. If the est dvdual oe geerato cludes the odes: +4, x, x 3 ad so o, the t ca show that amout of raw meal ad feedg of coal of decomosg furace have mortat mact o f-cao cotet, ther roaltes wll e creased ad they have more oortuty to e selected the ext geerato. Mutato of T s that the formato roalty of the curret est dvdual mutates wth the : M M = (0 * The rocess s: executg from the frst ode, geeratg oe radom umer r frstly ad the comarg t wth. If >r, the the roalty of the frst ode M M formato mutates as follows: (I = (I + mr ( (I ( Otherwse, the roalty does t chage. The rocess wll go o utl all odes are traversed. From the rocess of evoluto of the model, we ca see that formato selecto s executed automatcally. E. Otmzg the model structure arameter After geeratg ffty geeratos, the est dvdual of the ffteth geerato ca e see as the otmal dvdual. To acqure etter ftess, that s, reducg the error etwee the actual value ad the outut value, we use SA algorthm [5-7] to acheve arameters (cludg coecto stregth ad actvato fucto arameters otmzato uder fxed structure. SA s oe of the most wdely studed heurstcs local search algorthms. The asc deas of the smulated aealg M

4 Iteratoal Joural of Comuter Theory ad Egeerg, Vol., No., Arl 009 search are that t accets worse soluto wth a roalty = e -δ T ( δ = f ( s * f ( s (3 the s ad s* are the old ad ew soluto vectors, f (s deotes the cost fucto, the arameter T deotes the temerature the rocess of aealg. Orgally t s suggested to start the search from a hgh temerature ad reduce t to the ed of the rocess y a formula: T = T T *β + (4 Uder each temerature value, L ew solutos are geerated. I ths aer, we set T_max=00, L=0, T_m=0., β =0.95. Soluto vector s a comato of coecto stregth = ω, ω,..., a,.new s ω ad actvato arameter ( soluto vector are geerated radomly, that * s = ω, ω,... ω, a,. Comutg the error s ( δ etwee f (s ad f ( s *, f δ <0, the ew ftess f ( s * wll e acceted, otherwse, t s acceted y the roalty. F. Exermetal results The model of cemet roducto rocess s gotte y IE ad SA utl ow (see fgure 3. The erformace of the model has ee tested y test data. The tra result ad test result are dslayed fgure 4 ad fgure 5. Fg. 3 The model of cemet roducto rocess Fg. 5test result III. ANALYZING RESULT From the fal model(fgure 3, we ca get such a cocluso: the arameters have great fluece o f-cao cotet are amout of raw materal, feedg of coal of decomosg furace, rotary calcer seed, feedg of coal of rotary calcer ad oe-legth seed of grate cooler. For examle, the f-cao cotet wll crease whe the feedg of coal ad amout of raw materal s mroer rato or oe-legth seed of grate cooler s too slow. From the results of the trag model (Fgure 4 ad the test results (Fgure 5, we ca see the effectveess ad feaslty of the model. Accordg to the model, we ca smulate the cemet roducto rocess. Chagg oe varale value or several varales value to oserve the chage of f-cao cotet, If the f-cao cotet to the extet ermtted y the chages, the you ca get a etter ortfolo otmzato rogram. For examle, to a certa scoe to reduce the amout of coal, f the f-cao cotet s stll ormal, the we ca reduce eergy cosumto ad save costs. I addto, whe the f-cao cotet s hgher, ths model ca hel us aalyze each roducto rocess to fd the reasos, rather tha ldly guessg whch oe s falure. Comared wth modelg for sgle rocess, modelg as a whole has some advatages; o oe had, t overcomes the defects of sgle modelg: A good cotrol of oe roducto rocess ca ot guaratee that the etre roducto le s the steady, ut also gores the ter-relatosh of the rocesses, so t s ot coducve to otmze the overall roducto le[], []-[5]; o the other had, t makes easer for oerators to cotrol the whole roducto rocess, ad lay a good foudato order to acheve the overall otmzato of roducto les. Fg. 4 tra result IV. CONCLUSIONS I ths aer, cemet roducto rocess modelg as a whole s realzed y alyg FNT model, ad at the same tme t overcomes some defects of the sgle-rocess modelg. The successful alcato of the method ot oly has ected ew vtalty for cemet roducto rocess research, ut also oeed a ew drecto for flud dustral roducto rocess

5 Iteratoal Joural of Comuter Theory ad Egeerg, Vol., No., Arl 009 ACKNOWLEDGMENT It s a roect suorted y Natoal Nature Scece Fud ( ad State 863 la fuded roect (00AA4Z340. REFERENCES [] Lu-Xao L. Neural Network Cotroller of Temerature of Cemet Decomosg Furace. School of Electrcal Egeerg, Yasha Uversty, Qg huagdao, 003. [] Wag-Fu Sheg. Basc Kowledge of Moder Cemet roducto [M].Cha Buldg Materals Idustry ress, Be Jg, 004. [3] Che-Yue Hu, Yag Bo, Dog-J We. Tme-seres Forecastg Usg Flexle Neural Tree Model.Iformato Scece. 005, Vol.74, [4] R.. Salustowcz, J.Schmdhuer. roalstc Icremetal rogram Evoluto.Evol. Comut. 997, Vol., NO.5,.3 4. [5] Gao Jua. Artfcal Neural Network Theory ad Smulato..Machery Idustry ress, Be Jg, 003. [6] Wag B, Wag-Su A, Du-Ha Feg. arameters Otmzato of Idustry rocess Cotrol ased o Fuzzy Geetc Algorthm. Xa Jaotog Uversty Joura l, 004.Vol.38, NO.4, [7] Wu-J Bo. Study of the Immue Algorthm ad Smulated Aealg Algorthm for TS rolem. College of Comuter Scece ad Techology, Uversty of Wuha Techology, Wuha, 007. [8] Yu-Log Hua. Fuzzy Cotrol of Cemet Rotary Kl Temerature. Jagx Buldg Materals.00, NO.Z,.9-3. [9] Xu De, Zhu Jg. O Calcer Temerature Cotrol Algorthm ad Realzato for Cemet Work wth Wet_Grdg ad Dry Burg. Joural of the Chese Ceramc Socety. 00, Vol.9, NO.0,.9-. [0] Dua-Guo g. Comuter Smulato Alcato Decomosg Furace. Materals Isttute, Kumg Uversty of Scece ad Techology, Kumg, 006. [] Yag-L Yua. Comuter Smulato for Calcatos rocess of recalcer. Materals Isttute, Uversty of Wuha Techology, Wuha, 004. [] Yao We. Alcato of Fuzzy Cotrol for the Decomosg Furace Temerature of Rotary Cemet Kl. Measuremet & Cotrol Techology. 000, Vol.9, NO.9, [3] Zou Ja. Research o Itellget redctve Cotrol ad Its Alcatos. College of Electrcal Egeerg, Zheag Uversty, Yuqua Camus Hagzhou, 00. [4] Zhag-Ja M, Che-Hog L, We-Xu La. Alcato of dyamc B eural et temerature cotrol of cemet rotary kl. Joural of Jl Isttute of Chemcal Techology. 00, Vol.8, NO.3, [5] Che-Ya Mg. Study o Calcatos recalcg Kl Based o Artfcal Neural Network. Materals Isttute, Uversty of Wuha Techology, Wuha, 003. [6] Huag Heqg, Yu Jshou. MES rocess-oreted Idustry ad key Techology [J]. rocess Automato Istrumetato, 004, Vol5, NO, :0-5. [7] Zeg Xuem. Calculato: th Fve -Year Cemet Eergy-Savg ad Emsso Reducto [J]. Cha Cemet, 007, NO, :