MUZEUM I INSTYTUT ZOOLOGII POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK. Alexander Radchenko*. Wojciech Czechowski**

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1 MUZEUM I INSTYTUT ZOOLOGII POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK FRAGMENTA FAUNISTICA Fragm. faun. Warszawa, Alexander Radchenko*. Wojciech Czechowski** Doronomyrmex kutteri ( B u s c h in g e r, 1965) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - a representative of a genus new to Poland A bstract. Doronomyrmex kutteri (BUSCHINGER) is first recorded from Poland. Some notes on distribution and biology of the socially parasitic ant species of the genus Doronomyrmex Kutter are given. Morphological differences between females of D. kutteri and of their host species. Leptothorax acervorum F., are shown. Key w ords: ants, Doronomyrmex, social parasites, fauna, Poland A uthors addresses: Institute of Zoology. UAS, B. Khmelnitsky St 15, Kiev-30, UKRAINE Museum and Institute of Zoology, PAS, Wilcza 64, Warszawa, POLAND The socially parasitic ant genus Doronomyrmex was described by K u t t e r in 1945 (type species: D. pacis) from Switzerland based on females and males. Then two another inquilines of Leptothorax acervorum F. - Leptothorax kutteri ( B u s c h in g e r, 1965) and L. goesswaldi ( K u t t e r, 1967) - were described from southern Germany; later they were replaced to the genus Doronomyrmex ( B u s c h i n g e r 1981). Finally, D. pocahontas was described by B u s c h i n g e r (1979) from Canada. However, the taxonomical status of the latter species is still not settled ( B u s c h in g e r and H e in z e 1993). Thus, four Doronomyrmex species are known at present. Three of them occur in Europe; one is known only from its type locality in North America. The most common European species is D. pacis. It inhabits Southern and Central Europe from southern Germany and France to the former Yugoslavia ( B u s c h i n g e r 1971a,b, 1972, W i n t e r 1974, B u s c h i n g e r et al. 1981, B u s c h i n g e r and D o u w e s 1993, S e i f e r t 1996). D. goesswaldi is a very rare species found only in the Alps and so u th ern Sweden ( K u t t e r 1967,

2 4 8 A. Radchenko, W. Czechowski Figs 1-3. Doronomyrmex kutteri, female: 1 - head, frontal view, 2 - alitrunk, dorsal view, 3 - alitrunk and pedicel, lateral view (scale bar 1 mm). B u s c h i n g e r and K lu m p 1988). D. kutteri is also rather rare and occurs locally, however its distribution is fairly wide. It is known from southern Germany, Suisse, Austria, the Italian Alps, Estonia, Finland and north of the European part of Russia ( B u s c h i n g e r 1965, 1971a,b, K u t t e r 1967, W i n t e r 1974, M a a v a r a 1981, D o u w e s and B u s c h i n g e r 1983, S a a r i s t o 1995, S e i f e r t 1996, R a d c h e n k o, unpubl. data). All the European species of Doronomyrmex are workerless perm anent social parasites of Leptothorax acervorum. Mated females penetrate nests of the host species; their eggs and offspring are reared by L. acervorum workers. Females of D. pacis and D. kutteri do not kill the host queen, w hat is the case in most socially parasitic species. Behaviour of D. goessw aldi fem ales is quite strange,

3 Doronomyrmex kutteń in Poland 4 9 Figs Leptothorax acervorum, female: 4 - head, frontal view, 5 - alitrunk, dorsal view, 6 - alitrunk and pedicel, lateral view (scale bar 1 mm). characteristic of slave-making an t queens and of temporary socially parasitic ones: they attack and kill the queen of the host species. As a result, the duration of parasitized colonies is limited by the longevity of host workers that is not longer than 3-4 years ( B u s c h i n g e r and Klump 1988). This peculiarity of biology of D. goesswaldi can explain the sparsity of this species. As to D. pocahontas, B u s c h i n g e r and H e in z e (1993) have revealed the presence of workers in this species.

4 50 A. Radchenko. W. Czechowski D uring exam ination of unsorted and unidentified m aterial from th e a n t collection in the M useum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, a dealate female of D. kutteri was found. The specim en labelled as Polonia, Rakowskie Bagno distr. Frampol, , leg. B. Pisarski, was pined together with a worker of L. acervorum. The locality is situated in w estern Roztocze (S-E Poland). Main diagnostic features of Doronomyrmex are: 1) presence of variously developed, b u t always distinctly visible spine on ventral postpetiolar surface and 2) sm aller body size in com parison with sexuals of the host species. Some L. acervorum females possess a very short or short acute denticle on the ventral postpetiolar surface, and based only on this feature they may be confused with Doronomyrmex ones. Therefore, to m ake distinguishing of these species easier and to prevent misidentification, a more detailed com parison of females of D. kutteri and L. acervorum are shown below (see also Figs 1-6). M easurem ents and index used: HL - length of the head from the anterior clypeal margin to the occipital margin in full-face view; HW - maximum width of the head (without eyes): HI = HL:HW D oron om yrm ex k u tte r i L e p to th o ra x a cervo ru m - body size smaller (HL<0.7, HW<1.1 mm): - ventral postpetiolar surface with distinct acute spine: - head relatively short, HIcl.10; - dorsum of head densely punctured, only frons with fine striation, quite shining; - dorsum of alitrunk weakly and superficially punctured and partly striated, shining; - body size larger (HL>0.8, HW>1.2 mm); - ventral postpetiolar surface at most with short acute denticle: - head relatively long, HI>1.15; - dorsum of head densely rugulose with punctures between rugae, subm at to mat; - dorsum of alitrunk densely longitudinally rugulose, subm at to mat. REFERENCES B uschinger A Leptothorax {Mychothorax) kutteri n. sp., eine sozialparasitische Ameise (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Ins. Soc., 12: Buschinger A. 1971a. Zur V erbreitung der Sozialparasiten von Leptothorax acervorum (F a b r.) (H ym.. Formicidae). Bonn. Zool. Beitr., 22: B u s c h in g e r A. 1971b. Zur V erbreitung und Lebensweise sozialparasitischer Ameisen des Schweizer Walles (H ym., Formicidae). Zool. Anz., 186: BUSCHINGER A Kreuzung zweier sozialparasitischer Ameisenarten, Doronomyrmex pacis Ku t t e r und Leptothorax kutteri B u s c h in g e r {Hym.. Formicidae). Zool. Anz., 189: Buschinger A Doronomyrmex pocahontas n. sp., a parasite an t from Alberta, C anada {Hym. Formicidae). Ins. Soc., 26: Buschinger A Biological and system atic relationships of social parasitic Leptothoracini from Europe and North America. In: Biosystematic of social insectes (ed. P. E. H o w s e, J.-L. CLEMENT). London-New York, pp B u s c h in g e r A., D o u w e s P Socially parasitic ant of Greece. Biol. Gallo-Hellenica, 20:

5 Doronomyrmex kutteri in Poland 51 B u sc h in g e r A., E rhard W., Fisc h e r K Doronomyrmex pads, Epimyrma stumperi und E. goessw aldi (Hym., Formicidae) neu fur Frankreich. Ins. Soc., 28: B u sc h in g e r A., Fisc h e r K Hybridisation of chromosome-polymorphic populations of the inquiline ant, Doronomyrmex kutteri (Hym., Formicidae). Ins. Soc., 38: B u sc h in g e r A., HEINZE J Doronomyrmexpocahontas: not a workerless parasite but still an enigmatic taxon (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Ins. Soc.. 40: B u sc h in g e r A., Klum p B Novel strategy of host-colony exploitation in a permanently parasitic ant Doronomyrmex goesswaldi. Naturwissenschaften, 75: D ouw es P., B uschinger A TVS for Nordeuropa nya myror. Ent. Tidskr., 104: 1-4. Kutter H Ein neue Ameisengattung. Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges., 15: Kutter H Beischreibung neuer Sozialparasiten von Leptothorax acervorum F. (Formicidae). Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges., 40: Maavara V Social parasitic ants found in Estonia. ELUS Entomol. Teateel, Dec pp S a aristo M Distribution maps of the outdoor myrmicid ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Finland, with notes of their taxonomy and ecology. Ent. Fenn., 6: S eifer t B Ameisen. Beobachten. Bestimmen. Augsburg, 352 pp. W inter U Sozialparasiten der Leptothorax-Gruppe (Hym., Formicidae) aus der Umgebung des Tennengebirges (Ósterreich). Z. Arbeitsgem. Ósterr. Ent., 24: STRESZCZENIE [Tytuł: Doronomyrmex kutteri ( B u s c h in g e r, 1965) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - przedstawiciel rodzaju nowego dla Polski] Doronomyrmex kutteri ( B u s c h in g e r ) - obligatoryjny pasożyt społeczny Leptothorax acervorum F. - został po raz pierwszy wykazany z Polski. Nieoznaczony dotychczas okaz tego gatunku, zaetykietowany: "Polonia, Rakowskie Bagno distr. Frampol, , leg. B. Pisarski, znaleziono w zbiorach MilZ PAN w Warszawie. W pracy ukazano morfologiczne różnice między samicami D. kutteri a samicami L. acewom m oraz zamieszczono informacje o rozmieszczeniu i biologii wszystkich czterech znanych gatunków z rodzaju Doronomyrmex Kutter. Redaktor pracy - dr E. Skibińska