Written as per the revised G Scheme syllabus prescribed by the Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (MSBTE) w.e.f. academic year

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1 Written as per the revised G Scheme syllabus prescribed by the Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (MSBTE) w.e.f. academic year Basic MATHEMATICS First Year Diploma Semester - I First Edition: June 2015 Salient Features Concise content with complete coverage of revised G-scheme syllabus. Simple & lucid language. Illustrative examples showing detailed solution of problems. MSBTE Questions from Winter-2006 to Summer MSBTE Question Papers of Summer-2014, Winter-2014, Summer Three Model Question Papers for practice. List of formulae for quick reference. Printed at: Repro India Ltd., Mumbai No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, C.D. ROM/Audio Video Cassettes or electronic, mechanical including photocopying; recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the Publisher. TEID : 920

2 PREFACE Target s Basic Mathematics is compiled with an aim of shaping engineering minds of students while catering to their needs. It is a complete & thorough book designed as per the new revised G-scheme of MSBTE curriculum effective from June Each unit from the syllabus is divided into chapters bearing specific objectives in mind. The sub-topic wise classification of this book helps the students in easy comprehension. Each chapter includes the following features: Theory of each mathematical concept is explained with appropriate references. Diagrams and illustrations are provided wherever necessary. Italicized definitions are mentioned for important topics. Illustrative Examples are provided in order to explain the method of solving the problems. The detailed step-by-step solution in these problems helps students to understand and remember each minute step with proper justification of the same. Solved Problems covering every type of MSBTE question gives students the confidence to attempt all the questions in the examination. Exercise (With final answers) covers a variety of questions from simple to complex to help the students gain thorough revision in solving various types of problems. MSBTE Problems covering questions from year 2006 to 2015 are solved exactly as they are expected to be solved by the students in the examination. Formulae section is provided for quick recap and last minute revision of all the formulae at one glance. MSBTE Question Papers of year 2014 and Summer-2015 are added at the end to make students familiar with the MSBTE examination pattern. A set of three Model Question Papers are designed as per MSBTE Pattern for thorough revision and to prepare the students for the final examination. From, Publisher Best of luck to all the aspirants!

3 SYLLABUS Topic and Contents Hours Marks Topic 1 - Algebra 1.1 Determinant [04] Specific Objectives: Solve simultaneous equations in three variables using Cramer s rule. 04 Definition and expansion of determinant of order 3. Cramer s rule to solve simultaneous equations in three variables. 1.2 Matrices [16] Specific Objectives: Perform all algebraic operations on matrices. Solve simultaneous equations in three variables. Definition of a matrix of order m x n and types of matrices. Algebra of matrices with properties and examples. 10 Transpose of a matrix with properties. Cofactor of an element of a matrix. 32 Adjoint of matrix and inverse of matrix by adjoint method. Solution of simultaneous equations containing two and three unknowns by matrix inversion method. 1.3 Partial Fraction [12] Specific Objectives: Find partial fraction of proper and improper fraction. Definition of fraction, proper, improper fraction and partial fraction. 08 Resolve proper fractions into partial fraction with denominator containing i. non repeated linear factors, ii. repeated linear factors, iii. non repeated quadratic irreducible factors. To resolve improper fraction into partial fraction. Topic 2- Trigonometry 2.1 Trigonometric Ratios of Allied, Compound, Multiple and Sub-Multiple Angles [16] 40 Solve examples of allied angle, compound angle, multiple and sub-multiple 10 angles. Trigonometric ratios of any angle. Definition of allied angle, compound, multiple and sub-multiple angles. Trigonometric ratios of above angles with proofs. Simple examples

4 2.2 Factorization and De-factorization Formulae [12] Derive factorization and de-factorization formulae to solve examples. Formulae for factorization and de-factorization with proof and examples. 2.3 Inverse Trigonometric Ratios [12] Solve examples of inverse trigonometric ratios. Definition of inverse trigonometric ratios. Principal value of inverse trigonometric ratios. Relation between inverse trigonometric ratios with proof and examples. Topic 3 - Co-ordinate Geometry 3.1 Straight Line [16] Solve problems with given condition. Angle between two lines with proof. Examples. Condition of parallel and perpendicular lines. Point of intersection of two lines, equation of line passing through point of intersection with given condition. Perpendicular distance between point and line with proof and examples. Distance between two parallel line with proof and examples. Topic 4 - Statistics 4.1 Measures of Dispersion [12] Find the range, mean deviation, standard deviation and consistency of any data. Measures of dispersion - range, mean deviation from mean and median and standard deviation. Variance and its coefficient. Comparisons of two sets of observations TOTAL

5 Contents Chapter No. Topic Page No. Unit - I: Algebra 1 1 Determinant 2 2 Matrices 45 3 Partial Fraction Unit - II: Trigonometry 212 Trigonometric Ratios of Allied, Compound, Multiple and Sub-Multiple Angles 5 Factorization and De-factorization Formulae Inverse Trigonometric Ratios Unit - III: Co-ordinate Geometry Straight Line 328 Unit - IV: Statistics Measures of Dispersion 374 Formulae and Model Question Papers Formulae 407 Model Question Paper I 417 Model Question Paper II 420 Model Question Paper III 423 MSBTE Question Papers Question Paper Summer Question Paper Winter Question Paper Summer

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7 Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Basic Physics (F.Y.Dip.Sem.-1) Unit I: Algebra MSBTE UNIT I Algebra Chapter-1 Determinant 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Determinant of Second Order 1.3 Determinant of Third Order 1.3 (a) Definition and elements of determinant of third order 1.3 (b) Minors and Cofactors 1.3 (c) Value of a determinant of third order Chapter-2 Matrices 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Definition of a Matrix 2.3 Types of Matrices 2.3.(a) Rectangular Matrices 2.3.(b) Square Matrices 2.3.(c) Zero Matrices / Null Matrices 2.4 Algebra of Matrices/Operation on Matrices 2.4.(a) Scalar Multiplication of Matrices 2.4.(b) Equality of Matrices 2.4.(c) Addition of Matrices 1.4 Properties of Determinants 1.5 Cramer s Rule 1.5 (a) Cramer s Rule for equations involving two unknown variables 1.5 (b) Cramer s Rule for equations involving three unknown variables 2.4.(d) Subtraction of Matrices 2.4.(e) Multiplication of Matrices 2.5 Transpose of Matrices 2.6 Determinant of a Square Matrix 2.7 Minors and Cofactors 2.7.(a) Minor of an element of a Matrix 2.7.(b) Cofactor of an element of a Matrix 2.8 Adjoint of a Matrix 2.9 Inverse of a Matrix 2.10 Matrix Form of System of Equations Chapter-3 Partial Fraction 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Polynomials 3.3 Proper and Improper Fractions 3.4 Factorization of the Denominator of a proper fraction and determining its type 3.5 Resolve a given proper fraction into partial fractions 3.5.(a) Resolve a proper fraction with Distinct linear factors as denominator, into partial fractions 3.5.(b) 3.5.(c) Resolve a proper fraction with Repeated linear factors as denominator, into partial fractions Resolve a proper fraction with Distinct Irreducible Quadratic factor as denominator, into Partial fractions 3.6 Resolve a given Improper fraction into partial fractions 1

8 01 Determinant Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Basic Mathematics Basic Physics (F.Y.Dip.Sem.-1) MSBTE 1.1 Introduction Determinants are arrangement of numbers (real, imaginary, complex) in equal number of rows (horizontal arrangement) and columns (vertical arrangement) enclosed between a pair of vertical segments.they are denoted by or D or A. Determinants are scalar quantities. 1.2 Determinant of Second Order A determinant of order 2 is an arrangement of four numbers in two rows and two columns, enclosed between two vertical segments. Following is an example of a determinant of order 2. Row 1 Row 2 Thus; 1 and 2 are elements of Row 1, 3 and 4 are elements of Row 2, 1 and 3 are elements of Column 1, 2 and 4 are elements of Column 2. Column 1 Column 2 The set of elements from top left corner to the bottom right corner in a determinant is called the Main Diagonal or Leading Diagonal or Principal Diagonal of that determinant. Here, 1 and 4 are elements of Principal Diagonal. Principal Diagonal The set of elements from bottom left corner to the top right corner in a determinant is called the Reverse or Secondary Diagonal of that determinant. Here, 3 and 2 are elements of Secondary Diagonal. 2 Secondary Diagonal To calculate the value of the determinant, consider the determinant of numbers a, b, c, d as given below, a c b d = a d c b = ad cb.

9 Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Basic Physics Chapter (F.Y.Dip.Sem.-1) 01: Determinant MSBTE i.e. Value of determinant Product of elements in the Principal Diagonal Product of elements in the Secondary Diagonal. = (1)(4) (3)(2) = 4 6 = 2 Illustrative Example Evaluate: Solution: 2 5 Let Now, Product of elements in the Principal Diagonal Product of elements in the Secondary Diagonal. [2(4)] [3(5)] = Solved Problems Evaluate: 4 8 Solution: Let 2 3 = (2)(8) (4)(3) = = x 3 2. Find x, if = 0. 1 x 2 Solution: x 3 Given, = 0 1 x 2 x(x + 2) (1)(3) = 0 x 2 + 2x 3 = 0 x 2 + 3x x 3 = 0 x(x + 3) 1(x + 3) = 0 (x + 3)(x 1) = 0 x = 3 or x = Solve : x Solution: 2 7 Given, x (2)(12) (3)(7) = (x)(2) (9)(1) = 2x = 2x 2x = 12 x = 6 3