Application of Maxwell Equations to Human Body Modelling
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1 Application of Maxwell Equations to Human Body Modelling Fumie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, November 6, 00 Fumie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 / 0
2 Outline Research background Research issues umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 / 0
3 Research background is a common form of heart disease Catheter ablation with RF radiation is a proven technique to remove arrhythmogenic foci umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 3 / 0
4 Research background is a common form of heart disease Catheter ablation with RF radiation is a proven technique to remove arrhythmogenic foci umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 3 / 0
5 Research background is a common form of heart disease Catheter ablation with RF radiation is a proven technique to remove arrhythmogenic foci umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 3 / 0
6 Research background is a common form of heart disease Catheter ablation with RF radiation is a proven technique to remove arrhythmogenic foci umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 3 / 0
7 Research background is a common form of heart disease Catheter ablation with RF radiation is a proven technique to remove arrhythmogenic foci umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 3 / 0
8 Research background is a common form of heart disease Catheter ablation with RF radiation is a proven technique to remove arrhythmogenic foci umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 3 / 0
9 Research background is a common form of heart disease Catheter ablation with RF radiation is a proven technique to remove arrhythmogenic foci umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 3 / 0
10 Research background is a common form of heart disease Catheter ablation with RF radiation is a proven technique to remove arrhythmogenic foci umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 3 / 0
11 Research background is a common form of heart disease Catheter ablation with RF radiation is a proven technique to remove arrhythmogenic foci umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 3 / 0
12 Research background is a common form of heart disease Catheter ablation with RF radiation is a proven technique to remove arrhythmogenic foci umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 3 / 0
13 Research background is a common form of heart disease Catheter ablation with RF radiation is a proven technique to remove arrhythmogenic foci umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 3 / 0
14 Research background is a common form of heart disease Catheter ablation with RF radiation is a proven technique to remove arrhythmogenic foci umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 3 / 0
15 Research background is a common form of heart disease Catheter ablation with RF radiation is a proven technique to remove arrhythmogenic foci umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 3 / 0
16 Research background is a common form of heart disease Catheter ablation with RF radiation is a proven technique to remove arrhythmogenic foci umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 3 / 0
17 Research background is a common form of heart disease Catheter ablation with RF radiation is a proven technique to remove arrhythmogenic foci umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 3 / 0
18 Research background is a common form of heart disease Catheter ablation with RF radiation is a proven technique to remove arrhythmogenic foci umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 3 / 0
19 Research background is a common form of heart disease Catheter ablation with RF radiation is a proven technique to remove arrhythmogenic foci umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 3 / 0
20 Research background For emergency, electric shock is applied for defibrillation Not high successful rate 3 The optimum size, location of electrolodes are unknown a Fumie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 4 / 0
21 Research background Brain disorders Amnesia, Alzehimer,Epilepsy, Parkinson s disease, Depression, Schizophrenia Medication and counselling for treatment a Fumie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 5 / 0
22 Research background Brain disorders Alternative treatment: deep brain stimulation Pacemaker implanted for treatment Fumie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 6 / 0
23 Research background Brain disorders Literally Invasive treatment Non-invasive treatment desired Fumie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 7 / 0 a
24 Research background Needs of numerical simulation How ElectroMagnetic (EM) wave propagates from certain location and shape of the electrolode on the torso for successful defibrillation from the skull to do the same effect as invasive treatment( brain stimulation ) a electroconvulsive-therapy-is-like Fumie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 8 / 0
25 Numerical simulation tool development Maxwell s equation finite difference time domain (FDTD) 3 most straightforward, robust, widely applicable 4 high accuracy possible with high computational cost umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 9 / 0
26 Numerical simulation tool development Maxwell s equation finite difference time domain (FDTD) 3 most straightforward, robust, widely applicable 4 high accuracy possible with high computational cost umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 9 / 0
27 Numerical simulation tool development Maxwell s equation finite difference time domain (FDTD) 3 most straightforward, robust, widely applicable 4 high accuracy possible with high computational cost umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 9 / 0
28 Numerical simulation tool development Maxwell s equation finite difference time domain (FDTD) 3 most straightforward, robust, widely applicable 4 high accuracy possible with high computational cost umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 9 / 0
29 Many tissues involved in the computation Digital Human Phantom from mm resolution MRI Fumie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 0 / 0
30 Each tissue is frequency-dependent Measurement and data fitting by US Air Force Fumie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 / 0
31 Wave propagation simulation inside human remeshing from mm resolution to 0.3 mm resolution loading of the fine geometrical detail to the Maxwell equation solver 3 allocation of the frequency dependent characteristics to each tissue 4 load-balanced parallel computation on EUgrid 5 data collection from EUgrid to our local cluster 6 visualisation of the data from the Maxwell equation solver umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 / 0
32 Wave propagation simulation inside human remeshing from mm resolution to 0.3 mm resolution loading of the fine geometrical detail to the Maxwell equation solver 3 allocation of the frequency dependent characteristics to each tissue 4 load-balanced parallel computation on EUgrid 5 data collection from EUgrid to our local cluster 6 visualisation of the data from the Maxwell equation solver umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 / 0
33 Wave propagation simulation inside human remeshing from mm resolution to 0.3 mm resolution loading of the fine geometrical detail to the Maxwell equation solver 3 allocation of the frequency dependent characteristics to each tissue 4 load-balanced parallel computation on EUgrid 5 data collection from EUgrid to our local cluster 6 visualisation of the data from the Maxwell equation solver umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 / 0
34 Wave propagation simulation inside human remeshing from mm resolution to 0.3 mm resolution loading of the fine geometrical detail to the Maxwell equation solver 3 allocation of the frequency dependent characteristics to each tissue 4 load-balanced parallel computation on EUgrid 5 data collection from EUgrid to our local cluster 6 visualisation of the data from the Maxwell equation solver umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 / 0
35 Wave propagation simulation inside human remeshing from mm resolution to 0.3 mm resolution loading of the fine geometrical detail to the Maxwell equation solver 3 allocation of the frequency dependent characteristics to each tissue 4 load-balanced parallel computation on EUgrid 5 data collection from EUgrid to our local cluster 6 visualisation of the data from the Maxwell equation solver umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 / 0
36 Wave propagation simulation inside human remeshing from mm resolution to 0.3 mm resolution loading of the fine geometrical detail to the Maxwell equation solver 3 allocation of the frequency dependent characteristics to each tissue 4 load-balanced parallel computation on EUgrid 5 data collection from EUgrid to our local cluster 6 visualisation of the data from the Maxwell equation solver Fumie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 / 0
37 How to solve partial differencial equations fast Original equation A φ = Bφ; B has spatial discretization t elements A φn+ φ n = B φn+ + φ n t (A tb)φ n+ = (A + tb)φ n Sparse matrix to handle 3 Approximate factorization *example* to handle tridiagonal matrix (I X L )(I Y L )(I Z L )φ n+ = (I + X R )(I + Y R )(I + Z R )φ n+ φ n how to factorise multiplicative solution additive solution umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 3 / 0
38 How to solve partial differencial equations fast Original equation A φ = Bφ; B has spatial discretization t elements A φn+ φ n = B φn+ + φ n t (A tb)φ n+ = (A + tb)φ n Sparse matrix to handle 3 Approximate factorization *example* to handle tridiagonal matrix (I X L )(I Y L )(I Z L )φ n+ = (I + X R )(I + Y R )(I + Z R )φ n+ φ n how to factorise multiplicative solution additive solution umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 3 / 0
39 How to solve partial differencial equations fast Original equation A φ = Bφ; B has spatial discretization t elements A φn+ φ n = B φn+ + φ n t (A tb)φ n+ = (A + tb)φ n Sparse matrix to handle 3 Approximate factorization *example* to handle tridiagonal matrix (I X L )(I Y L )(I Z L )φ n+ = (I + X R )(I + Y R )(I + Z R )φ n+ φ n how to factorise multiplicative solution additive solution umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 3 / 0
40 How to solve partial differencial equations fast Original equation A φ = Bφ; B has spatial discretization t elements A φn+ φ n = B φn+ + φ n t (A tb)φ n+ = (A + tb)φ n Sparse matrix to handle 3 Approximate factorization *example* to handle tridiagonal matrix (I X L )(I Y L )(I Z L )φ n+ = (I + X R )(I + Y R )(I + Z R )φ n+ φ n how to factorise multiplicative solution additive solution umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 3 / 0
41 How to solve partial differencial equations fast Original equation A φ = Bφ; B has spatial discretization t elements A φn+ φ n = B φn+ + φ n t (A tb)φ n+ = (A + tb)φ n Sparse matrix to handle 3 Approximate factorization *example* to handle tridiagonal matrix (I X L )(I Y L )(I Z L )φ n+ = (I + X R )(I + Y R )(I + Z R )φ n+ φ n how to factorise multiplicative solution additive solution umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 3 / 0
42 How to solve partial differencial equations fast Original equation A φ = Bφ; B has spatial discretization t elements A φn+ φ n = B φn+ + φ n t (A tb)φ n+ = (A + tb)φ n Sparse matrix to handle 3 Approximate factorization *example* to handle tridiagonal matrix (I X L )(I Y L )(I Z L )φ n+ = (I + X R )(I + Y R )(I + Z R )φ n+ φ n how to factorise multiplicative solution additive solution umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 3 / 0
43 Reduction of memory requirement by sophisticated boundary condition The normal wave propagation Boundary placed close to the signal source umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 4 / 0
44 Reduction of memory requirement by Subgridding Signal leaking at the interface between the fine mesh and the coarse mesh Filtering out the leaking signal for stability Independent fine mesh FDTD computation only for heart Communication between the coarse and fine mesh at the interface umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 5 / 0
45 Efficient computation on EUgrid The production code requires more than 300 GB of memory for ECG simulation Each node can share upto 3 GB of memory with the latest technology 3 Distributed computing is essential 4 High scalability is aimed at with the sophisticated parallel computing umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 6 / 0
46 Efficient computation on EUgrid The production code requires more than 300 GB of memory for ECG simulation Each node can share upto 3 GB of memory with the latest technology 3 Distributed computing is essential 4 High scalability is aimed at with the sophisticated parallel computing umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 6 / 0
47 Efficient computation on EUgrid The production code requires more than 300 GB of memory for ECG simulation Each node can share upto 3 GB of memory with the latest technology 3 Distributed computing is essential 4 High scalability is aimed at with the sophisticated parallel computing umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 6 / 0
48 Efficient computation on EUgrid The production code requires more than 300 GB of memory for ECG simulation Each node can share upto 3 GB of memory with the latest technology 3 Distributed computing is essential 4 High scalability is aimed at with the sophisticated parallel computing umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 6 / 0
49 Efficient computation on EUgrid The concept of computation on the distributed memory architecture machine OpenMP for speedup machine 4 GB shared memory CPU MPI for increase of memory usage CPU3 4 GB shared memory CPU CPU4 Fumie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 7 / 0
50 Efficient computation on EUgrid The directory information tree User Element site information Computing Element Storage Element Network information between this and other sites status supported protocols file statistics umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 8 / 0
51 Computation on Graphics Processing Units How do we change the computational strategy suitable for GPU? How much computational gain do we get over the computation with MPI? umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 9 / 0
52 Computation on Graphics Processing Units How do we change the computational strategy suitable for GPU? How much computational gain do we get over the computation with MPI? umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 9 / 0
53 Finally... Welcome to Computation in Electromagnetics Hope you like our research domain/activity ( biomedical modelling, parallel computing in Beowulf clusters, parabolic partial differential equations, programming, shell-scripting ) Please talk to me for the detail with your future plan umie Costen Room E3, E0c at Sackville Street Building, Application fc@cs.man.ac.uk of Maxwell equations ( ) to Human Body November 6, 00 0 / 0
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