HYCOM APE Skill Testing using Historical Records
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1 HYCOM APE Skill Testing using Historical Records Conrad Luecke 1 Steven L. Bassette 1 Brian Arbic 1 Jim Richman 2 Patrick Timko 3 Robert Scott 4 University of Michigan Naval Research Laboratory Bangor University University of Brest LOM Conference 2013 Conrad Luecke, Steven L. Bassette HYCOM APE Skill Testing using Historical Records 1 / 17
2 Outline Introduction to Methodology 1 Introduction to Methodology Available Potential Energy (APE) 2 Current Meter Archive (CMA) World Ocean Atlas (WOA) 3 4 Conrad Luecke, Steven L. Bassette HYCOM APE Skill Testing using Historical Records 2 / 17
3 Outline Introduction to Methodology 1 Introduction to Methodology Available Potential Energy (APE) 2 Current Meter Archive (CMA) World Ocean Atlas (WOA) 3 4 Conrad Luecke, Steven L. Bassette HYCOM APE Skill Testing using Historical Records 2 / 17
4 Outline Introduction to Methodology 1 Introduction to Methodology Available Potential Energy (APE) 2 Current Meter Archive (CMA) World Ocean Atlas (WOA) 3 4 Conrad Luecke, Steven L. Bassette HYCOM APE Skill Testing using Historical Records 2 / 17
5 Outline Introduction to Methodology 1 Introduction to Methodology Available Potential Energy (APE) 2 Current Meter Archive (CMA) World Ocean Atlas (WOA) 3 4 Conrad Luecke, Steven L. Bassette HYCOM APE Skill Testing using Historical Records 2 / 17
6 Available Potential Energy (APE) Definition Available Potential Energy (APE) is the amount of potential energy available for conversion into kinetic energy. Important for... determining the structure of the pycnocline mixing parameterization energy budget calculations Conrad Luecke, Steven L. Bassette HYCOM APE Skill Testing using Historical Records 3 / 17
7 Available Potential Energy (APE) There are several methods for computing APE [Kang and Fringer, 2010] Most suitable and direct method APE = g2 ρ 2 2ρ 0 N 2 ρ a density anomaly time series ρ 0 mean seawater density N Brunt-Vaisala frequency Still not perfect, ρ is observationally challenging. Conrad Luecke, Steven L. Bassette HYCOM APE Skill Testing using Historical Records 4 / 17
8 Available Potential Energy (APE) Get N 2 term from WOA APE ρ 2 N 2 ρ presents difficulty, use temperature as proxy ρ T ρ T / z z η = T T / z Can get T as a mean centered timeseries from CMA Can get T / z as time average from WOA Can get ρ z as time average from WOA Conrad Luecke, Steven L. Bassette HYCOM APE Skill Testing using Historical Records 5 / 17
9 Available Potential Energy (APE) For the skill test we will check each term from HYCOM output against the Observationally Informed (OI) data. APE ( ) dt ρ 2 1 T / z z N 2 N 2 HYCOM η 2 HYCOM APE HYCOM = N2 OI = η2 OI = APE OI Conrad Luecke, Steven L. Bassette HYCOM APE Skill Testing using Historical Records 6 / 17
10 Current Meter Archive (CMA) World Ocean Atlas (WOA) Expansive archive CMA Data Mining Scott and Furnival [2012] A lot of records (8826 with Temperature records) Developed an interface system using MATLAB features. Slow to access MATLAB is for data processing not data mining Interface seems unfamiliar for scientists and MATLAB users in particular A distributable rewrite is in progress using industry best practices, but is not a top priority. Conrad Luecke, Steven L. Bassette HYCOM APE Skill Testing using Historical Records 7 / 17
11 Current Meter Archive (CMA) World Ocean Atlas (WOA) CMA Statistics about the CMA Data with temperature records Number of moorings: 4235 Number of instruments: 8826 Number above 1500 m: 7889 Number with > 10% missing values: 113 CMA Instrument Locations 80 o N 40 o N 0 o 40 o S 80 o S 180 o W 120 o W 60 o W 0 o 60 o E 120 o E 180 o W Considered removing records in coastal waters Notice North Atlantic data bias Conrad Luecke, Steven L. Bassette HYCOM APE Skill Testing using Historical Records 8 / 17
12 Current Meter Archive (CMA) World Ocean Atlas (WOA) About WOA Using the 2009 release Several averaging periods available Annual (Using these) Quarterly Monthly Temperature and Salinity [Locarnini et al., 2010] [Antonov et al., 2010] Conrad Luecke, Steven L. Bassette HYCOM APE Skill Testing using Historical Records 9 / 17
13 (Model year 2003) HYCOM Instrument Locations 80 o N 40 o N 0 o 40 o S 80 o S 180 o W 120 o W 60 o W 0 o 60 o E 120 o E 180 o W Limited locations to date Biased to Western Boundary Current Conrad Luecke, Steven L. Bassette HYCOM APE Skill Testing using Historical Records 10 / 17
14 1.8 x 10 4 N 2 in HYCOM vs. Observed WOA N 2 (s 2 ) Below 200m Above 200m HYCOM N 2 (s 2 ) x 10 4 Fairly good agreement between WOA and HYCOM Largest discrepancy is in upper ocean Conrad Luecke, Steven L. Bassette HYCOM APE Skill Testing using Historical Records 11 / 17
15 Individual location N 2 comparison 0 Annual Avg. N 2 Profile at 0 N, 145 W. (Equatorial eastern Pacific) 0 Annual Avg. N 2 Profile at 39 N, 60 W. (Gulf Stream) Depth (m) 800 Depth (m) HYCOM WOA N 2 (s 2 ) 3 4 x HYCOM WOA N 2 (s 2 ) x 10 4 Conrad Luecke, Steven L. Bassette HYCOM APE Skill Testing using Historical Records 12 / 17
16 Average N 2 comparison 0 Average N 2 in HYCOM vs. Observed Depth (m) HYCOM WOA N 2 (s 2 ) x 10 5 Conrad Luecke, Steven L. Bassette HYCOM APE Skill Testing using Historical Records 13 / 17
17 2000 η 2 Predicted in HYCOM vs. Observed CMA/WOA η 2 (m 2 ) HYCOM η 2 (m 2 ) Small bias but large mean square error Conrad Luecke, Steven L. Bassette HYCOM APE Skill Testing using Historical Records 14 / 17
18 APE Predicted in HYCOM vs. Observed Below 200m Above 200m Mean APE 4 3 APE Predicted in HYCOM vs. Observed CMA/WOA APE in (Jm 3 ) CMA/WOA APE Log 10 (Jm 3 ) HYCOM APE in (Jm 3 ) 1 Below 200m Above 200m Mean APE HYCOM APE Log 10 (Jm 3 ) Small bias but large mean square error APEs results are depth binned into <200m and >200m Conrad Luecke, Steven L. Bassette HYCOM APE Skill Testing using Historical Records 15 / 17
19 Presently using old HYCOM run (expt 18.5) only 1 month of hourly output Longer run has too much output (8 TB in expt 18.5) Can only validate 6 tides Skill test has aliasing issues Will use newer run of several years Save hourly output at CMA locations to reduce file size Save hourly maps at lower resolution Conrad Luecke, Steven L. Bassette HYCOM APE Skill Testing using Historical Records 16 / 17
20 For the skill testing (Current Project) Work through a longer tidal HYCOM run More parameter comparisons? Scrutinize code and results that we have to date After skill testing (Future Projects) Generate global maps of the low freq. and tidal APEs Compute globally integrated low freq. and tidal APE for energy budgets Conrad Luecke, Steven L. Bassette HYCOM APE Skill Testing using Historical Records 17 / 17
21 J. I. Antonov, D. Seidov, T. P. Boyer, R. A. Locarnini, A. V. Mishonov, H. E. Garcia, O. K. Baranova, M. M. Zweng, and D. R. Johnson. World Ocean Atlas 2009, Volume 2: Salinity. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 68, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., Dujuan Kang and Oliver Fringer. On the calculation of available potential energy in internal wave fields. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 40: , R. A. Locarnini, A. V. Mishonov, J. I. Antonov, T. P. Boyer, H. E. Garcia, O. K. Baranova, M. M. Zweng, and D. R. Johnson. World Ocean Atlas 2009, Volume 1: Temperature. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 68, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., Robert B. Scott and Darran G. Furnival. A guide to GMACMD. April Conrad Luecke, Steven L. Bassette HYCOM APE Skill Testing using Historical Records 17 / 17
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