Deformation Effect Simulation and Optimization for Double Front Axle Steering Mechanism
|
|
- Drusilla Walters
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 0 4th International Conference on Comuter Modeling and Simulation (ICCMS 0) IPCSIT vol. (0) (0) IACSIT Press, Singaore Deformation Effect Simulation and Otimization for Double Front Axle Steering Mechanism Jungang Wu, Siqin Zhang,Qinglong Yang China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co.,Ltd Anhui Hualing automobile Co.,Ltd Abstract. This aer research on tire wear roblem of heavy vehicles with Double Front Axle Steering Mechanism from the flexible effect of Steering Mechanism, and rooses a structural otimization method which use both traditional static structural theory and dynamic structure theory Equivalent Static Load (ESL) method to otimize key arts. The good simulated and test results show this method has high engineering ractice and reference value for tire wear roblem of Double Front Axle Steering Mechanism design. Keywords; Double front axle steering mechanism, Deformation effect, Simulation, ESL. Introduction According to the limit of domestic road conditions and traffic regulations, the double front axle steering system is used in heavy vehicles to increase carrying caacity and imrove handling stability. But this steering system often gives rise to vehicle tire wear roblem [] [] []. Furthermore, the load of double front axle steering mechanism has more than ten thousands ewton under normal working conditions, and the heavy truck is usually drive with large deadweight and oor road conditions. For this reason, a large flexible deformation aears in double front axle steering mechanism in the rocess of steering which is an imortant factor for tires wear roblem. But few literatures analyzed flexible deformation on influence of wheels steering angle error comletely, let alone comlete structure otimization method. For the above roblems, this aer takes double front axle steering mechanism of Hualing truck as research object to carry out flexible deformation analysis and otimization. A new structure dynamic otimization algorithm Equivalent Static Load (ESL) method is alied to otimize steering systems structure. It made a beneficial exloration for ESL dynamic otimization algorithm using in double front axle steering system otimization design.. Flexible effect Simulation An 8 x 4 heavy truck with double front axle steering mechanism multi-body dynamics model is show as Fig.. In order to study the effect of steering mechanism deformation for wheels steering angle error, we established rigid multi-body dynamics model and flexible multi-body dynamics model for the double front axle steering mechanism, and comared the simulation results [4]. In flexible multi-body model, the key arts of steering mechanism are treated as flexible body (As shown in Tab.), so flexible deformation must be considered. However the flexible deformation in rigid body multi-body model is ignored. 7
2 .Steering wheel.first axle swing arm. First axle steer rod 4.Steer tire 5.First axle steering knuckle 6. First axle steering traezium 7.Steer drag rod 8. Middle swing arm bearing 9. Middle swing arm 0.Power steering cylinder. Second axle steer rod.second axle steering traezium Fig. Double front axle steering mechanism Steering mechanism would bear much more resistance than other conditions when vehicle is steering. The main resistance for steering mechanism is friction resistance between road and wheels whose maximum is observed at the condition of zero-radius turning (ZRT) with fully loaded. This resistance is difficult to calculate accurately, so engineers usually use semi-emirical equation () to calculate aroximately [5]. μ F M r = () Where μ is road friction factor, F is axle load, P is the tire ressure. Steer angle error (Degree) First axle left tire First axle right tire Second axle left tire 4 Second axle right tire First axle swing arm rotating angle (Degree) Fig. Steer angle error vs. swing arm rotation angle Simulation results of tire steer angle error for rigid multi-body model and flexible multi-body model in condition of zero-radius turning (ZRT) with fully loaded is showed in Fig.. The result shows that the flexible deformation of double front axle mechanism makes a tire steer angle error maximum at 5.4 degrees between the first axle and the second axle, which is 5% higher than target value 4.0 degrees. This error will aggravate tire wear and lower vehicle steering erformance and traffic safety. Considering conditions of overload and the worse road, the influence of error will be larger. The steering roblem of Hualing heavy truck those had been sold also confirms this conclusion. In order to further research contribution degree of various comonents flexible deformation on the overall flexible deformation, Tab. lists the maximum deformation of various arts of vehicle steering mechanism and deformation rate. It is obvious that Parts ID, 7, make the main contribution to flexible deformation. Therefore, these arts need to be otimized in order to reduce the effect of flexible deformation and make them lightweight. Tab. Flexbody deformation results of double front axle steer systems Parts ID Parts name Max Deformation(mm) Percentage First axle swing arm 0.9.7% First axle steer rod % 6 First axle Steering traezium. 4.9% 7 Steer drag rod 8..5% 8 Middle swing arm bearing %
3 9 Middle swing arm 0.9.7% Second axle steer rod % Second axle steering traezium. 5.4%. Results of structural otimization The structure otimization algorithms are mainly toology otimization, shae otimization, size otimization and shae otimization. There are lenty of references about these otimization algorithms, and the first three otimization methods are alied to the structure otimization of double front axle steering mechanism. All the forces in the real world act dynamically on structures. Since dynamic loads are extremely difficult to handle in analysis and design, static loads are usually utilized with dynamic factors. Generally, the dynamic factors are determined from design codes or exerience. Therefore, static loads may not give accurate solutions in analysis and design and structural engineers often come u with unreliable solutions. An analytical method based on modal analysis is roosed for the transformation of dynamic loads into Equivalent Static Loads (ESLs). The ESLs are calculated to generate an identical dislacement field with that from dynamic loads at a certain time [6] [7]... ESL otimization method Using the vibration theory with the finite element method (FEM), the dynamic behavior of a structure is exressed by the following differential equations:.. M ( b) + K( b) = f ( = { 0 0 f } T i f i + l 0 0 () Where M is the mass matrix, K is the stiffness matrix, f is the vector of external dynamic loads, d is the vector of dynamic dislacements, and l is the number of nonzero comonents of the dynamic load vector. The static analysis with FEM formulation is exressed as: K ( b) x = s () Where x is the static dislacement vector and s is the external static loads vector. An ESL set, which generates the same dislacement field as that of the dynamic loads at an arbitrary time t a is defined as: s = K t a ) (4) Therefore, according to equation () () (4), the relation between dynamic load and static load at an arbitrary time is exressed as:.. s = f ( M ( b) (5) Equation (5) shows that the object in the function of an equivalent static load can roduce the same dislacement field as in the function of a dynamic load. According to the finite element theory, stress is getting through the node dislacement calculation, so the same dislacement field will lead to the same stress field. If x = d ( ta )( =,,, ), then the two fields from the dynamic and the static load sets are identical. Therefore, the following equations are obtained: d (t ) = x = u u s (P,, ) a = k jk j k w (6) = k Where w k is the k order natural frequency, Equation (6) is a system of linear simultaneous equations which have variables of s, and needs a modal analysis and a lot of calculations. Since equations (4) and (6) can be extremely large, the external static force vector s is aroximated for engineering alications as follows: [ 0 0 ] T s = 0 (7) 0 s i s i + l The non-zero comonents s can be made arbitrarily. In engineering sense, the nonzero comonents can be imosed on the imortant laces where the dynamic loads act. Equation (6) is transformed into equations as follows: 9
4 d ( t a i + l ) = x = u k w = k i k u jk s j ( P =,, l ) i + l d (ta ) x = u ku j (P = l +,, ) k w (9) k = Equation (8) is a system of linear simultaneous equations with l` variables for s j. Therefore, vector s is determined from Equation (8). As l` becomes larger, the number of aroximated dislacements is reduced. If a static load set is calculated by solving equation (8) directly to make the same dislacement field as that from the dynamic load set, it can be awkward in the engineering sense. That is, the magnitude of the loads can be extremely large in order to satisfy all the conditions at many nodes. Therefore, the equations are modified to inequality equations as follows: n i + l d = ( ta ) x u ku ( P =,, h) when d j is ositive (0) k= wk n i + l d = ( ta ) x u ku j ( P =,, h) when d is negative () k= wk The rocess of transformation of dynamic load to Equivalent Static Load is shows in Fig.. Dynamic load (8) Interval time t 0 t t Dislacement d 0 d d Transient analysis t n d n Time s = n Kd ( t a ) ESL s s 0 s s s n Fig. Transformation of dynamic load to ESL The mathematical model of ESL otimization rocess is exressed by the following exression: Minimize F(b)= sum((f(a)- F(a`)) ) () Subject to K(b)x=s i (b) (i=,,m) () φ(b,x) j 0 (j=,,n) (4) Where F(b) is target function, F(a)and F(a`) are steer angle simulation and target value function resectively, b is design variable vector, K is stiffness matrix, m is interval time, n is constraints number, s i (b) is the number of i equivalent static load vector, φ(b,x) j is constraint function... Results of structural otimization Items Max Deformation (mm) Max Stress (MPa) Weight (kg) Tab. The comarison results of before and after otimization Part ame Middle First Second Steer Steer swing arm axle axle steer drag rod drag rod bearing steer rod rod -ESL Before After Change 8.% 5% 57% 7% 6% Before After Change 5% 8% 40% 5% 50% Before After Change % 5% 5% 56% 9% The comarison result of before otimization and after otimization of various steer comonents is shown in Tab.. Since the original design of double front axle steer mechanism aears large flexible 0
5 deformation, even occurs lastic deformation roblem. Therefore, some comonents would be imroved the stiffness erformance and increased weight at the same time, such as First axle steer rod. Some comonents had achieved better stress erformance and lighter weight, such as Middle swing arm bearing. If the otimization method is alied to early roduct develoment stage, the results will be more obvious. The ESL method is alied to otimize Steer drag rod, and discrete ste is 00 which meets the accuracy requirements of ESL... Test verification Tab. is the mean and variance value of steer angle test results of before and after otimization comarison with the theoretical values. The results show: )The otimization design can reduce front and rear tire steer angle error. ) The ESL method gives more accurate solutions than static structural otimization. That means the ESL otimization design meets the design target and achieves the more light weight. 4. Conclusion Tab. Test results of before and after otimization Test results First axle right tire steer angle Second axle right tire steer angle Items Before After Target Before After Target Mean value ( O ) Variance value ( O ) In allusion to the tire wear roblem caused by large deformation of double front axle steering mechanism of hualing heavy truck, this aer creates the flexible multi-body dynamics simulation model of steering mechanism, analyse the flexible deformation influence on wheels steer angle error comletely and systematically, uts forward a otimization method which contains static and dynamic otimization theory, and obtains a good result.this otimization design method for double front axle steering mechanism rovides an overall structural solution, and has good value of engineering alication for tire wear roblem of double front axle steering mechanism. 5. References [] Gerald Miller; Robert Reed; Fred Wheeler. Otimum Ackerman for Imroved Steering Axle Tire Wear on Trucks. SAE aer 969, 99: [] He Yusheng, Xiong Tingchao. Design and Analysis of Multi-axle Steering System of Heavy Duty Vehicle. SAE aer 999,99: [] Yufeng Gu; Zongde Fang; Yunbo Shen. Otimization Design of Double Front Axle Steering Swing Arm Mechanism in Heavy-duty Trucks. China Mechanical Engineering, 009(8). [4] Mohamed Kamel Sallaani. Hearvy tractor-trailer vehicle dynamics modeling for the ational Advanced Driving Simulator. SAE 00() [5] Wangyu Wang. Vehicle Design. Beijing: China Machine Press, 004. (In Chinese) [6] W.S.Choi; G.J.Park. Transformation of dynamic loads into equivalent static loads based on stress aroach. KSME(A),999, : 64~78 [7] W.S.Choi; G.J.Park. Transformation of dynamic loads into equivalent static loads based on modal analysis. International Journal for umerical Methods in Engineering, 999, 46: 9~4.
Prediction of the Excitation Force Based on the Dynamic Analysis for Flexible Model of a Powertrain
Prediction of the Excitation Force Based on the Dynamic Analysis for Flexible Model of a Powertrain Y.S. Kim, S.J. Kim, M.G. Song and S.K. ee Inha University, Mechanical Engineering, 53 Yonghyun Dong,
More informationModelling a Partly Filled Road Tanker during an Emergency Braking
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Comuter Science 217 Vol II, October 25-27, 217, San Francisco, USA Modelling a Partly Filled Road Tanker during an Emergency Braking Frank Otremba,
More informationLower bound solutions for bearing capacity of jointed rock
Comuters and Geotechnics 31 (2004) 23 36 www.elsevier.com/locate/comgeo Lower bound solutions for bearing caacity of jointed rock D.J. Sutcliffe a, H.S. Yu b, *, S.W. Sloan c a Deartment of Civil, Surveying
More informationRobust Predictive Control of Input Constraints and Interference Suppression for Semi-Trailer System
Vol.7, No.7 (4),.37-38 htt://dx.doi.org/.457/ica.4.7.7.3 Robust Predictive Control of Inut Constraints and Interference Suression for Semi-Trailer System Zhao, Yang Electronic and Information Technology
More informationImplementation and Validation of Finite Volume C++ Codes for Plane Stress Analysis
CST0 191 October, 011, Krabi Imlementation and Validation of Finite Volume C++ Codes for Plane Stress Analysis Chakrit Suvanjumrat and Ekachai Chaichanasiri* Deartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty
More informationSHAPE OPTOMIZATION OF H-BEAM FLANGE FOR MAXIMUM PLASTIC ENERGY DISSIPATION
The Fourth China-Jaan-Korea Joint Symosium on Otimization of Structural and Mechanical Systems Kunming, Nov. 6-9, 2006, China SHAPE OPTOMIZATION OF H-BEAM FLANGE FOR MAXIMUM PLASTIC ENERGY DISSIPATION
More informationFlexible Pipes in Trenches with Stiff Clay Walls
Flexible Pies in Trenches with Stiff Clay Walls D. A. Cameron University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia J. P. Carter University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Keywords: flexible
More informationNumerical and experimental investigation on shot-peening induced deformation. Application to sheet metal forming.
Coyright JCPDS-International Centre for Diffraction Data 29 ISSN 197-2 511 Numerical and exerimental investigation on shot-eening induced deformation. Alication to sheet metal forming. Florent Cochennec
More informationUniversity of North Carolina-Charlotte Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering ECGR 4143/5195 Electrical Machinery Fall 2009
University of North Carolina-Charlotte Deartment of Electrical and Comuter Engineering ECG 4143/5195 Electrical Machinery Fall 9 Problem Set 5 Part Due: Friday October 3 Problem 3: Modeling the exerimental
More informationFINITE TIME THERMODYNAMIC MODELING AND ANALYSIS FOR AN IRREVERSIBLE ATKINSON CYCLE. By Yanlin GE, Lingen CHEN, and Fengrui SUN
FINIE IME HERMODYNAMIC MODELING AND ANALYSIS FOR AN IRREVERSIBLE AKINSON CYCLE By Yanlin GE, Lingen CHEN, and Fengrui SUN Performance of an air-standard Atkinson cycle is analyzed by using finite-time
More informationCombining Logistic Regression with Kriging for Mapping the Risk of Occurrence of Unexploded Ordnance (UXO)
Combining Logistic Regression with Kriging for Maing the Risk of Occurrence of Unexloded Ordnance (UXO) H. Saito (), P. Goovaerts (), S. A. McKenna (2) Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, Deartment
More informationAn Investigation on the Numerical Ill-conditioning of Hybrid State Estimators
An Investigation on the Numerical Ill-conditioning of Hybrid State Estimators S. K. Mallik, Student Member, IEEE, S. Chakrabarti, Senior Member, IEEE, S. N. Singh, Senior Member, IEEE Deartment of Electrical
More informationDesign of Isolated Bridges from the Viewpoint of Collapse under Extreme Earthquakes
Design of Isolated Bridges from the Viewoint of Collase under Extreme Earthquakes D.W. Chang, Y.T. Lin, C.H. Peng, C.Y. Liou CECI Engineering Consultants, Inc., Taiwan T.Y. Lee National Central University,
More informationDevelopment of self-adaptively loading for planetary roller traction-drive transmission
Available online www.jocr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 013, 5(9):498-506 Research Article ISSN : 0975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Develoment of self-adatively loading for lanetary
More informationu y
VO., NO., FEBRUARY 8 ISSN 89-668 6-8 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved. NON-NEWTONIAN EFFECTS OF OAD CARRYING CAPACITY AND FRICTIONA FORCE USING RABINOWITS FUID ON TE PERFORMANCE
More informationEstimation of the large covariance matrix with two-step monotone missing data
Estimation of the large covariance matrix with two-ste monotone missing data Masashi Hyodo, Nobumichi Shutoh 2, Takashi Seo, and Tatjana Pavlenko 3 Deartment of Mathematical Information Science, Tokyo
More informationMODULAR LINEAR TRANSVERSE FLUX RELUCTANCE MOTORS
MODULAR LINEAR TRANSVERSE FLUX RELUCTANCE MOTORS Dan-Cristian POPA, Vasile IANCU, Loránd SZABÓ, Deartment of Electrical Machines, Technical University of Cluj-Naoca RO-400020 Cluj-Naoca, Romania; e-mail:
More informationTime Domain Calculation of Vortex Induced Vibration of Long-Span Bridges by Using a Reduced-order Modeling Technique
2017 2nd International Conference on Industrial Aerodynamics (ICIA 2017) ISBN: 978-1-60595-481-3 Time Domain Calculation of Vortex Induced Vibration of Long-San Bridges by Using a Reduced-order Modeling
More informationFeedback-error control
Chater 4 Feedback-error control 4.1 Introduction This chater exlains the feedback-error (FBE) control scheme originally described by Kawato [, 87, 8]. FBE is a widely used neural network based controller
More informationOptimization of Gear Design and Manufacture. Vilmos SIMON *
7 International Conference on Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering (ICMME 7) ISBN: 978--6595-44- timization of Gear Design and Manufacture Vilmos SIMN * Budaest Universit of Technolog and Economics,
More informationFEM simulation of a crack propagation in a round bar under combined tension and torsion fatigue loading
FEM simulation of a crack roagation in a round bar under combined tension and torsion fatigue loading R.Citarella, M.Leore Det. of Industrial Engineering University of Salerno - Fisciano (SA), Italy. rcitarella@unisa.it
More informationRoots Blower with Gradually Expanding Outlet Gap: Mathematical Modelling and Performance Simulation Yingjie Cai 1, a, Ligang Yao 2, b
2nd International Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Informatics (AMEII 216) Roots Bloer ith Gradually Exanding Outlet Ga: Mathematical Modelling and Performance Simulation
More informationTowards understanding the Lorenz curve using the Uniform distribution. Chris J. Stephens. Newcastle City Council, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Towards understanding the Lorenz curve using the Uniform distribution Chris J. Stehens Newcastle City Council, Newcastle uon Tyne, UK (For the Gini-Lorenz Conference, University of Siena, Italy, May 2005)
More informationFinite Element Analysis of V-Bending of Polypropylene Using Hydrostatic-Pressure-Dependent Plastic Constitutive Equation*
Materials Transactions, Vol. 48, No. 1 (7). 6 to 664 #7 The Jaan Society for Technology of Plasticity Finite Element Analysis of V-Bending of Polyroylene Using Hydrostatic-Pressure-Deendent Plastic onstitutive
More informationJournal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2013, 5(12): Research Article
Available online www.jocr.com Journal o Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 03, 5():043-047 Research Article ISS : 0975-734 CODE(USA) : JCPRC5 Otimization o the middle-die hole chamer o harmaceutical
More informationOptimal Design of Truss Structures Using a Neutrosophic Number Optimization Model under an Indeterminate Environment
Neutrosohic Sets and Systems Vol 14 016 93 University of New Mexico Otimal Design of Truss Structures Using a Neutrosohic Number Otimization Model under an Indeterminate Environment Wenzhong Jiang & Jun
More informationTopology Optimization of Three Dimensional Structures under Self-weight and Inertial Forces
6 th World Congresses of Structural and Multidiscilinary Otimization Rio de Janeiro, 30 May - 03 June 2005, Brazil Toology Otimization of Three Dimensional Structures under Self-weight and Inertial Forces
More informationPreliminary Uncertainty Estimation of the Pressure Distortion Coefficient of a Pressure. Balance by FEM Calculations
Preliminary Uncertainty Estimation of the Pressure Distortion Coefficient of a Pressure Balance by FEM Calculations G. Molinar*, M. Bergoglio*, G. Mosso*,G. Buonanno**, M. Dell Isola** * Istituto di Metrologia
More informationEstimation of dynamic behavior and energy efficiency of thrust hybrid bearings with active control
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICS Volume 1 18 Estimation of dynamic behavior and energy efficiency of thrust hybrid bearings with active control Alexander Babin Sergey Majorov Leonid Savin Abstract The
More informationMODELING THE RELIABILITY OF C4ISR SYSTEMS HARDWARE/SOFTWARE COMPONENTS USING AN IMPROVED MARKOV MODEL
Technical Sciences and Alied Mathematics MODELING THE RELIABILITY OF CISR SYSTEMS HARDWARE/SOFTWARE COMPONENTS USING AN IMPROVED MARKOV MODEL Cezar VASILESCU Regional Deartment of Defense Resources Management
More informationMultivariable Generalized Predictive Scheme for Gas Turbine Control in Combined Cycle Power Plant
Multivariable Generalized Predictive Scheme for Gas urbine Control in Combined Cycle Power Plant L.X.Niu and X.J.Liu Deartment of Automation North China Electric Power University Beiing, China, 006 e-mail
More informationKeywords: pile, liquefaction, lateral spreading, analysis ABSTRACT
Key arameters in seudo-static analysis of iles in liquefying sand Misko Cubrinovski Deartment of Civil Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 814, New Zealand Keywords: ile, liquefaction,
More informationCOMPARISON OF FREQUENCY DEPENDENT EQUIVALENT LINEAR ANALYSIS METHODS
October 2-7, 28, Beijing, China COMPARISON OF FREQUENCY DEPENDENT EQUIVALENT LINEAR ANALYSIS METHODS Dong-Yeo Kwak Chang-Gyun Jeong 2 Duhee Park 3 and Sisam Park 4 Graduate student, Det. of Civil Engineering,
More informationINTRODUCING THE SHEAR-CAP MATERIAL CRITERION TO AN ICE RUBBLE LOAD MODEL
Symosium on Ice (26) INTRODUCING THE SHEAR-CAP MATERIAL CRITERION TO AN ICE RUBBLE LOAD MODEL Mohamed O. ElSeify and Thomas G. Brown University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada ABSTRACT Current ice rubble load
More informationTRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF THRUST BEARING USING STRUCTURED SURFACES PART 1 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
SISOM 007 and Homagial Session of the Commission of Acoustics, ucharest 9-31 May TRIOLOGICAL EHAVIOR OF THRUST EARING USING STRUCTURED SURFACES PART 1 THEORETICAL ACKGROUND Gabriel-Arin MIHALCEA *, Octavian
More informationStudy on Characteristics of Sound Absorption of Underwater Visco-elastic Coated Compound Structures
Vol. 3, No. Modern Alied Science Study on Characteristics of Sound Absortion of Underwater Visco-elastic Coated Comound Structures Zhihong Liu & Meiing Sheng College of Marine Northwestern Polytechnical
More informationTheoretical and Numerical Analysis for the Design of a Safety Barrier as Road Restraint System
ANALELE UNIVERSITĂłII EFTIMIE MURGU REŞIłA ANUL XVII, NR. 1, 010, ISSN 145-797 Constantin Vasile Bîtea, Gabriel Jiga Theoretical and Numerical Analysis for the Design of a Safety Barrier as Road Restraint
More informationTORSIONAL VIBRATION SUPPRESSION IN AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION POWERTRAIN USING CENTRIFUGAL PEN- DULUM VIBRATION ABSORBER
TORSIONAL VIBRATION SUPPRESSION IN AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION POWERTRAIN USING CENTRIFUGAL PEN- DULUM VIBRATION ABSORBER Takashi Nakae and Takahiro Ryu Oita University, Faculty of Engineering, Deartment of
More informationEvaluation of Seismic Earth Pressures at the Passive Side
The 1 th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering October -17,, Beijing, China Evaluation of Seismic Earth Pressures at the Passive Side Fei SONG 1 and Jian-Min ZHANG 1 PhD. Candidate, Institute of Geotechnical
More informationLecture 13 HYDRAULIC ACTUATORS[CONTINUED]
Lecture 1 HYDRAULIC ACTUATORS[CONTINUED] 1.5Acceleration and Deceleration of Cylinder Loads Cylinders are subjected to acceleration and deceleration during their oeration. Cylinders are decelerated to
More informationA SIMPLE PLASTICITY MODEL FOR PREDICTING TRANSVERSE COMPOSITE RESPONSE AND FAILURE
THE 19 TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITE MATERIALS A SIMPLE PLASTICITY MODEL FOR PREDICTING TRANSVERSE COMPOSITE RESPONSE AND FAILURE K.W. Gan*, M.R. Wisnom, S.R. Hallett, G. Allegri Advanced Comosites
More informationEvaluation of straightening capacity of plate roll straightener
J. Cent. South Univ. (0) 9: 477 48 DOI: 0.007/s77 0 99 4 Evaluation of straightening caacity of late roll straightener WANG Yong qin( 王勇勤 ), LIU Zhi fang( 刘志芳 ), YAN Xing chun( 严兴春 ) State Key Laboratory
More informationA Numerical Method for Critical Buckling Load for a Beam Supported on Elastic Foundation
A Numerical Method for Critical Buckling Load for a Beam Suorted on Elastic Foundation Guo-ing Xia Institute of Bridge Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
More informationThe Numerical Simulation of Gas Turbine Inlet-Volute Flow Field
World Journal of Mechanics, 013, 3, 30-35 doi:10.436/wjm.013.3403 Published Online July 013 (htt://www.scir.org/journal/wjm) The Numerical Simulation of Gas Turbine Inlet-Volute Flow Field Tao Jiang 1,
More informationAN EVALUATION OF A SIMPLE DYNAMICAL MODEL FOR IMPACTS BETWEEN RIGID OBJECTS
XIX IMEKO World Congress Fundamental and Alied Metrology Setember 6, 009, Lisbon, Portugal AN EVALUATION OF A SIMPLE DYNAMICAL MODEL FOR IMPACTS BETWEEN RIGID OBJECTS Erik Molino Minero Re, Mariano Lóez,
More informationAI*IA 2003 Fusion of Multiple Pattern Classifiers PART III
AI*IA 23 Fusion of Multile Pattern Classifiers PART III AI*IA 23 Tutorial on Fusion of Multile Pattern Classifiers by F. Roli 49 Methods for fusing multile classifiers Methods for fusing multile classifiers
More informationAnalysis of Pressure Transient Response for an Injector under Hydraulic Stimulation at the Salak Geothermal Field, Indonesia
roceedings World Geothermal Congress 00 Bali, Indonesia, 5-9 Aril 00 Analysis of ressure Transient Resonse for an Injector under Hydraulic Stimulation at the Salak Geothermal Field, Indonesia Jorge A.
More informationSIMULATED ANNEALING AND JOINT MANUFACTURING BATCH-SIZING. Ruhul SARKER. Xin YAO
Yugoslav Journal of Oerations Research 13 (003), Number, 45-59 SIMULATED ANNEALING AND JOINT MANUFACTURING BATCH-SIZING Ruhul SARKER School of Comuter Science, The University of New South Wales, ADFA,
More informationMeshless Methods for Scientific Computing Final Project
Meshless Methods for Scientific Comuting Final Project D0051008 洪啟耀 Introduction Floating island becomes an imortant study in recent years, because the lands we can use are limit, so eole start thinking
More informationA Study on the Tube of Integral Propeller Shaft for the Rear-wheel Drive Automobile Using Carbon Composite Fiber
A Study on the Tube of Integral Propeller Shaft for the Rear-wheel Drive Automobile Using Carbon Composite Fiber Kibong Han Mechatronics Department, Jungwon University, 85 Munmu-ro, Goesan-gun, South Korea.
More informationDistributed Rule-Based Inference in the Presence of Redundant Information
istribution Statement : roved for ublic release; distribution is unlimited. istributed Rule-ased Inference in the Presence of Redundant Information June 8, 004 William J. Farrell III Lockheed Martin dvanced
More informationCHAPTER-II Control Charts for Fraction Nonconforming using m-of-m Runs Rules
CHAPTER-II Control Charts for Fraction Nonconforming using m-of-m Runs Rules. Introduction: The is widely used in industry to monitor the number of fraction nonconforming units. A nonconforming unit is
More informationA Study on Calculation of Rutting Depth of Pavement Asphalt Concrete Layer In Under Vietnam Conditions
A Study on alculation of Rutting Deth of Pavement Ashalt oncrete Layer In Under Vietnam onditions ao-thang Pham Le-Qui-Don Tecnical University, Vietnam. Hoang-Long Nguyen University of Transort Technology,
More informationDetermining Momentum and Energy Corrections for g1c Using Kinematic Fitting
CLAS-NOTE 4-17 Determining Momentum and Energy Corrections for g1c Using Kinematic Fitting Mike Williams, Doug Alegate and Curtis A. Meyer Carnegie Mellon University June 7, 24 Abstract We have used the
More informationDEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS ISSN DISCUSSION PAPER 20/07 TWO NEW EXPONENTIAL FAMILIES OF LORENZ CURVES
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS ISSN 1441-549 DISCUSSION PAPER /7 TWO NEW EXPONENTIAL FAMILIES OF LORENZ CURVES ZuXiang Wang * & Russell Smyth ABSTRACT We resent two new Lorenz curve families by using the basic
More informationNumerical Simulation of Particle Concentration in a Gas Cyclone Separator *
2007 Petroleum Science Vol.4 No.3 Numerical Simulation of Particle Concentration in a Gas Cyclone Searator * Xue Xiaohu, Sun Guogang **, Wan Gujun and Shi Mingxian (School of Chemical Science and Engineering,
More informationStudy of the circulation theory of the cooling system in vertical evaporative cooling generator
358 Science in China: Series E Technological Sciences 006 Vol.49 No.3 358 364 DOI: 10.1007/s11431-006-0358-1 Study of the circulation theory of the cooling system in vertical evaorative cooling generator
More informationShadow Computing: An Energy-Aware Fault Tolerant Computing Model
Shadow Comuting: An Energy-Aware Fault Tolerant Comuting Model Bryan Mills, Taieb Znati, Rami Melhem Deartment of Comuter Science University of Pittsburgh (bmills, znati, melhem)@cs.itt.edu Index Terms
More informationA MIXED CONTROL CHART ADAPTED TO THE TRUNCATED LIFE TEST BASED ON THE WEIBULL DISTRIBUTION
O P E R A T I O N S R E S E A R C H A N D D E C I S I O N S No. 27 DOI:.5277/ord73 Nasrullah KHAN Muhammad ASLAM 2 Kyung-Jun KIM 3 Chi-Hyuck JUN 4 A MIXED CONTROL CHART ADAPTED TO THE TRUNCATED LIFE TEST
More informationMinimax Design of Nonnegative Finite Impulse Response Filters
Minimax Design of Nonnegative Finite Imulse Resonse Filters Xiaoing Lai, Anke Xue Institute of Information and Control Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou, 3118 China e-mail: laix@hdu.edu.cn; akxue@hdu.edu.cn
More informationHomogeneous and Inhomogeneous Model for Flow and Heat Transfer in Porous Materials as High Temperature Solar Air Receivers
Excert from the roceedings of the COMSOL Conference 1 aris Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Model for Flow and Heat ransfer in orous Materials as High emerature Solar Air Receivers Olena Smirnova 1 *, homas
More informationResearch Article Controllability of Linear Discrete-Time Systems with Both Delayed States and Delayed Inputs
Abstract and Alied Analysis Volume 203 Article ID 97546 5 ages htt://dxdoiorg/055/203/97546 Research Article Controllability of Linear Discrete-Time Systems with Both Delayed States and Delayed Inuts Hong
More informationEntransy analysis of open thermodynamic systems
Article Engineering hermohysics August 0 Vol.57 No.: 934940 doi: 0.007/s434-0-54-x Entransy analysis of oen thermodynamic systems CHENG Xueao, WANG WenHua & LIANG XinGang * Key Laboratory for hermal Science
More informationDETERMINATION OF TRAIN SPEED LIMITS ON RENEWED TRACKS USING TAMPING MACHINE AND NUMERICAL OPTIMISATION
DETERMINATION O TRAIN SPEED LIMITS ON RENEWED TRACKS USING TAMPING MACHINE AND NUMERICAL OPTIMISATION V.L. Markine, C. Esveld Section of Road and Railway Engineering aculty of Civil Engineering, Delft
More informationNumerical Study on the Oil Pump System of Rotary Compressor
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Comressor Engineering Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 2012 Numerical Study on the Oil Pum System of Rotary Comressor Chunhui Liu yuanym@shec.com.cn
More informationCovariance Matrix Estimation for Reinforcement Learning
Covariance Matrix Estimation for Reinforcement Learning Tomer Lancewicki Deartment of Electrical Engineering and Comuter Science University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 37996 tlancewi@utk.edu Itamar Arel
More informationApproximate Dynamic Programming for Dynamic Capacity Allocation with Multiple Priority Levels
Aroximate Dynamic Programming for Dynamic Caacity Allocation with Multile Priority Levels Alexander Erdelyi School of Oerations Research and Information Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853,
More informationGeneration of Linear Models using Simulation Results
4. IMACS-Symosium MATHMOD, Wien, 5..003,. 436-443 Generation of Linear Models using Simulation Results Georg Otte, Sven Reitz, Joachim Haase Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits, Branch Lab Design
More informationResearch of PMU Optimal Placement in Power Systems
Proceedings of the 5th WSEAS/IASME Int. Conf. on SYSTEMS THEORY and SCIENTIFIC COMPUTATION, Malta, Setember 15-17, 2005 (38-43) Research of PMU Otimal Placement in Power Systems TIAN-TIAN CAI, QIAN AI
More informationStudy on Force Characteristics of Buried Pipeline Under Impact Load Caused by Bridge Pile Foundation Construction
American Journal of Mechanics and Alications 018; 6(): 6-67 htt://www.scienceublishinggrou.com/j/ajma doi: 10.11648/j.ajma.018060.13 ISSN: 376-6115 (Print); ISSN: 376-6131 (Online) Study on Force Characteristics
More informationANALYTICAL DESIGN OF BUS PASSENGER TIE ROD
ANALYTICAL DESIGN OF BUS PASSENGER TIE ROD Mr. Prashant R. Vithalkar 1, Prof. U. D. Gulhane, Dr. R. R. Gawande 3 1 P. G. Scholar, Bapurao Deshmukh College of Engineering, Sevagram, Wardha, Maharashtra,
More informationDynamic (Vibrational) and Static Structural Analysis of Ladder Frame
Dynamic (Vibrational) and Static Structural Analysis of Ladder Frame Ketan Gajanan Nalawade 1, Ashish Sabu 2, Baskar P 3 School of Mechanical and building science, VIT University, Vellore-632014, Tamil
More informationBENDING INDUCED VERTICAL OSCILLATIONS DURING SEISMIC RESPONSE OF RC BRIDGE PIERS
BENDING INDUCED VERTICAL OSCILLATIONS DURING SEISMIC RESPONSE OF RC BRIDGE PIERS Giulio RANZO 1, Marco PETRANGELI And Paolo E PINTO 3 SUMMARY The aer resents a numerical investigation on the behaviour
More informationCFD AS A DESIGN TOOL FOR FLUID POWER COMPONENTS
CFD AS A DESIGN TOOL FOR FLUID POWER COMPONENTS M. BORGHI - M. MILANI Diartimento di Scienze dell Ingegneria Università degli Studi di Modena Via Cami, 213/b 41100 Modena E-mail: borghi@omero.dsi.unimo.it
More informationComparative study on different walking load models
Comarative study on different walking load models *Jining Wang 1) and Jun Chen ) 1), ) Deartment of Structural Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China 1) 1510157@tongji.edu.cn ABSTRACT Since the
More informationUsing the Divergence Information Criterion for the Determination of the Order of an Autoregressive Process
Using the Divergence Information Criterion for the Determination of the Order of an Autoregressive Process P. Mantalos a1, K. Mattheou b, A. Karagrigoriou b a.deartment of Statistics University of Lund
More informationOPTIMAL PATHS OF PISTON MOTION OF IRREVERSIBLE DIESEL CYCLE FOR MINIMUM ENTROPY GENERATION. By Yanlin GE, Lingen CHEN *, and Fengrui SUN
OPTIMAL PATHS OF PISTON MOTION OF IRREVERSIBLE DIESEL CYCLE FOR MINIMUM ENTROPY GENERATION By Yanlin GE, Lingen CHEN *, and Fengrui SUN A Diesel cycle heat engine with internal and external irreversibilities
More informationParameters Optimization and Numerical Simulation for Soft Abrasive Flow Machining
Sensors & Transducers 014 by IFSA Publishing, S. L. htt://www.sensorsortal.com Parameters Otimization and Numerical Simulation for Soft Abrasive Flow Machining Qiaoling YUAN, Shiming JI, Donghui WEN and
More informationNonlinear Static Analysis of Cable Net Structures by Using Newton-Raphson Method
Nonlinear Static Analysis of Cable Net Structures by Using Newton-Rahson Method Sayed Mahdi Hazheer Deartment of Civil Engineering University Selangor (UNISEL) Selangor, Malaysia hazheer.ma@gmail.com Abstract
More informationSingle-track models of an A-double heavy vehicle combination
Single-track models of an A-double heavy vehicle combination PETER NILSSON KRISTOFFER TAGESSON Department of Applied Mechanics Division of Vehicle Engineering and Autonomous Systems Vehicle Dynamics Group
More informationParallel Quantum-inspired Genetic Algorithm for Combinatorial Optimization Problem
Parallel Quantum-insired Genetic Algorithm for Combinatorial Otimization Problem Kuk-Hyun Han Kui-Hong Park Chi-Ho Lee Jong-Hwan Kim Det. of Electrical Engineering and Comuter Science, Korea Advanced Institute
More informationKnuth-Morris-Pratt Algorithm
Knuth-Morris-Pratt Algorithm The roblem of tring Matching Given a string, the roblem of string matching deals with finding whether a attern occurs in and if does occur then returning osition in where occurs.
More informationAnalysis of Stainless Steel Bipolar Plates Micro-Stamping Processes
Tsung-Chia CHN, Jiun-Ming Y Deartment of Mechanical ngineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan Analysis of Stainless Steel Biolar Plates Micro-Staming Processes Abstract. Biolar
More informationAnalysis of cold rolling a more accurate method
Analysis of cold rolling a more accurate method 1.1 Rolling of stri more accurate slab analysis The revious lecture considered an aroximate analysis of the stri rolling. However, the deformation zone in
More informationDetermination of Pile Bearing Capacity By In Situ Tests
Determination of Pile Bearing Caacity By In Situ Tests Qani V. Kadiri Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Prishtinë, Kosova Abstract - Jablanica is located in the western art of Kosovo along
More informationResearch of power plant parameter based on the Principal Component Analysis method
Research of ower lant arameter based on the Princial Comonent Analysis method Yang Yang *a, Di Zhang b a b School of Engineering, Bohai University, Liaoning Jinzhou, 3; Liaoning Datang international Jinzhou
More informationState Estimation with ARMarkov Models
Deartment of Mechanical and Aerosace Engineering Technical Reort No. 3046, October 1998. Princeton University, Princeton, NJ. State Estimation with ARMarkov Models Ryoung K. Lim 1 Columbia University,
More informationComputer arithmetic. Intensive Computation. Annalisa Massini 2017/2018
Comuter arithmetic Intensive Comutation Annalisa Massini 7/8 Intensive Comutation - 7/8 References Comuter Architecture - A Quantitative Aroach Hennessy Patterson Aendix J Intensive Comutation - 7/8 3
More informationLower Confidence Bound for Process-Yield Index S pk with Autocorrelated Process Data
Quality Technology & Quantitative Management Vol. 1, No.,. 51-65, 15 QTQM IAQM 15 Lower onfidence Bound for Process-Yield Index with Autocorrelated Process Data Fu-Kwun Wang * and Yeneneh Tamirat Deartment
More informationAnalysis of the Effect of Number of Knots in a Trajectory on Motion Characteristics of a 3R Planar Manipulator
Analysis of the Effect of Number of Knots in a Trajectory on Motion Characteristics of a Planar Maniulator Suarno Bhattacharyya & Tarun Kanti Naskar Mechanical Engineering Deartment, Jadavur University,
More informationFINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION OF BACKWARD EXTRUSION DIES USING SHRINK FITTED RINGS
Vienna, AUSTRIA, 000, Setember 5-8 FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION OF BACKWARD EXTRUSION DIES USING SHRINK FITTED RINGS M.E. Yurci 1, V. Taskin and N. Urkmez 1 Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey Trakya
More informationNumerical simulation of bird strike in aircraft leading edge structure using a new dynamic failure model
Numerical simulation of bird strike in aircraft leading edge structure using a new dynamic failure model Q. Sun, Y.J. Liu, R.H, Jin School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi an 710072,
More informationDeveloping A Deterioration Probabilistic Model for Rail Wear
International Journal of Traffic and Transortation Engineering 2012, 1(2): 13-18 DOI: 10.5923/j.ijtte.20120102.02 Develoing A Deterioration Probabilistic Model for Rail Wear Jabbar-Ali Zakeri *, Shahrbanoo
More informationRadial Basis Function Networks: Algorithms
Radial Basis Function Networks: Algorithms Introduction to Neural Networks : Lecture 13 John A. Bullinaria, 2004 1. The RBF Maing 2. The RBF Network Architecture 3. Comutational Power of RBF Networks 4.
More informationYixi Shi. Jose Blanchet. IEOR Department Columbia University New York, NY 10027, USA. IEOR Department Columbia University New York, NY 10027, USA
Proceedings of the 2011 Winter Simulation Conference S. Jain, R. R. Creasey, J. Himmelsach, K. P. White, and M. Fu, eds. EFFICIENT RARE EVENT SIMULATION FOR HEAVY-TAILED SYSTEMS VIA CROSS ENTROPY Jose
More informationAssessing Slope Stability of Open Pit Mines using PCA and Fisher Discriminant Analysis
Assessing Sloe Stabilit of Oen Pit Mines using PCA and Fisher Discriminant Analsis Shiao Xiang College of Geoscience and Surveing Engineering, China Universit of Mining and echnolog (Beijing), Beijing
More informationInfluence of Guideway Flexibility on Stability and Bifurcation of Maglev Vehicle Systems
Columbia International Publishing Journal of Vibration Analysis, Measurement, and Control (5) Vol. 3 No.. 3-33 doi:.776/jvamc.5.6 Research Article Influence of Guideway Flexibility on Stability and Bifurcation
More informationRatio Estimators in Simple Random Sampling Using Information on Auxiliary Attribute
ajesh Singh, ankaj Chauhan, Nirmala Sawan School of Statistics, DAVV, Indore (M.., India Florentin Smarandache Universit of New Mexico, USA atio Estimators in Simle andom Samling Using Information on Auxiliar
More informationRole of Momentum Interpolation Mechanism of the Roe. Scheme in Shock Instability
Role of Momentum Interolation Mechanism of the Roe Scheme in Shock Instability Xiao-dong Ren 1,2 Chun-wei Gu 1 Xue-song Li 1,* 1. Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of
More informationEnergy-Absorbing Capacity of Cellular Textile Composites: Modeling and Optimization
Energy-Absorbing Caacity of Cellular Textile Comosites: Modeling and Otimization T.X. Yu, P. Xue and X.M. Tao Deartment of Mechanical Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear
More information