Motion Perception, Perceptual Constancy, Perceptual Interpretation, and ESP (it s not real )

Transcription

1 Motion Perception, Perceptual Constancy, Perceptual Interpretation, and ESP (it s not real )

2 Motion Perception & Perceptual Constancy Which car is bigger? What is in my hand?

3 Motion Perception Stroboscopic movement - movement is experienced when the object appears to undergo a change in its location. displaying a series of still images, giving the perception of continual motion. Think strobe light or how cartoons work. Phi phenomenon - an illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession.

4 Perceptual Constancy - perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent shapes, size, lightness, and color) even as illumination and retinal images change.

5 Shape and Size Constancies Shape constancy perceive the form of familiar objects as constant even while our retinal image of it changes

6 Shape and Size Constancies Size constancy we perceive objects as having a constant size even when our distance from them varies Connection between perceived distance and perceived size Moon Illusion why does the moon look bigger when closer to the horizon? Monster Illusion Ponzo Illusion Take away distance cues -look through a tube

7

8 Shape & Size Constancy Put your left hand in front of your face Move it back and forth Does it seem to grow and shrink? Probably only a little Now put a finger in front of your hand Focus on the finger Move the hand behind your finger back and forth What happened?

9 Ames Room

10 Lightness constancy we perceive an object as having a constant lightness even while its illumination varies AKA Brightness constancy Relative luminance amount of light an object reflects relative to its surroundings Square A looks darker than square B because of surrounding context, but they are the same Lightness Constancy

11 Color Constancy Color constancy - perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object. Surrounding context & objects

12 Perceptual Organization, Constancy, & Other Senses Do you hear clocks ticking as grouped sounds? (TICKtick, tick-tock rather than just tick tick tick tick ) Do unfamiliar languages sound like one long, continuous word? Can you tell when one word stops and another begins? THEDOGATEMEAT The dog ate meat The do gate me at Which did you arrange this as? Because of: perceptual interpretation our last section of the unit

13 AP Psych Unit 4.5 Perceptual Interpretation & ESP 1. Can you recall a time when your expectations have predisposed how you perceived a person or people? 2. Could you get through your day if you saw everything upside down? 3. First day in a new pair of glasses or if you have ever put on a friend s glasses (if you have 20/20) how does it feel? 4. Have you ever experienced ESP? Explain.

14 If a man born blind, and now adult, was taught by his touch to distinguish between a cube and a sphere could he, if made to see, visually distinguish between the 2? Experiments on sensory deprivation - people with cataracts that could then see later in life Just like the man in this picture, humans have a critical period in early life to gain the ability for certain top-down processing in perception. if a sense is gained later in life, critical period was missed, they have problems with perception But some sensory restrictions later in life do no damage Sensory Deprivation & Restored Vision

15 Perceptual Adaptation Perceptual adaptation - in vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field. Think about when you first get a new pair of glasses you feel a little dizzy or your vision is off, but in a few days, your vision is perfect again

16 Perceptual Adaptation Visual Distortion Goggles Glasses that can shift everything you see drastically to the left or right Within a few minutes you can adapt! Remove the lenses aftereffect Upside-down inversion goggles experiment proved you can even adapt to that change after 8 days

17 Perceptual Set Perceptual set - a mental disposition to perceive one thing and not another the mental predisposition greatly influences what we perceive (top-down). Based on our experiences, assumptions, & expectations Once we have a wrong idea about reality, we have trouble seeing the truth Read the piece of paper the teacher gives you and then write down what you see in the next slide:

18

19 What is the picture in the middle? If you look only at the picture on the left first, you see a saxophone player If you look only at the picture on the right first, you see a woman

20 What do you see here? Loch Ness monster OR a log? When the media tells you it s a monster, that s what you see. But are there ripples of water coming from the body? Think about a log before you look at it, and that is what you will see (Do you believe in Nessy?)

21 Perceptual Set is Similar to Priming What word do these letters spell? F O L K What about these? C R O A K And these? S O A K What do you call the white of an egg?

22 Schemas Study shows that fries served in a McDonald s bag rather than a plain white bag are perceived to be more delicious Schemas our pre-existing experiences form concepts / schemas that help organize and interpret new info and help with top-down processing Determines perceptual sets

23 Would you pay $28,000 for this? Schemas & Perceptual Sets are responsible for people claiming to see random facial patterns in the moon, food, etc..

24 Context Effects: eel is on the wagon eel is on the orange Does the player in yellow look short? Does the chasing monster in back look aggressive? Does the chased monster in front look scared? Is the box on the floor or hanging from the ceiling? Need a baby to wear boy colors to know it s a boy? Difficult without context?

25 Culture & Context Effects 1. What is above the woman s head? 2. Where are these people?

26 Culture & Context Effects 1. Westerners: window. East Africans: Box on her head 2. Westerners: corner of a room. East Africans: under tree

27 Emotion and Motivation Walking destinations seem farther away when we are already tired Hills look steeper if we are wearing a heavy backpack Targets seem farther away if we are throwing a heavier item at it Baseball players say the ball seems bigger if they are hitting well

28 Motivation If you are told you will be rewarded for seeing a farm animal, you will see a horse If you are told you will be rewarded for seeing a sea animal, you will see a seal

29 Emotions Teachers will be more strict with students that have a reputation for being bad in the past, regardless of their current behavior or recent maturity Referees call fouls more often on players with a history of aggressive behavior When driving you hate pedestrians, when walking you hate drivers!

30 Perception is a Biopsychosocial Phenomenon

31 Claims of ESP Parapsychology - the study of paranormal phenomena (psi), including ESP and psychokinesis. Extrasensory Perception (ESP) - the controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input Telepathy mind to mind communication sending thoughts to others or reading thoughts Clairvoyance perceive remote events happening now Precognition tell the future Psychokinesis (PK) mind over matter - levitation

32 Parapsychology

33 Premonitions or Pretensions? Why don t psychics predict lotteries? Make billions in the stock market? Predict 9/11? Psychics predictions rarely come true, only by chance Nostradamus even said himself that his predictions could maybe be applied to events after they happen and interpreted to match that strange event

34 What About Déjà Vu? Do your dreams predict the future? Do they only seem to because we are more likely to recall dreams that seem to come true? What about the thousands of other dreams that don t come true and that we never think about? Is it just by chance or do the dreams predict?...

35 Putting ESP to Experimental Test ESP Experiments Psychics are always proved wrong in the lab They are not on stage, controlling an audience