Allusion Warm-up Identify the allusion, then note whether this sentence is simple, compound, complex, or com-com (look at conjunctions).

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2 Allusion Warm-up Identify the allusion, then note whether this sentence is simple, compound, complex, or com-com (look at conjunctions). Brandon cut the Gordian Knot with the problem of deciding which girl to ask to the Homecoming Game by simply staying at home. Rangers aren t allowed to miss football games! Report to the field house for your punishment.

3 Origin: Mythology Allusion Answer -According to legend, there was a Greek king named Gordius, who tied a complex knot when his reign began. He prophesied that whoever untied the knot would be the ruler of Asia. Alexander the Great untied the knot by cutting it in half with his sword. -Today cutting the Gordian Knot is finding an easy solution to a complex problem. -Use the model to write your own sentence using Gordian Knot. Then, identify and label the clauses.

4 Epigram SLAM! Let s Listen to the Best of Epigrams from our evaluation teams!

5 Three Categories of Archetypes: Character Symbols Event/Situation Symbols Rando Object Symbols

6 Character Symbols These have to do with, what else How we see ourselves What we prize What we fear

7 Character Symbol Archetypes: patterns of characters in human culture that represent our hopes, questions, and fears. The hero: physical traits & ideas attached to them The monster/beast: physical traits & ideas attached to them The trickster: physical traits & ideas attached to them Here are some others The wicked stepmother The mentor/guide The fool/prophet The princess/ handsome prince The nurturing mother The strong/distant father The sidekick The savior/martyr The nemesis The hermit/outcast The temptress The double/apparition Can you think of characters in stories or movies that fit these labels? There are many more, but archetypes are a defined list.

8 Character Symbol Archetypes ~Details~ Character Symbol Archetypes: patterns of characters in human culture that represent our hopes, questions, and fears. Here are a few descriptions. Thinking symbolically: OBJECT = PHYSICAL QUALITITES; ABSTRACT CONNECTION = UNIVERSAL IDEAS THEY REPRESENT The hero PHYSICAL QUALITIES: special unusual birth, given an object of power, arête/sophosyne, goes on journey, hubris/hamartia; ABSTRACT CONNECTION: represents the ideals of a society The monster/beast PHYSICAL QUALITIES: inhuman, resides in the watery underworld, guards the elixir, destroys tragic hero; ABSTRACT CONNECTION: represents our most deep-seated fears & nightmares The trickster PHYSICAL QUALITIES: a fallen god/angel, supernatural/magical abilities, offers knowledge, deceptive ; ABSTRACT CONNECTION: represents the dualities of enlightenment The nurturing mother PHYSICAL QUALITIES: nurturing, selfless, enabling (especially ignorance), smothering; ABSTRACT CONNECTION: represents the force of maternal creation, but also dependency The savior/martyr PHYSICAL QUALITIES: special unusual birth, arête/sophosyne, goes on journey, hubris/hamartia BUT ALSO, dies for a cause or to save society; ABSTRACT CONNECTION: represents the ultimate sacrifice to an ideal The nemesis PHYSICAL QUALITIES: a mortal foe who has qualities directly opposing the hero, special unusual birth, arête/sophosyne, goes on journey, hubris/hamartia; ABSTRACT CONNECTION: represents the human force that must be defeated in order to save society

9 Situation Symbols These have to do with Our struggles to survive Our goals Our fears of the unknown/things we cannot control

10 Patterns of events in stories Battle between good and evil The hero s journey Creation of the universe The Apocalypse Cycle of birth, death, and resurrection Rites of passage The Great Flood Fall from Grace Think about a book you just read, like Animal Farm. How many of these patterns do you see in that story?

11 Situational Symbol Archetypes ~Details~ Situational Symbol Archetypes: patterns of events in stories Here are a few descriptions. Thinking symbolically: OBJECT = PHYSICAL QUALITITES; ABSTRACT CONNECTION = UNIVERSAL IDEAS THEY REPRESENT Battle between good and evil PHYSICAL QUALITIES: a grand battle between the heroic element and the nemesis; ABSTRACT CONNECTION: cosmic clashing of opposing forces (that results in a balance) The hero s journey PHYSICAL QUALITIES: separation (the call & refusal, crossing the threshold into the special world) initiation (trials against foe, supernatural assistance, the abyss, battle with beast, elixir, apotheosis &atonement) return (saves society, atonement, gift of the goddess/freedom to live) ABSTRACT CONNECTION: the transition of the soul from mortality to immortality Fall from Grace PHYSICAL QUALITIES: the garden (paradise of ignorance), the temptation of knowledge, rejecting the father (rules), recognition of fall, integration into new reality (wilderness); ABSTRACT CONNECTION: represents the fears of transitioning to adulthood (or fears of experience)

12 Rando Object Symbols They have to do with The Cosmos Personality/ Sexuality The Natural World

13 objects in stories that stand for Mandala Axis Mundi Shadow/Persona Syzygy Ouroboros ideas. -Sacred Union (Anima/Animus) -Colors -Rivers/Water -Desert/Garden/Forest -Numbers These are the toughest archetypes to locate, because you have to first determine where the physical symbolic qualities exist. If it s a Mandala, look for a circular shape at the center of everything. If it s an Axis Mundi, look for a vertical pole that connects the sky to the underworld.

14 Mandala Physical Qualities: circular object with spokes radiating out from a center, called the omphalos. The edges of the spokes are often bordered (w/a square, for example). Examples are the sun, an eye, a hurricane/tornado, a flower, a clock face, a pendant, and egg (yin-yang) well anything spherical or circular that stands for Abstract Connection: the entire cosmos, its creation (the omphalos) and its end (the border at the edges), and all the cycles of life, death, and resurrection in between. The omphalos is the birth canal from which the cosmos springs. It s also called the primordial mound (think pregnant tummy) or the navel of the universe (a euphemism for birth canal)

15 Axis Mundi PHYSICAL QUALITIES: a pole that reaches from the bottom to the top, often in the form of a tree, mountain, ladder, pyramid, road, sun ray, stairway, river, a storm (funnel) ABSTRACT CONNECTION: all the layers of the universal and our place in it. The top of the pole stands for the crystalline, starry heavens (unchanging, perfect, eternal, abode of the gods/triumphant heroes not us), the middle stands for the ordinary, mortal world (where regular humans belong), the bottom stretches to the watery underworld, where all mortal souls travel upon death (it s watery, misty/confusing like a dream, the beast lurks in the deepest pit, solemn, but pretty much a grayer, quieter version of the mortal world)

16 The Shadow & Other Personality Symbols Physical Qualities: dark, blurry form, mirror image, disembodied voice, a ghost, a pursuer, a bully Abstract Connections: repressed self that is the dark side of the persona The pre-human, animal past fear, anger, shame, and desire Animal side = amoral more than evil

17 Ouroboros PHYSICAL QUALITIES: a snake/dragon looping back into a circle to eat its own tail; another similar image is the yin-yang of Taoism where the yin element exists within the yang and vice versa; the phoenix is a closely related symbolic archetype as well. ABSTRACT CONNECTION: much like themandala, it represents totality, wholeness, infinity particularly as a representation of the human psyche (mind); stresses the cyclical nature of the universe; also represents defense against forces of chaos and disintegration caused by entropy.

18 Elemental Forces The Desert: PHYSICAL QUALITIES a desolate, empty place of mortality. Often a silent dead end void of life or hope. ABSTRACT CONNECTION: our fears of nothingness as afterlife, the absence of an immortal soul; The Garden: PHYSICAL QUALITIES a primordial paradise, often with a supernaturally cultivated place of nature, also often containing the temptations of knowledge. ABSTRACT CONNECTION: innocence, happy ignorance, absence of wisdom, childhood under the protection of a father (sky-father) and a mother (earth mother) The Wilderness: PHYSICAL QUALITIES a chaotic and unpredictable place that is often confusing, dangerous, and menacing but also exhilarating sometimes a forest is the belly of the beast. ABSTRACT CONNECTION: our fears of the unknown, uncertainty, loss of order, our attempt to control our destinies (adulthood/maturity/wisdom derived from experience and hardship);

19 Water a symbol of life, cleansing, and rebirth represents the mystery of creation Sea spiritual mystery and infinity, timelessness and eternity River death / rebirth (baptism), flowing of time into eternity, transitional phases of life Deep, Still Water the unknowable, the primordial waters of life/creation Reflective Water your darker self, fears, desires

20 Fire a symbol of life force, cleansing/destroying, and the cycle of represents the cycles of destruction and rebirth Lake of Fire punishment of the soul through the tormenting opposition of elemental forces (lake=water, not fire) Rain of Fire same as above Ceremonial Fire/Smoke bringer of knowledge/light/enlightenment; purifying through destruction and regrowth

21 Symbolic Archetypal Colors White = absence (innocence, death), truth & purity Black = power, the unknown (death, mourning) Red = sanguinity (blood, life-force, passion, rage) Brown = earth, nature Green = fertility, renewal, wealth (greed, envy) Gray = afterlife, neutrality (passionless) Some Others = Yellow = humility, optimism, loyalty Blue = nobility, tranquility, purity, depression Orange = adventure, change (forced change, disruptiveness) Purple/Violet = paradox, mysticism

22 Symbolic Archetypal Numbers Prime Numbers = sacred, divine, indestructible 1 = the self, primacy, the source 2 = duality, mind/body, polarity 3= unity, spiritual awareness, reconciliation 4 = stability (four elements, cardinal directions{east=birth, West=Death}) 10 = totality, completion = chaos, disintegration, dissolution of the self 0 = primordialism

23 Name That Symbolic Archetype!