Geotechnical Impacts of the Sept 19, 2017 Puebla-Mexico City Earthquake UNAM-GEER team Reconnaissance
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1 Geotechnical Impacts of the Sept 19, 2017 Puebla-Mexico City Earthquake UNAM-GEER team Reconnaissance Tara C. Hutchinson Professor, Dept of Structural Engineering University of California, San Diego November 14, 2017 EERI Webinar
2 UNAM-GEER Effort Two International Teams (Advance & Main) 9/25 9/29 (Adv) 9/30 10/5 (Main) Local support & UNAM Team Leadership: Prof. Juan Mayoral Villa US GEER Team Leadership: Kevin Franke (BYU, Adv Team); Tara Hutchinson (UCSD, Main Team) GEER Steering Committee: Jonathan Bray; Ellen Rathje, Fernando Garcia et al. Report v1:
3 UNAM Team Prof. Juan Mayoral Villa (Lead), Mauricio Alcaraz, Adriana Badillo, Ernesto Castanon, Azucena Roman, Simon Tepalcapa Luciano Fernandez Sola, Gustavo Ayala et al.
4 AKA The Scouts UNAM-GEER Advance Team Kevin Franke (BYU, Lead); Chadi Mohtar (UTA), Christian Ledezma (Chile), Anne Lemnitzer (UCI), Alejandro Martinez (UCD), Jorge Meneses (CSSC), Gonzalo Montalva (Chile), Mark Yashinksky (Caltrans)
5 GEER Main Team AKA The Workerbees Tara Hutchinson (UCSD, Lead), Pedro Arduino (UW), Domniki Asimaki (CalTech), Gabriel Candia (Chile), Jake Dafni (UW), Shideh Dashti (UC Boulder), Eric Lo (UCSD), Domnique Meyer (UCSD), Jack Montgomery (Auburn), Alesandra Morales (Puerto Rico), Menzer Pehlivan (CH2M), Clint Wood (U- Arkansas), Tom O Rourke (Cornell)
6 Seismic Testing UNAM-GEER team performed > 40 tests (CDMX, Puebla & Morelos) Surface wave (MASW/MAM) & HVSR GEER team Ledezma, Wood et al.
7 Remote Sensing 4 unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) throughout its reconnaissance & LiDAR scanning 30 sites, >300GB data; >10k images Generation of Poetree models (Web-navigateable point clouds); 3D rendered models; 3D video content; Ortho-rectified images (damage maps)
8 Mexico City Soil Conditions Central CDMX on soft clay deposits (thickness varying ~25-40m) Xochimilco-Chalco deposits stiffer & stronger then Texcoco Lake clays
9 Geo-zonation of CDMX
10 Typical Soil Profile (Zone III, Lake) ~1-2m desiccated clay crust ~25-35m very soft clay ~4-7m very dense sand/silt ~50-60m stiff clay Competent very stiff sandy silt-silty clay Mayoral et al., 2016
11 Dynamic Soil Properties (Zone III, Lake) Typical G/G max - g curves (Texcoco clay) Little reduction in G, until g -> 0.1% No significant increase in l until g -> 0.3% Mayoral et al., 2016
12 Zone II (Transition) Soft Clays ~0-20m soft clay Stiffer soils, with interbedded sandy silts/silty sands Competent very stiff sandy silt-silty clay Zone I (Hill) Volcanic rock and/or stiff soil Mayoral et al., 2016
13 Historical Context
14 Historical Context 1985 collapsed buildings 2017 collapsed buildings
15 2017 Event Recordings 1) Centro de Instrumentación y Registro Sísmico (CIRES) [53 stations] 2) Red Acelerográfica de Movimientos Fuertes del Instituto de Ingeniería (IINGEN) at UNAM [18 stations] 3) Servicio Sismológico Nacional (SSN) del Instituto de Geofísica (IGEOF) of UNAM [10 stations]
16 Site Response (UNAM Stations) 0.8 Spectral acceleration, Sa(g) V N90E N00E PCJR (Lake zone); 2017 Event Period, T(s) 4.5 km TACY (Hill zone) Amplification Ratios
17 Arroyo et al., 2013; GEER data by Ledezma, Wood et al. Site Periods Contrasting locations: CDMX - La Condesa (0.7s) - Roma Sur (1.3s) - Tlahuac (2.0s) Jojutla (0.27s) [Morelos] Puebla City ( s) [Puebla]
18 IINGEN, 2017 Shake Maps
19 CDMX: Damage data by geo-zonation 86% in Zone II & IIIa/b Damage data: CICM (2017) ( Summary courtesy of Adriana Badillo, UNAM
20 Ground Failure Index GF0 GF1 GF2 GF3 Ground Failure Index: Border Color (after Bray and Stewart, 2000)
21 Structural Damage Index D0 D1 D3 D5 Structural Damage Index: Fill Color (modified from Coburn and Spence, 1992; as used by Bray and Stewart, 2000) 21
22 La Condesa
23 Case Study Region: La Condesa
24 La Condesa Region
25 Del Mar Region (e-subsidence)
26 Puebla City
27 Concluding Remarks (1/2) Important geotechnical features that were present in this event: Site Response Foundation Performance (v1 report) & implications of existing subsidence in regions of CDMX (southern) [Del Mar, Xochimilco] Regional impacts and distribution of damage Important geotechnical features that were NOT present in this event: Liquefaction Surface rupture
28 Concluding Remarks (2/2) Unique contributions of the UNAM-GEER effort Enrich knowledge of regional site characteristics through seismic testing Immediate collection of perishable data using both onground and aerial (remote sensing) tools On ground surveys and correlation of damage with geotechnical features (foundation-structural damage maps) Site effects vs Basin effects? Expanse of detailing case histories/sites Version2 report! Distribution of 3D models via NHERI DesignSafe-CI UNAM-GEER webinar: Dec 4 th (tentative)
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