LABORATORY SHEAR TESTING OF SOILS
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2 LABORATORY SHEAR TESTING OF SOILS A symposium sponsored by the NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF CANADA and the AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS Ottawa, Canada, Sept. 9, Reg. U. S. Pat. Off..4STM Special Technical Publication No. 36I Price $~4.5o; to Members $17.15 Published by the AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS i916 Race St., Philadelphia 3, Pa.
3 9 BY A~tERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTINO AND MATERIALS 1964 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: Printed in Baltimore, Md. First Printing, December, 1964 Second Printing, September, 1965
4 FOREWORD The Symposium on Laboratory Shear Testing of Soils, sponsored by ASTM Committee D-18 on Soils for Engineering Purposes and the National Research Council of Canada, was held in four sessions from Sept. 9 to 11, 1963, in Ottawa, Canada. It was the second cooperative soils symposium held by Committee D-18 outside of the United States. The first symposium was held in Mexico City in A welcoming address by Robert F. Legget, vice-president of ASTM, opened the first session. W. G. Holtz, chairman of Committee D-18, discussed the history, purpose, and activities of his committee. The conference chairman was Carl B. Crawford, of the National Research Council of Canada, who was responsible for developing the symposium program. An introductory paper, "Strength Testing of Soils," was presented by G. F. Sowers, chairman of D-18 Subcommittee on Structural Properties of Soils. Each of the four technical sessions was presided over by a chairman who presented a general report on his session. iii
5 NoTE--The Society is not responsible, as a body, for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication.
6 CONTENTS Introduction--W. G. Holtz Strength Testing of Soils--George F. Sowers Discussion Theories General Report on Theories--G. G. Meyerhof Discussion Shear Strength of Soils in a General Stress Field--W. D. Liam Finn and H. K. Mittal 42 Discussion The Uniqueness of the Mohr-Coulomb Concept in Shear Failure--E. C. W. A. Geuze 52 Discussion Difference in Triaxial and Plain Strain Shear Strength--H. Leussink and W. Wittke. 77 Creep Studies on Saturated Clays--James K. Mitchell and Richard G. Campanella. 90 Discussion An Evaluation of Test Data for Selecting a Yield Criterion for Soils--K. H. Roscoe, A. N. Schofield, and A. Thurairajah Discussion The Stress-Dilatancy Performance of Two Clays--P. W. Rowe, D. B. Oates, and N. A. Skermer Discussion Generalizing and Measuring the Hvorsley Effective Components of Shear Resistance --John H. Schmertmann Discussion Stress Variation and Pore Pressures General Report on Stress Variation and Pore Pressures--T. William Lambe Discussion The Effect of Nonuniform Pore Pressures on Laboratory Measurements of the Shear Strength of Soils--G. E. Blight Discussion Pore Pressures within Soil Specimens in Triaxial Compression--Carl B. Crawford Discussion Pore Pressure Control and Evaluation for Triaxial Compression--H. J. Gibbs Discussion Pore Pressure Functions in Saturated Soils--E. Juarez-Badillo Discussion Void Ratio Effects on the Hyperbolic Stress-Strain Response of a Sand--Robert L. Kondner and Joseph S. Zelasko A Graphical Approach to the Problem of the Stress-Strain Relationship of Normally Consolidated Clays--H. B. Poorooshasb and K. H. Roscoe Discussion The Influence of Stress Path on Triaxial Test Results--N. E. Simons Discussion The Influence of Stress History on Stress Paths in Undrained Triaxial Tests on Clay--D. J. Henkel and V. A. Sowa Discussion PAGE
7 vi CONTENTS Test Methods and New Equipment General Report on Test Methods and New Equipment--F. A. DeLory Discussion 301 Vienna Method of Shear Testing--H. Borowicka Discussion Triaxial Testing with Large-Scale High Pressure Equipment--E. B. Hall and B. B. Gordon Discussion High-Pressure Triaxial Tests on a Compacted Sand and an Undisturbed Silt--R. C. Hirschfeld and S. J. Poulos 329 Discussion The Strength of "Undisturbed" Clay Determined from Undrained Tests--Charles C. Ladd and T. William Lambe A Simple Pore Water Pressure Gage--Gerald P. Raymond Laboratory Vane Shear Tests and the Influence of Pore-Water Stresses--Nyal E. Wilson 377 Discussion... : A Transducer to Measure Pore-Water Pressures in Soil Tests--K. N. Burn Discussion... '.. : Test Interpretation and Errors General Report on Test InterPretation and Errors--H. Bolton Seed and James K. Mitchell Discussion Influence of Placement Condition on Shear Test Results on Compacted Soil--D. J. Bazett and E. S. Bell The Influence of the Provisions for Boundary Drainage on Strength and Consolidation Characteristics of Soil Measured in the Triaxial Apparatus--A. W. Bishop and R. E. Gibson Discussion Some Deficiencies in Testing Leda Clay--D. F. Coates and G. C. McRostie Comparison of the Shear Strengths of Laboratory- and Field-Compacted Soils--W. G. Holtz and Willard Ellis Discussion Effect of Lateral Filter-Paper Drains on the Triaxial Shear Characteristics of Soils-- R. E. Olson and M. L. Kiefer The Effect of Test Techniques on the Shear Strengths of Western Canadian Clays-- L. G. Chan and P. J. Rivard Discussion PAGE
8 RELATED ASTM PUBLICATIONS Load Tests of Bearing Capacity of Soils, STP 79 (1947) Triaxial Testing of Soils and Bituminous Mixtures, STP 106 ( ) Identification and Classification of Soils, STP 113 (1950) Surface and Subsurface Reconnaissance, STP 122 (1951) Consolidation Testing of Soils, STP 126 (1951) Direct Shear Testing of Soils, STP 131 (1952) Use of Radioisotopes in Soil Mechanics, STP 134 (1952) Exchange Phenomena in Soils, STP 142 (1952) Bibliography of Publications on Soil Dynamics, STP 146 (1952) Lateral Pile Load Tests, STP 154 (1953); supplement, STP 154 A (1954) Dynamic Testing of Soils, STP 156 (1953) Permeability of Soils, STP 163 (1954) Vane Shear Testing of Soils, STP 193 (1956) Soils, STP 206 (1956) Soils for Engineering Purposes, STP 232 (1957) Application of Soil Testing in Highway Design and Construction, STP 239 (1958) Soils Meetings, STP 254 Nuclear Methods for Measuring Soil Density and Moisture, STP 293 (1960) Soil Dynamics, STP 305 (1961) Field Tests and Measurements for Soils and Foundation Engineer, STP 322 (1962) Soil Exploration, STP 351 (1963) vii
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