Electronic Supplementary Material Hydrogeology Journal. The GIS layers of the International Hydrogeological Map of Europe

Transcription

1 Electronic Supplementary Material Hydrogeology Journal The GIS layers of the International Hydrogeological Map of Europe 1:1,500,000 in a vector format Klaus Duscher 1 *, Andreas Günther 2, Andrea Richts 2, Patrick Clos 1, Uta Philipp 1, Wilhelm Struckmeier 3 1 Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Wilhelmstr , Berlin, Germany 2 Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Stilleweg 2, Hannover, Germany 3 Wandelbergsfeld 11, Burgdorf * corresponding author, Klaus Duscher phone: +49 (0) , Klaus.Duscher@bgr.de Table S1 Print dates of the IHME1500 map sheets and availability of related explanatory notes Sheet Year of printing Explanatory notes Sheet Year of printing Explanatory notes A5 La Coruña 1983 D3 Stockholm 1981 X A6 Lisboa 2001 D4 Warszawa 1981 X B2 Island 1980 X D5 Budapest 2013 B3 Edinburgh 1980 X D6 Athina 2009 B4 London 1976 X E2 Archangel'sk 1987 X B5 Paris-Sud 1975 X E3 Moskva 1979 X B6 Madrid 1978 X E4 Kijev 1981 X C2 Trondheim 1984 X E5 Bucureşti 2013 C3 Oslo 1979 X E6 Ankara 1978 C4 Berlin 1977 X F2 Kirov 1992 X C5 Bern 1970 X F3 Kazan' 1990 X C6 Roma 1990 F4 Astrachan' 1995 X D2 Haparanda 1984 X 1

2 Fig. S1 General map structure of IHME1500 map sheets Text S1 Explanation concerning printed IHME1500 map sheets The entire printed IHME1500 map sheets are built up in an equal structure with the same set of components. These components are illustrated by the division of red framed sections in Fig. S1. The spatial visualisation of map elements is shown in the map face in the centre of a map sheet using signatures and symbols, which are decoded in the left and the right map legend. The left hand legend describes the general classification, lithological composition and stratigraphy of the uppermost groundwater resources with relevance to water management, covering the whole map except for areas with water or ice. The legend on the right side defines all supplementary mapped objects relating to the four categories notes on groundwater and springs (e.g. type and discharge of springs, groundwater level), surface waters (e. g. water divides, lakes, runoff values), artificial works for water management (e.g. wells, canals) and geological symbols (e.g. tectonic fractures, top or base contour lines of formations). The set of these map elements is varying among the map sheets due to availability of information and regional significance. The legend is presented in three languages, which usually encompass two UN-languages and German. 2

3 Table S2 Selected national map viewers displaying hydrogeological contents (Cited 4 May 2015) Country Denmark Denmark Finland Germany Ireland Norway Norway Slovakia Czech Republic UK Map viewer Table S3 Types of map material and related digitisation methods Available format Digitisation method 1 2 Analogue format Vector data Print maps: A5 La Coruña, B2 Island, B3 Edinburgh and C5 Bern Black & white print masters, print maps: 17 map sheets Freehand (Adobe) graphics: A6 Lisboa and D6 Athina a. ESRI shapefile format: D5 Budapest b. ESRI shape file format exported from OCAD (GIS): E5 Bucureşti On-screen digitisation Semi-automated digitisation with post-processing Export of dxf-files with postprocessing - Digital line themes - Digitisation of polygons from prints to correct topological errors Text S2 Explanation on material types of IHME1500 map sheets The availability of black and white print masters for 17 map sheets facilitated a semi-automatic digitisation of mapped graphical information using a raster scanner device (Robinson et al. 1995). Four map sheets were digitised manually. The four most recently published map sheets were already compiled as vector data in a shapefile format, or were prepared as graphics with the software Freehand (Adobe). 3

4 Table S4 Coordinate reference system of the IHME1500 print maps and GIS layers Printed map sheets IHME1500 print Projection: Equidistant Conic Central Meridian: Standard Parallel 1: 38 or 40 Standard Parallel 2: 58 or 60 GIS Layers IHME1500 v1.1 EPSG code: 3034 Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic False Easting: ,0 False Northing: ,0 Central Meridian: 10,0 Standard Parallel 1: 35,0 Standard Parallel 2: 65,0 Latitude of Origin: 52,0 Linear Unit: Meter (1,0) Datum: ETRS1989 Spheroid: GRS1980 Fig. S2 Adjustment of a IHME1500 scan section to a uniform river network Text S3 Explanation on spatial adjustment of IHME1500 GIS layer to vmap base The modulation to adjust the vector data of the IHME1500 to the Vector Map Level 0 (vmap) river network and coastline was implemented through a displacement according to previously determined adjustment vectors (Fig. S2). To achieve a correct alignment of the IHME1500 map scans with the vmap data, 800 to 2500 displacement vectors were defined for each map sheet. Because minor displacements still occurred in the transition area of neighbouring map sheets, further sets of adjustment vectors were determined in the periphery of the map sheets and subsequent modulations were carried out. The maximum required length of an adjustment vector accounts for a true distance of about 25 km. The modulation was implemented utilising the software tool Spatial Adjustment provided by the GIS ArcMap (ESRI). 4

5 Table S5 Grouping of the IHME1500 lithology into five aggregation levels including a complete class designation (Separate tables for each of the three material types of aggregation level 5) Level 5: Consolidated materials 5

6 6

7 7

8 Level 5: Partially consolidated materials 8

9 9

10 10

11 Level 5: Unconsolidated materials 11

12 Fig. S3 Tectonic fractures and aquifer types of the IHME1500 vector data in a section of the Alps 12

13 Table S6 Selection of national hydrogeological maps in Europe (Modified and extended after Struckmeier and Margat 1995, p ) COUNTRY TITLE SCALE YEAR Albania Hydrogeological map of PSR of Albania sheets 1 : Austria Hydrogeologische Karte der Republik Österreich 1 : Austria Hydrogeologische Karte von Österreich 1 : Belgium Hydrogeologie I und II (in: Atlas de Belgique) 1 : Bosnia & Carte Hydrogéologique des Eaux Souterraines en Bosnie Herzegovina Central 1 : a Bulgaria Atlas Narodna Republika Bulgaria. Chidrogeolozka Harta 1 : Bulgaria Hydrogeological map of Bulgaria 1 : Bulgaria Digital groundwater map of Bulgaria 1 : Croatia Digital basic hydrogeological map 1 : Croatia Hydrogeological map of the Republic of Croatia 1 : Cyprus Hydrogeological map of Cyprus 1 : Former Czechoslovakia Mapa odtoku podzemni vodu CSSR 1 : Former Czechoslovakia Hydrogeological map of Czechoslovakia 1 : Former Czechoslovakia Preskúmanost' hydrogeologickych rajónov CSSR 1 : Former Czechoslovakia Hydrogeological map of Czechoslovakia (several sheets) 1 : Estonia Hydrogeological map of Estonia / Eesti Hüdrogeoloogiline Kaart 1 : Estonia\Lithuania\ Hydrogeological map of the quaternary deposits of the Latvia Estonia\Lithuania\ Latvia Soviet Baltic Republics 1 : Hydrogeological map of the pre-quaternary deposits of the Soviet Baltic Republics 1 : France Carte hydrogéologique de la France - Systémes aquifères 1 : Carte de la qualité chimique des eaux souterraines de la France France 1 : France Atlas des eaux souterraines de la France 1 : France Carte de vulnérabilité à la pollution des nappes d'eau souterraine de la France 1 : France Carte et catalogue des principaux systémes aquiferes du territoire francais 1 : France Carte de débit moyen des nappes d'eau souterraine de la France 1 : France Carte des nappes d'eau souterraine de la France 1 : France Carte hydrogéologique de la France (27 sheets) 1 : France Carte hydrogéologique de la France 1 : in press Germany Hydrogeologischer Atlas von Deutschland (HAD) (6 maps) 1 : Grundwasservorkommen von Deutschland maps Germany (Ergiebigkeit, Qualität, Verschmutzungsempfindlichkeit) 1 : Germany Grundwasservorkommen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland maps (Ergiebigkeit, Qualität, Verschmutzungsempfindlichkeit) 1 : Germany Hydrogeologischer Atlas der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1 : Germany (East) Hydrogeologische Übersichtskarte der DDR maps 1 : a

14 COUNTRY TITLE SCALE YEAR Germany Hydrogeologische Übersichtskarte (14 sheets) 1 : Germany (East) Hydrogeologisches Kartenwerk der DDR (190 sheets 4 maps each) 1 : Greece Hydrogeological map of Greece (several sheets) 1 : Greece Hydrogeological map of Greece 1 : Greece Hydrogeological map of Greece 1 : Hungary Groundwater map of the Great Hungarian Plain 1 : Hungary Magydrorszàg Vizfoldtani Atlasza (Atlas hydrogeologique de Hongrie) (71 sheets) 1 : to 1 : Hungary Hydrogeology, (in: National atlas of Hungary) 1 : International hydrogeological map of Europe (IHME 1500) Iceland - Sheet B2 Island 1 : Italy Schema idrogeologico dell'italia centrale sheets 1 : Luxembourg Carte Hydrogéologique du Luxembourg 1 : Macedonia Hydrogeological Map 1 : Provisional map of the (ground) water flow systems in the The Netherlands Netherlands 1 : The Netherlands Hydrological map of the Netherlands 1 : The Netherlands Geohydrological maps of the Netherlands 1 : The Netherlands Grondwaterkaart van Nederland 1 : Poland Mapa hydrogeologiczna Polski 1 : Karte über den Schutz der wichtigsten Poland Grundwasservorkommen von Polen 1 : Poland Hydrogeological map of Poland 1 : Poland Hydrogeological atlas of Poland (7 maps) 1 : Portugal Carta hidrogeológica de Portugal 1 : Portugal Carta hidrogeológica de Portugal 1 : Romania Apele Subterane (Atlasul Republicii Socialiste Romanis) 1 : Carte Hydrogeologique (in: Atlas Géologique de la Romania République Socialiste de Romanie) 1 : Romania The hydrogeological map of Romania 1 : Romania Harta Hidrogeologica - Romania 1 : Slovakia Hydrogeological map of Slovak Republic 1 : Slovenia Hydrogeological map of Slovenia - IAH 1 : Slovenia Hydrogeological map of Slovenia 1 : Scale not Serbia Hydrogeological map of Serbia and Montenegro indicated 1995 Serbia Hidrogeoloska Karta N.R. Srbije 1 : Serbia Hydrogeological map of Serbia 1 : Mapa de Sintesis de Sistemas Acuiferos de España Spain Peninsular, Baleares y Canarias 1 : Spain Mapa hidrogeológico nacional 1 :

15 COUNTRY TITLE SCALE YEAR Spain Mapa hidrogeológico de España y de Unidades Hidrogeológicas 1 : Spain Mapa Unidades Hidrogeológicas de la España Peninsular e Islas Baleares - Síntesis de sus Características 1 : Spain Mapa Hidrogeológico de España 1 : Spain Mapa de vulnerabilidad a la contaminacion de la España Peninsular, Baleares y Canarias 1 : Spain Carte hydrogéologique de reconnaissance de l'espagne des Baléares et des Canaries 1 : Spain Mapa hidrogeológico de España 1 : a Sweden Hydrogeological map of Sweden (several sheets) 1 : Sweden Hydrogeological maps 1 : Sweden Hydrogeological map of Sweden / Grundvattnet I Sverige 1 : Switzerland Carte hydrogéologique de la Suisse 1 : Switzerland Hydrogeologische Karte der Schweiz (several sheets) 1 : Switzerland Hydrogeologie (in: Atlas der Schweiz) 1 : Switzerland Ausdehnung und Mächtigkeit der Lockergesteins- Grundwasservorkommen 1 : Switzerland Grundwasservorkommen (in: Hydrologischer Atlas der Schweiz) 1 : Turkey Hydrogeological map of Turkey (18 sheets) 1 : Turkey Hydrogeological map of Turkey (several sheets) 1 : Turkey Hydrogeological map of Turkey sheets 1 : Former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) Scale not Atlas of Hydrogeological Maps indicated 1970 Former USSR Hydrochemical map of the USSR 1 : Former USSR Map of groundwater flow of the USSR (zone of active exchange between different waters) 1 : Former USSR Hydrogeological map of the USSR 1 : Former USSR Hydrochemical map of the USSR 1 : Former USSR Map of the mineral groundwater of the USSR 1 : Former USSR Map of the groundwater in the European part of the USSR 1 : Former USSR Gidrogeologiceskaja karta Kemerovskoj oblasti u Altajskogo kraja 1 : Former USSR National hydrogeological map of the USSR (several sheets) 1 : United Kingdom Hydrogeological map of England and Wales 1 : United Kingdom Hydrogeological map of Scotland 1 : United Kingdom Hydrogeological map of Northern Ireland 1 : United Kingdom Groundwater resources of the United Kingdom 1 : United Kingdom 1: scale digital hydrogeological data 1 : Former Yugoslavia Hydrogeological map of Yugoslavia 1 : Former Yugoslavia Hidrogeoloska karta Jugoslavije 1 : a Information about publication date not available 15

16 Presentation S1 (following pages): Eftimi et al. (2013) Hydrogeological Mapping in Albania - From the IHME contribution to larger scale national maps 16

17 International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, August, 2013 Berlin Hydrogeological Mapping in Albania From the IHME contribution to larger scale national maps R. Eftimi, I. Tafilaj, G. Bisha & Xh. Sheganaku Mali me Gropa karst plateau Selita spring

18 International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, August, 2013 Berlin The hydrogeological mapping of Albania is not an history of some outstanding scientific achievement. It is, instead, a simple history of some young and devoted specialists who loved their work and put all their enthusiasm in realizing an important goal: The compilation of the Hydrogeological Map of Albania, sc. 1: The experience gained during the compilation of IHM of Europe scale 1: was by all means a very important factor enabling the successful completion of this goal.

19 International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, August, 2013 Berlin 1. Some geographical data M o n t e n e g r o K o s o v a Surface km 2 Population 3.2 million Average elevation 708 m asl The highest peak, Korabi 2751 m asl Average Temperature C Average precipitation 1450 mm/y Hydrographic surface km 2 Average surface flow 1308 m 3 /s Average underground flow 288 m 3 /s 2

20 International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, August, 2013 Berlin 2. Some geological data Albania has a rather complicated geological construction: The northern Albania extends to Dinarides, and the remaining part of the territory extends southwards to Hellenides The territory of Albania is characterized by a variety of geological formations ranging from Ordovician to Quaternary in age; they comprise sedimentary, and magmatic types with rather frequent metamorphic rocks. The inner tectonic zones consist of magmatic and metamorphic rocks with some carbonate structures and molasses intermountain depressions. 3 The outer tectonic zones consist of carbonate structures and wide areas filled with flysch formations; in the lower western part of the country is situated the Adriatic depression filled with thick molasses sediments

21 International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, August, 2013 Berlin 3. Start of hydrogeological investigation in Albania The organized hydrogeological investigations in Albania started in 1958 with the creation of the Hydrogeological Enterprise, the first and the only specialized institution in the field of Hydrogeology in Albania. In 1963, with the proposal of the specialists of the Hydrogeological Enterprise, a general plan for the hydrogeological prospecting of all the territory of Albania started. The were the main goals of the hydrogeological prospecting: Water supply groundwater investigations; Compilation of the Hydrogeological Map of Albania scale 1: Blue Eay Spring, Q mean =18.5m 3 /s 4

22 International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, August, 2013 Berlin 4. Hydrogeological prospecting of Albania The hydrogeological prospecting of Albania lasted 12 years, from 1963 to The activities of the hydrogeological prospecting : a ) prospecting of the low elevation areas by groundwater wells; b) inventory of the springs of the mountain areas; c) collection of hydrogeological data from the mining dewatering; d) water chemical analyses; e) groundwater monitoring. The capacity building of the Hydrogeological Enterprise: 5 a) 12 engineer hydrogeologists and 10 technician hydrogeologists b) 5 old fashion drilling machines (rotary and cable tool); c) a chemical laboratory; d) a mechanical shop;

23 International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, August, 2013 Berlin 5. Main results of the hydrogeological prospecting of Albania Investigated groundwater basins; 13 basins of gravelly aquifers 2500 km2 2 basins of Neogene molasses 4700 km2 Investigation of 25 karst massifs 6500 km2 Drilling of about 1300 groundwater boreholes of depth 30 to 400 m In Albania there are: 110 springs of average discharge > 100 l/s 17 springs of average discharge > 1000 l/s Inventory of about 2500 springs Performance of about 3000 water chemical analyses 6

24 International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, August, 2013 Berlin 6. Photos documenting the hydrogeological prospecting of Albania, The construction of an artesian well free flowing about 100 l/s in Fushe Kuqe alluvial basin; the authorities are satisfied An artesian well with the piezometers, Lezha basin 7 The dug well in the centre of the village 1968 A pumping test and the piezometers 1967 A historical picture near the monitoring wells in Korça s intermountain artesian basin

25 International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, August, 2013 Berlin 7. Start of the hydrogeological mapping The team for the compilation of the hydrogeological Map of Albania scale 1: was established in At the end of 1974, Albania was invited by Prof. Karrenberg to collaborate for the compilation of the the Albanian share (sheet D6 Athina) of IHM of Europe scale 1: At that time of a total self isolation of Albania, this was the first chance to participate in an important international activity and to gain experience on hydrogeological mapping, an important facet for the compilation of hydrogeological map of Albania scale 1: It was decided that the map team was to work contemporary on two maps of 1: and 1: scales. 8

26 International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, August, 2013 Berlin 8. Review of the hydrogeological maps The hydrogeological maps differ in content, representation, scale and format, but the two main types of maps could be differed in: General hydrogeological maps; Special hydrogeological maps. The principia of the compilation of the hydrogeological maps is determined by the main element cartographically depicted on the maps: maps of geological principle; maps of hydrogeological zoning; maps of hydrogeological principle. 9 IHM of Europe sc. 1: is a general hydrogeological map: The colors show the hydrogeological classification of the rocks The basic elements shown on the map are the hydrogeological units: The aquifers are classified based on: Lithology and petrography of rocks permeability productivity

27 International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, August, 2013 Berlin 9. Compilation of the hydrogeological map scale 1: The compilation of Sheet D6-Athina lasted more than 40 years. During this time span, the draft map of Albanian share and the related text were corrected several times to better fit with the neighbouring countries and to be adopted to the new geological maps of the country. 10

28 International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, August, 2013 Berlin 10. Could the principles applied for the compilation of IHM of Europe sc. 1: also serve for the compilation of maps of larger scales? The principles applied by the IHM of Europe scale 1: could also serve for the compilation of larger scale maps. The general larger scale hydrogeological maps keep the same structure as the maps of scale 1: , but are richer in documentation: The classification of the aquifers could be detailed; The number of the Group of Rocks rest the same; The number of the Aquifer Classes could be increased; The number of the Hydrogeological Units could be increased; Data points and ornaments could be enriched, particularly those related to groundwater chemistry. 11 The Hydrogeological Map of Albania scale 1: was decided to be based on principles as IHM of Europe scale 1:

29 International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, August, 2013 Berlin 11. Compilation of the hydrogeological map of Albania scale 1: First Draft of Hydrogeological Map of Albania (hand-painted), 1979 The map team was poorly supplied. The work started with the compilation of a handwriting hydrogeological data base. The first draft (hand-painted) of the hydrogeological map was finished in The second draft (hand-painted), based on the new geological map of Albania sc. 1: , was finished in

30 International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, August, 2013 Berlin 12. Publication of the Hydrogeological Map scale 1: The HM of Albania sc. 1: was published in 1985 (in Albanian and in English) The map clearly identifies the hydrogeological characteristics of Albania, such as: The location of different aquifers and the delineation of the hydrogeological structures like gravelly basins, karst massifs, basins filled with molasses, magmatic rocks massifs with fissure and areas poor in ground water; The location of the important water supply drilling areas and big springs; The groundwater quality for drilling areas and of the springs; thermomineral springs and areas of seawater intrusion. 13 The map can be successfully used not only for planning purposes, but also for the solution of many practical problems of groundwater use.

31 International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, August, 2013 Berlin 13. Comparison of the HM of Albania of different scales 14 The hydrogeological classification of rocks is more detailed on the map sc. 1: : Map scale 1: : Group of rocks 3 3 Aquifer classes 6 7 Hydrogeological unites (may be are to much?) Class of springs 3 6 New signs on the map scale : Part of the stream totally infiltrated in the gravelly aquifers Limit of very intensive karst area The river drains intensively the groundwater The river recharges intensively the groundwater Discharge from mine workings classified in three discharge groups Some hydrochemical data on thermomineral springs and water wells, etc.

32 15 International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, August, 2013 Berlin 14. Compilation of the larger scale special hydrogeological maps Special hydrogeological maps scale 1: or 1: usually are compiled for the solution of practical problems related to the groundwater exploitation of the gravelly aquifers. These maps are focused on the basins, which are depicted in a general manner on the map scale 1: Special maps are very different according to the problems of the investigated basins, but the three types of maps shown below appear to be the more important ones.

33 International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, August, 2013 Berlin The second edition of the Hydrogeological Map of Albania sc. 1: is currently under preparation. Thank You for your attention! 1966

34 References Eftimi R, Bisha G, Tafilaj I, Sheganaku X (2013) Hydrogeological Mapping in Albania - From the IHME contribution to larger scale national maps, Presentation at the International Workshop on Groundwater Systems in Europe, Berlin, August 2013, _07_eftimi.pdf? blob=publicationfile&v=2. Cited 10 June 2015 Robinson A H, Morrison J L, Muehricke P C, Kimerling A J, Guptil S C (1995) Elements of Cartography, John Wiley & Sons, USA, 6 th ed. Struckmeier W, Margat J (eds) (1995) Hydrogeological Maps: A Guide and a Standard Legend, Int. Contibution to Hydrogeol 17, Hannover