Some Bryozoa from Tunisia, Western Mediterranean Sea

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1 Studi Trent. Sci. Nat., 94 (2014): Museo delle Scienze, Trento 2014 ISSN Bryozoan Studies Antonietta Rosso, Patrick N. Wyse Jackson & Joanne Porter (eds) Some Bryozoa from Tunisia, Western Mediterranean Sea Rakia AYARI 1* & Paul D. Taylor 2 1 Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer, rue du 02 mars , Salammbô, Tunis, Tunisie 2 department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK * Corresponding author ayari_rakia@yahoo.fr SUMMARY - Some Bryozoa from Tunisia, Western Mediterranean Sea - The benthic fauna of the Gulf of Tunis was surveyed by dredging from the R/V Hannibal. Bryozoans showed a relatively high diversity, with 41 families and 76 species. New geographical and biological data are provided here for five cheilostome species: Reussirella multispinata (Canu & Bassler, 1923) exhibits clonal reproduction by autofragmentation; Carbasea carbasea (Ellis & Solander, 1786) whose presence in the Mediterranean was previously doubtful; Schizoporella patula Hayward & Ryland, 1995 newly figured from the Mediterranean Sea; and Stylopoma inchoans Tilbrook, 2000 and Buffonellaria antoniettae Berning & Kuklinski, 2008 recorded for the first time beyond their type localities. Riassunto - Alcuni briozoi della Tunisia, Mediterraneo occidentale - La fauna bentonica del Golfo di Tunisi è stata esaminata da dragaggi effettuati con la nave da ricerca Hannibal. I briozoi hanno mostrato una diversità relativamente alta, con 41 famiglie e 76 specie. Nel lavoro sono forniti nuovi dati biogeografici e biologici su cinque specie di cheilostomi: Reussirella multispinata (Canu & Bassler, 1923) mostra una riproduzione clonale per autoframmentazione; Carbasea carbasea (Ellis & Solander, 1786) la cui presenza nel Mediterraneo era precedentemente dubbia; Schizoporella patula Hayward & Ryland, 1995 figurata per la prima volta dal Mediterraneo; Stylopoma inchoans Tilbrook, 2000 e Buffonellaria antoniettae Berning & Kuklinski, 2008 riscontrate per la prima volta al di fuori delle loro località tipo. Key words: Bryozoa, Gulf of Tunis, Western Mediterranean Sea Parole chiave: Bryozoa, Golfo di Tunisi, Mediterraneo Occidentale 1. Introduction The bryozoan fauna of Tunisia is poorly known. According to d Hondt & Mascarell (2004), only 18 studies have been published prior to 1987 (Calvet 1928; Canu & Bassler 1930; Pourbaix 1931; Seurat 1934; Molinier & Picard 1954; Pérès & Picard 1956; Gautier 1962; Azouz 1966, 1973; Lubet & Azouz 1969; Gaillande 1970; Harmelin 1970, 1976; Ktari-Chakroun & Azouz 1971; David & Pouyet 1979; Zaouali 1980; Boudouresque et al., 1986; Fehri-Bedoui 1986). d Hondt & Mascarell (2004) subsequently published a catalogue of species from Tunisia in the collections of the Muséum National d Histoire Naturelle, Paris, which, together with all bryozoan species previously recorded, gave a total of 201 species. During August 2004 the Tunisian research vessel Hannibal conducted a survey of the Gulf of Tunis by dredging to collect samples of sediment, flora and fauna. The faunal samples were deposited at the Laboratory of Biodiversity and Marine Biotechnology in Tunis. After sorting, a part of the bryozoan fauna was published recently by Ayari et al. (2012a, b). The other part, consisting of some species that provide new data for the Mediterranean fauna, is treated in the current paper. 2. Material and methods The first author sorted cheilostome bryozoan samples collected during the RV Hannibal survey. Colonies were prepared for SEM by drying and bleaching (except for Carbasea carbasea) and studied using a LEO 1455VP in the Natural History Museum, London, and with an EDAX XL 30 in the Department of Physics in the University of Science of Sfax, Tunisia. Specimens are deposited in the Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer, Tunis, Tunisia (INSTM). Measured characters are identified by the following abbreviations: Lz: autozooid length; lz: autozooid width; Lo: length of orifice; lo: width of orifice; Lov: ovicell length; lov: ovicell width; Ls: sinus length. The classification adopted here is that of Gordon (2012). 3. SYSTEMATICS Order Cheilostomata Busk, 1852 Suborder Neocheilostomina d Hondt, 1985 Infraorder Flustrina Smitt, 1868 Superfamily Calloporoidea Norman, 1903 Family Cupuladriidae Lagaaij, 1952 Reussirella multispinata (Canu & Bassler, 1923) Figure Cupuladria multispinata (Cook & Bassler, 1923) - Canu, p. 210, pl. 2, figs. 2A-B.

2 12 Ayari & Taylor On some Tunisian Bryozoa Fig. 1 - Reussirella multispinata (Canu & Bassler, 1923), Gulf of Tunis. A.-C. INSTM A. frontal and B. basal views of a radially symmetrical colony. Scale bar: 1 mm; C. Early astogenetic area. Scale bar: 200 μm. D. F. INSTM , Gulf of Tunis, unbleached colony. D. Frontal view. Scale bar: 1 mm. E. Details of a peripheral portion consist of some zooids with frontal membrane and showing long vibracula. Scale bar: 100 μm. F. Basal view showing lines of fragmentation. Scale bar: 1 mm. G. INSTM , colony with deep notches indicative of autofragmentation. Scale bar: 100 μm. H. INSTM , colony regenerating. Scale bar: 500 μm. Fig. 1 - Reussirella multispinata (Canu & Bassler, 1923), Golfo di Tunisi. A. C. INSTM A. Lato frontale e B. basale di una colonia a simmetria radiale. Scala: 1 mm. C. Area centrale dell astogenesi iniziale. Scala: 200 μm. D. F. INSTM , Golfo di Tunisi, colonia vivente non trattata con candeggina. D. Lato frontale. Scala: 1 mm. E. Dettaglio della porzione periferica con gli zooidi ricoperti dalle membrane frontali e con lunghe setae vibracolari. Scala: 100 μm. F. Lato basale mostrante le linee predisposte per l autoframmentazione. Scala: 1 mm. G. INSTM , parte di una colonia con profonde indentazioni indicative del processo di autoframmentazione. Scala: 100 μm. H. INSTM , frammento di colonia rigenerata. Scale: 500 μm Cupuladria multispinata (Canu & Bassler, 1923) Zabala & Maluquer, p. 89, figs Material. Gulf of Tunis, INSTM, Ayari Collection, E, N, 67 m depth, sandy bottom: , one asexual colony alive when collected (a); , one sexual colony dead when collected (b); , one fragment of dead sexual colony undergoing autofragmentation (c); , one regenerated fragment (d).

3 Studi Trent. Sci. Nat., 94 (2014): Carbasea carbasea (Ellis & Solander, 1786) - Zabala & Maluquer, p. 79, figs Carbasea carbasea (Ellis & Solander, 1786) - Ryland & Hayward, p.144, fig. 33A-B Material. INSTM , Gulf of Tunis, Ayari Collection, E, N, 64 m depth, on the coralline alga Lithothamnion corallioides P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan, Description. Small colony fragment, erect and unilaminar, one side broken during collection (Fig. 2), the other side bordered by narrow kenozooids that are x the length of the autozooids. Autozooids large, reaching 1.2 mm in length by 0.4 mm in width, lozenge-shaped. About twenty tentacles visible using optical microscopy. Avicularia lacking. Rhizoids arising from the proximal third of zooids near the colony base. Fig. 2 - Carbasea carbasea (Ellis & Solander, 1786). INSTM , Gulf of Tunis. Scale bar: 500 μm. Fig. 2 - Carbasea carbasea (Ellis & Solander, 1786). INSTM , Golfo di Tunisi. Scala: 500 μm. Remarks. Canu & Bassler (1923) first described this species as Cupuladria multispinata from the Gulf of Oran (Algeria). It was reported subsequently from the Moroccan and Portuguese coasts and Madeira, and reassigned by Baluk & Radwanski (1984) to their new genus Reussirella. Reussirella multispinata, recorded here for the first time from Tunisia where it occurs on a sandy bottom, represents the first example of colony autofragmentation (see O Dea et al. 2008) in a free-living cupuladriid bryozoan from the Mediterranean. This asexual means of propagation was known previously in Discoporella depressa (Conrad, 1841) from Brazil (Marcus & Marcus 1962) and Cupuladria exfragminis Herrera-Cubilla et al., 2006 from the Gulf of Panama (O Dea 2006). Colony (a) is a radially symmetrical colony (Fig. 1A) originating from larval settlement on a shell fragment that is visible on the underside of the colony (Fig. 1B). In contrast, colony (b) collected alive (Fig. 1D) and having autozooids 454 ± 45 µm long by 315 ± 30 µm, and avicularia with setiform vibracula (Fig. 1E), is a clonal asymmetrical colony produced by regeneration after fragmentation (Fig. 1F). Colony (c) has deep notches at the colony margin indicative of incipient autofragmentation (Fig. 1G), while colony (d) is a fragment, presumably produced by autofragmentation, that is regaining a circular outline through regenerative growth (Fig. 1H). Superfamily Flustroidea Fleming, 1828 Family Flustridae Fleming, 1828 Carbasea carbasea (Ellis & Solander, 1786) Figure Carbasea carbasea (Ellis & Solander, 1786) - Prenant & Bobin, p. 177, fig Carbasea carbasea (Ellis & Solander, 1786) - Ryland & Hayward, p. 79, fig. 28 Remarks. According to Zabala & Maluquer (1988), Carbasea carbasea is a boreal and arctic species and records of its presence in the Mediterranean are probably erroneous and due to confusion with the Mediterranean species Chartella papyracea (Pallas, 1766). However, one small fragment of C. carbasea was found in the Gulf of Tunis, differing from Chartella papyracea in several key features: unilaminar branches, narrow lateral kenozooids, and autozooids twice as long as those of C. papyracea. Infraorder Ascophorina Levinsen, 1909 Superfamily Schizoporelloidea Jullien, 1883 Family Schizoporellidae Jullien, 1883 Schizoporella patula Hayward & Ryland, 1995 Figure Schizoporella dunkeri Reuss Hayward & Ryland, p. 172, fig Schizoporella patula Hayward & Ryland, p. 42, pl Schizoporella patula Hayward & Ryland, Hayward & Ryland, p. 218, fig. 90 C-D Schizoporella patula Hayward & Ryland, Reverter Gil & Fernández-Pupeiro, p.41, fig. 3D Schizoporella patula Hayward & Ryland, Tompsett, p. 2231, fig. 1A-D. Material. INSTM , Gulf of Tunis, Ayari Collection, E, N, 64 m depth, encrusting a fragment of bivalve shell. Description. A small white colony, encrusting, unilaminar. Autozooids wide, polygonal, flat to slightly convex. Primary orifice a little longer than wide; D-shaped with a deep V-shaped sinus equivalent to one-quarter of total orifice length; small rounded condyles. Frontal shield with a low umbo, granular and perforated by numerous small, depressed pores with raised rims. Adventitious avicularia lateral to orifice rarely single, usually paired; directed distolaterally to almost distally; a third avicularium may be present that is a little larger than the others and usually located more proximally; rostrum triangular with a complete crossbar lacking a columella, on an inclined, swollen cystid. Ovicell

4 14 Ayari & Taylor On some Tunisian Bryozoa hyperstomial, as wide as long, incomplete on our specimen; occupying most of the surface of the distal autozooid reaching its median umbo. Ancestrula, with eight to nine spines surrounding an aperture 80 µm long by 95 µm wide, and early astogenetic stages are figured here for the first time. Remarks. The distinctive V-shaped sinus, broad autozooids reaching up to 0.6 mm long by 0.5 mm wide, and typically paired, disto- to distolaterally directed adventitious avicularia on either side of the orifice allow the Tunisian specimen to be identified as Schizoporella patula Hayward & Ryland, This is the first figured record of S. patula from the Mediterranean Sea, although Rosso et al. (2010) in their checklist of Italian bryozoans noted the presence of the species among material previously identified as S. dunkeri. Earlier records of S. patula are boreal, having been recorded from the type locality of The Minch in western Scotland as well as the Shetlands and Norway. The discovery of this rather distinctive species so distant from its type region is surprising and may imply one of the following: (1) that S. patula has a broader natural geographical range than previously appreciated; (2) the Tunisian and Italian occurrences are due to anthropogenic dispersal (other species of Schizoporella are known to be fouling species that have been transported by human activities; Tompsett et al. 2009); or (3) the Mediterranean material represents a different genetic species that is morphologically indistinguishable from S. patula. With respect to the last option, an un-named species from the Pliocene Coralline Crag of Suffolk, England (Tompsett et al. 2009, fig. 1A-D), which is a warm water deposit, also resembles S. patula, especially in the shape of the orifice, suggesting the existence of other, S. patulalike species in warmer waters. Stylopoma inchoans Tilbrook, 2000 Figure Stylopoma inchoans Tilbrook, p. 949, fig. 1. Material. Gulf of Tunis, Ayari Collection. INSTM , E, N, 64 m depth, colony encrusting coralline algae. INSTM , E, N, 38 m depth, colony encrusting a shell of the gastropod Apporhais pespelecani (Linnaeus, 1758). INSTM , E, N, 67 m depth, colony on a small rock. Description. Colony encrusting, unilaminar or multilaminar. Autozooids polygonal, rounded or globular oriented in all directions, L z ~ 0.58 mm ; l z ~ 0,48 mm. Frontal shield granular and densely porous; pseudopores sunken, marginal areolar pores wider than pseudopores. Primary orifice D- shaped, L o ~ 0.10 mm; l o ~ 0.13 mm, proximal border with a drop-shaped sinus, L s ~ 0.04 mm and ribbed condyles. Adventitious avicularia are mostly single, rarely paired; complete crossbar with columella on the inner edge only; tip open. Vicarious avicularia larger but similar in morphology to adventitious avicularia. Ovicells hyperstomial, prominent, more or less spherical, most incompletely formed, one L Ov ~ 0.2 mm; l Ov ~ 0.23 mm), perforated with numerous small pores regularly distributed over the surface. Fig. 3 - Schizoporella patula Hayward & Ryland, INSTM , Gulf of Tunis, Ayari Coll. A. Group of zooids with avicularia and incomplete ovicells. Scale bar: 200 μm. B. Autozooidal orifice flanked by two adventitious avicularia. Scale bar: 100 μm. C. Ancestrula (centre) and early astogeny. Scale bar: 200 μm. Fig. 3 - Schizoporella patula Hayward & Ryland, INSTM , Golfo di Tunisi, Collezione Ayari. A. Gruppo di zooidi con aviculari e ovicelle. Scala: 200 μm. B. Orificio di un autozooide con due aviculari avventizi situati lateramente. Scala: 100 μm. C. Ancestrula (al centro) e prima astogenesi. Scala: 200 μm. Remarks. Tilbrook (2000) reported Stylopoma for the first time from the Mediterranean when describing the new species Stylopoma inchoans from an unknown locality. Material from Malta identified as this species was subsequently used in a study of bryozoan skeletal mineralogy (Taylor et

5 Studi Trent. Sci. Nat., 94 (2014): Description. Colony bifoliate, branches varying from 2 to 4.5 mm in width. Autozooids elongate, quadrangular, frontal shield smooth perforated on its marginally by rounded to slit-shaped areolar pores. Proximal border of primary orifice occupied by a large rounded V-shaped sinus and small condyles; anter about two-thirds of a full circle, a small pore usually present on its distal edge. Adventitious avicularia situated laterally of most orifices, usually single, sometimes lacking, especially along the branch margins; long, about the same length as an orifice, directed proximolaterally avicularium, crossbar without a columella, rostrum elongate triangular, raised distally. Larger avicularia distributed sporadically on frontal shields in older parts of colonies, crossbar with a median columella. Ovicell with flattened, ribbed entooecium. Remarks. This species was first described off southeast Sicily in water of 118 m deep (Berning & Kuklinski 2008). Thus the new record increases its known geographical distribution as well as its bathymetrical range which is now m. 4. DISCUSSION Fig. 4 - Stylopoma inchoans Tilbrook, INSTM , Gulf of Tunis. A. Primary orifice and adventitious avicularium. Scale bar: A: 100 μm. B. Ovicells, one broken (lower left) and vicarious avicularium. Scale bar: 200 μm. Fig. 4 - Stylopoma inchoans Tilbrook, INSTM , Golfo di Tunisi. A. Orificio primario e aviculario avventizio. Scala: 500 μm. B. Ovicelle, di cui una rotta (in basso a sinistra) e un aviculario vicario. Scala: 200 μm. al. 2008). The same species is here recorded for the first time in Tunisian waters in samples collected during August The Tunisian material allows description of ovicells for the first time. These resemble the ovicells of the closely related genus Schizoporella. In the absence of the diagnostic ancestrula, which comprises a complex of several zooids in Stylopoma but is single in Schizoporella, the true generic identity of S. inchoans must remain in some doubt. Superfamily Celleporoidea Johnston, 1838 Family Celleporidae Johnston, 1838 Buffonellaria antoniettae Berning & Kuklinski, 2008 Figure Berning & Kuklinski, p. 555, figs. 2B, 11A-F. Material. Gulf of Tunis, Ayari Collection, branch fragments broken from their substrates. INSTM , E, N, 38 m depth. INSTM , E, N, 64 m depth. Several little-known bryozoans are here described for the first time from Tunisia, adding to our knowledge of their biogeography. New data includes: (1) the recognition of clonal propagation by autofragmentation in Reussirella multispinata; (2) confirmation of the presence in the Mediterranean Sea of Carbasea carbasea; (3) the first figured record of Schizoporella patula from the Mediterranean; (4) the discovery of ovicells in Stylopoma inchoans and the first record of this species in Tunisian waters; and (5) the first record of Buffonellaria antoniettae beyond its type locality of southeast Sicily. The valuable updating of the bryozoan fauna of Tunisia by d Hondt & Mascarell (2004) listed 201 species, giving information about their distribution in Tunisia. The August 2004 marine survey conducted by the RV Hannibal resulted in the first discovery of the five species treated in the current paper, plus 17 additional species comprising five cyclostomes, one ctenostome (Ayari et al. 2012a), six other cheilostomes (Ayari et al. 2012b) and the recently described cheilostome Trematooecia ligulata Ayari & Taylor, The 223 bryozoan species now known from Tunisia are listed in the Appendix after a systematic revision of the cheilostomatous bryozoa previously cited by d Hondt & Mascarell (2004) following the classification of Gordon (2012). The bryozoan fauna of Tunisia, as for many other regions of the world, has been neglected because of taxonomic difficulties. Therefore, the 223 species listed here almost certainly underestimates the true diversity; for example, it contains only one species of freshwater bryozoans. Based on what is known of the bryozoan fauna of the Mediterranean Sea and the diversity of substrata in Tunisian waters that are suitable for Bryozoans (soft bottoms, coralligenous habitats, Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile, 1813 meadows, maerl beds etc.), the number of bryozoan species in Tunisia is probably far greater. Further sampling from other regions and different habitats, coupled with the use

6 16 Ayari & Taylor On some Tunisian Bryozoa Fig. 5 - Buffonellaria antoniettae Berning & Kuklinski, 2008, Gulf of Tunis. A. C. INSTM A. bilaminar branch. Scale bar: 1 mm. B. autozooids with and without oral avicularia, and vicarious avicularium (lower centre). Scale bar: 500 μm. C. Primary orifice and adventitious avicularium. Scale bar: 100 μm. D. INSTM Old branch with frontal shields heavily calcified showing an ovicell (centre) and deeply immersed orifices and oral avicularia. Scale bar: 200 μm. Fig. 5 - Buffonellaria antoniettae Berning & Kuklinski, 2008, Golfo di Tunisi. A. C. INSTM A. Parte di ramo bilaminare. Scala: 1 mm. B. Autozooidi con e sensa aviculari orali. Al centro in basso è visibile un aviculario vicario. Scala: 500 μm. C. Orificio primario e aviculario avventizio. Scala: 500 μm. D. INSTM Zooidi di un ramo anziano con scudi frontali fortemente calcificati con un ovicella (al centro), e orifici e aviculari orali profondamente immersi. Scala: 200 μm. of SEM to facilitate identifications, are necessary to reveal the true diversity of bryozoans in the Tunisian part of the Mediterranean Sea. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The first author is grateful to the IBA Scholarship Committee for awarding a grant to attend the 16th IBA Meeting in Catania (2013), and to other IBA members who helped her to acquire study skills in bryozoans. REFERENCES Ayari Kliti R., Afli A. & Aissa P., 2012a - Diversité taxonomique des Bryozoaires ctenostomes et cyclostomes au large du golfe de Tunis. Bull. Inst. Nat. Scient. Tech. Salammbô, 39: Ayari Kliti R., Afli A. & Aissa P., 2012b - Diversite taxonomique des Bryozoaires cheilostomes au large du golfe de Tunis. Bull. Inst. Nat. Scient. Tech. Salammbô, 39: Ayari R., Taylor P.D., Afli A. & Aissa P A new species of the cheilostome bryozoan Trematooecia Osburn, 1940 from the Mediterranean Sea. Cah. Biol. Mar., 49: Azouz A., Étude des peuplements et des possibilités d ostréiculture du lac de Bizerte. Annls. Inst. Natn. Scient. Tech.

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8 18 Ayari & Taylor On some Tunisian Bryozoa Appendix 1 - List of marine and freshwater bryozoan species recorded from Tunisia. Species marked by + were not reported in the inventory of d Hondt & Mascarell (2004). Some species are followed by the qualifier incertae sedis as they were reported in this way by d Hondt & Mascarell (2004). Therenia rosei and Buffonellaria antoniettae (marked with an asterisk) actually derive from the recent splitting of previous complexes of species. Schizoporella longirostris Hincks, 1877 could actually represent either S. dunkeri (Reuss, 1848) or S. cornualis Hayward & Ryland, Cheilostomata are ordered following Gordon (2012). Appendice 1 - Lista delle specie di briozoi marini e d acqua dolce riportate dalla Tunisia. Le specie contrassegnate con + non compaiono nell elenco di d Hondt & Mascarell (2004). Alcune specie sono seguite dalla locuzione incertae sedis in quanto così riportate in d Hondt & Mascarell (2004). Therenia rosei e Buffonellaria antoniettae, contrassegnate con un asterisco, risultano da recenti smembramenti di complessi di specie, Schizoporella longirostris potrebbe effettivamente rappresentare sia S. dunkeri (Reuss, 1848) sia S. cornualis Hayward e Ryland, I Cheilostomata sono ordinati seguendo Gordon (2012). Class Stenolaemata Borg, 1926 Order Cyclostomata Busk, 1852 Family Annectocymidae Hayward & Ryland, 1985 Annectocyma indistincta (Canu & Bassler, 1929) Annectocyma major (Johnston, 1847) + Annectocyma tubulosa (Busk, 1875) Entalophoroecia deflexa (Couch, 1842) Entalophoroecia gracilis Harmelin, 1976 Entalophoroecia sp. Family Diastoporidae Gregory, 1899 Diplosolen obelia (Johnston, 1838) + Eurystrotos compacta (Norman, 1866) Plagioecia inoedificata (Jullien, 1882) Plagioecia sp. cf. sarniensis (Norman, 1864) Family Frondiporidae Busk, Frondipora verrucosa (Lamouroux, 1821) Family Crisiidae Johnston, Crisia denticulata (Lamarck, 1816) Crisia fistulosa Heller, 1867 Filicrisia geniculata (Milne-Edwards, 1838) Family Tubuliporidae Johnston, 1838 Idmidronea triforis (Heller, 1867) Tubulipora plumosa Harmer, 1898 (incertae sedis) Platonea staechas Harmelin, Tubulipora liliacea (Pallas, 1766) Tubulipora sp. cf. aperta Harmer, 1898 Family Mecynoeciidae Canu, 1918 Mecynoecia delicatula (Busk, 1875) Family Terviidae Canu & Bassler, 1920 Tervia irregularis (Meneghini, 1844) Family Horneridae Smitt, 1867 Hornera frondiculata Lamouroux, 1821 Family Lichenoporidae Smitt, 1867 Disporella hispida (Fleming, 1828) Disporella sp. Patinella aztiensis (Alvarez; 1994) Patinella flosculus (Hincks, 1862) Class Gymnolaemata Allman, 1856 Order Ctenostomata Busk, Family Pherusellidae Soule, Pherusella tubulosa (Ellis & Solander, 1786) Family Vesiculariidae Hincks, 1860 Bowerbankia gracilis (Leidy, 1855) Amathia distans Busk, 1886 Amathia lendigera (Linnaeus, 1758) Amathia semiconvoluta Lamouroux, 1824 Zoobotryon verticillatum Delle Chiaje, 1822 Family Buskiidae Hincks, 1880 Buskia socialis Hincks, 1887 Family Mimosellidae Hincks, 1880 Mimosella gracilis (Hincks, 1851) Order Cheilostomata Busk, 1852 Family Electridae d Orbigny, 1851 Conopeum seurati (Canu, 1928) Electra pilosa (Linnaeus, 1767) Electra posidoniae Gautier, Electra verticillata (Ellis & Solander, 1786) Family Aeteidae Smitt, 1867 Aetea anguina (Linnaeus, 1758) Aetea sica (Couch, 1844) Aetea truncata (Landsborough, 1852) Family Scrupariidae Gray, 1848 Scruparia ambigua (d Orbigny, 1841) Family Calloporidae Norman, 1903 Aplousina sp. (?A. filum Jullien, 1903) Callopora dumerilii (Audouin, 1826) Callopora dumerilii f. pouilleti (Alder, 1857) Callopora lineatea (Linnaeus, 1767) Copidozoum planum (Hincks, 1880) Copidozoum tenuirostre (Hincks, 1880) Crassimarginatella crassimarginata (Hincks, 1860) Crassimarginatella maderensis (Waters 1898) Hemiseptella africana Canu & Bassler 1930 (incertae sedis) Parellisina albida Dick et al., 2006 Ramphonotus minax (Busk, 1860) Family Heliodomidae Vigneaux, 1949 Setosellina roulei Calvet, 1906 Family Cupuladriidae Lagaaij, Reussirella multispinata (Canu & Bassler, 1923) Family Flustridae Fleming, Carbasea carbasea (Ellis & Solander, 1786) Chartella papyracea (Ellis & Solander, 1786) Chartella papyrea (Pallas, 1766) Hincksina flustroides (Hincks, 1880) Hincksina flustroides var. crassispinata Calvet in Gautier, 1962 Hincksinoflustra octodon (Busk, 1852) Gregarinidra gregaria (Heller, 1867) Securiflustra securifrons (Pallas, 1766) Terminoflustra sp. Family Bugulidae Gray, 1848 Bugula avicularia (Linnaeus, 1758) Bugula calathus (Norman, 1868) var. minor Ryland, 1962 Bugula neritina (Linnaeus, 1758)

9 Studi Trent. Sci. Nat., 94 (2014): Bugula simplex (Hincks, 1886) Bugula stolonifera Ryland, 1960 Bugula turbinata Alder, 1857 Family Beaniidae Canu & Bassler, Beania hirtissima (Heller, 1867) Beania hirtissima (Heller, 1867) var. cylindrica (Hincks, 1886) Beania magellanica (Busk, 1852) Beania mirabilis Johnston, 1840 Beania robusta (Hincks, 1881) Family Epistomidae Gregory, 1903 Symnotum aegyptiacum (Audouin, 1826) Family Candidae d Orbigny, 1851 Caberea boryi (Audouin, 1826) Cradoscrupocellaria bertholletii (Audouin, 1826) Scrupocellaria delilii (Audouin, 1826) Scrupocellaria incurvata Waters, 1896 Scrupocellaria macrorhyncha Gautier, 1962 Scrupocellaria reptans (Linnaeus, 1767) Scrupocellaria scrupea Busk, 1852 Scrupocellaria scruposa (Linnaeus, 1758) Family Microporidae Gray, 1848 Calpensia nobilis Esper, 1796 Coronellina fagei (Gautier, 1962) Micropora coriacea (Johnston, 1847) Mollia circumcincta (Hincks, 1867) Mollia patellaria (Moll, 1803) Rosseliana rosselii (Audouin, 1826) Steraechmella buskii Lagaaij, 1952 Family Setosellidae Levinsen, 1909 Setosella vulnerata (Busk, 1860) Family Onychocellidae Jullien, 1881 Onychocella marioni Jullien, 1881 Onychocella vibraculifera Neviani, 1895 Rectonychocella disjuncta Canu & Bassler, 1930 Family Chlidoniidae Busk, 1884 Chlidonia pyriformis (Bertolini, 1810) Family Cellariidae Fleming, 1828 Cellaria fistulosa (Linnaeus, 1758) Cellaria salicornioides Lamouroux, 1816 Family Cribrilinidae Hincks, 1879 Collarina balzaci (Audouin, 1826) Puellina (Cribrilaria) innominata (Couch, 1844) Puellina (Glabrilaria) pedunculata Gautier, 1956 Puellina (Cribrilaria) radiata (Moll, 1803) Figularia figularis (Johnston, 1847) Membraniporella nitida (Johnston, 1838) Puellina (Puellina) setosa (Waters, 1899) Puellina flabellifera Harmelin, 1970 Puellina (Puellina) gattyae (Landsborough, 1852) Puellina (Cribrilaria) hincksi (Friedl, 1917) Puellina pedunculata, sensu Harmelin, 1970 Puellina (Cribrilaria) venusta Canu & Bassler, 1925 Family Hippothoidae Busk, 1859 Haplopoma bimucronatum (Moll, 1803) Haplopoma impressum (Audouin, 1826) Hippothoa flagellum (Manzoni, 1870) Family Chorizoporidae Vigneaux, 1949 Chorizopora brongniartii (Audouin, 1826) Family Trypostegidae Gordon, Tilbrook & Winston in Winston, 2005?Trypostega claviculata (Hincks, 1884) Family Adeonidae Busk, 1884 Reptadeonella violacea Johnston, 1847 Family Adeonellidae Gregory, 1893 Adeonella calveti (Canu & Bassler, 1930) Adeonellopsis distoma (Busk, 1858) Family Bryocryptellidae Vigneaux, 1949 Bryocryptella tubulata (Busk, 1861) Porella colleti (Jullien, 1903) Porella concinna (Busk, 1854) Porella minuta (Norman, 1868) Family Romancheinidae Jullien, 1888 Escharella octodentata (Hincks, 1880) Escharella ventricosa (Hassall, 1842) Escharoides coccinea (Abildgaard, 1806) Escharoides megarostris (Canu & Basseler, 1928) + Hemicyclopora collarina Canu & Lecointre, 1930 Hippopleurifera pulchra (Manzoni, 1870) Family Umbonulidae Canu, 1904 Umbonula ovicellata Hastings, 1944 Family Smittinidae Levinsen, 1909 Parasmittina parsevalii (Audouin, 1826) Parasmittina raigii (Audouin, 1826) Parasmittina trispinosa (Johnston, 1938) Parasmittina tropica (Waters, 1909) Prenantia cheilostoma (Manzoni, 1870) Prenantia ligulata (Manzoni, 1870) Smittina cervicornis (Pallas, 1766) Smittina landsborovii (Johnston, 1938) Smittina ophidiana (Waters, 1879) Smittoidea reticulata (MacGillivray, 1842) Family Bitectiporidae MacGillivray, 1895 Metroperiella lepralioides (Calvet, 1903) Hippoporina simplex (Canu & Bassler, 1930) Pentapora fascialis (Pallas, 1766) Pentapora ottomuelleriana (Moll, 1803) Schizomavella arrogata (Waters, 1879) Schizomavella cuspidata (Hinks, 1880) Schizomavella discoidea (Busk, 1859) Schizomavella elliptica (Canu & Bassler, 1930) Schizomavella hastata (Hincks, 1862) Schizomavella linearis (Hassall, 1841) Schizomavella mamillata (Hincks, 1880) Schizomavella monoecensis Calvet, 1927 Schizomavella ochracea (Hincks, 1862) Schizomavella rudis (Manzoni, 1869) Schizomavella sarniensis Hayward & Thorpe, 1995 Schizomavella triangularis Reverter-Gil & Fernandez-Pupeiro, 1997 Family Watersiporidae Vigneaux, 1949 Watersipora complanata (Norman, 1864) Watersipora subovoidea (d Orbigny, 1852) Family Schizoporellidae Jullien, 1883 Schizobrachiella sanguinea (Norman, 1868) Schizoporella longirostris Hincks 1877

10 20 Ayari & Taylor On some Tunisian Bryozoa Schizoporella errata (Waters, 1878) Schizoporella magnifica (Hincks, 1886) Schizoporella mutabilis (Calvet, 1927) + Schizoporella patula Hayward & Ryland, 1995 Schizoporella unicornis (Johnston in Wood, 1844) + Stylopoma inchoans Tilbrook, 2000 Family Stomachetosellidae Canu & Bassler, Trematooecia ligulata Ayari & Taylor, 2008 Family Margarettidae Harmer, 1957 Margaretta ceroides (Ellis & Sollander, 1786) Family Myriaporidae Gray, 1841 Myriapora truncata (Pallas, 1755) Family Hippaliosinidae Winston, 2005 Hippaliosina depressa (Busk, 1854) Family Cheiloporinidae Bassler, 1936 Cheiloporina circumcincta (Neviani, 1896) Hagiosynodos kirchenpaueri (Heller, 1867) Hagiosynodos kirchenpaueri var. tregoubovii Gautier, 1952 Hagiosynodos latus (Busk, 1856) Hagiosynodos strophiae (Canu & Bassler, 1930) Family Cryptosulidae Vigneaux, 1949 Cryptosula pallasiana (Moll, 1803) Family Microporellidae Hincks, 1880 Calloporina decorata (Canu & Bassler, 1930) Diporula verrucosa (Peach, 1868) Fenestrulina johannae (Calvet, 1902) Fenestrulina malusii (Audouin, 1826) Microporella ciliata (Pallas, 1766) Microporella marsupiata (Busk, 1860) Family Lacernidae Jullien, 1888 Arthropoma cecilii (Audouin, 1826) Cribellopora trichotoma (Waters, 1918) Family Escharinidae Tilbrook, 2006 Escharina dutertrei (Audouin, 1826) Escharina vulgaris (Moll, 1803) Herentia hyndmanni (Johnston, 1847) *Therenia rosei Berning, Tilbrook & Rosso, 2008 Family Cleidochasmatidae Cheetham & Sandberg, 1964 Hippoporina simplex (Canu & Bassler, 1930) Family Celleporidae Johnston, 1818 * + Buffonellaria antoniettae Berning & Kuklinski, 2008 Buskea dichotoma (Hincks, 1862) Cellepora pumicosa Hincks, 1880 Celleporina caminata (Waters, 1879) Celleporina hassalii (Johnston, 1847) Celleporina lucida (Hincks, 1880) Celleporina truncatorostris (Canu & Bassler, 1930) Lagenipora lepralioides (Norman, 1868) Omalosecosa ramulosa (Linnaeus, 1758) + Palmicellaria elegans Alder, 1864 Turbicellepora avicularis (Hincks, 1860) + Turbicellepora coronopusoida (Calvet, 1931) Turbicellepora magnicostata (Barroso, 1921) Turbicellepora robusta (Barroso, 1921) Family Phidoloporidae Gabb & Horn, 1862 Dentiporella sardonica (Waters, 1879) Hippellozoon mediterraneum (Waters, 1894) + Reteporella aporosa (Waters, 1894) Reteporella complanata (Waters, 1894) Reteporella couchii (Hincks, 1878) Reteporella couchii var. biaviculata Waters, 1894 Reteporella grimaldii (Jullien, 1903) Reteporella harmeri Hass, 1948 Reteporella mediterranea (Waters, 1894) + Reteporella sudbournensis (Gautier, 1962) Rhynchozoon nepolitanum (Gautier, 1962) Schizoretepora granulosa (Canu & Bassler, 1930) Schizoretepora imperati (Busk, 1884) Schizoretepora longisetae (Canu & Bassler, 1928) Schizoretepora solanderia (Risso, 1826) Schizotheca fissa (Busk, 1856) Stephanollona armata (Hincks, 1861) Class Phylactolaemata Family Plumatellidae Allman, 1856 Plumatella emarginata Allman, 1844