GEO-SPATIAL DATA FOUNDATION FOR DAM SITES

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1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 6, Issue 7, Jul 2015, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_06_07_008 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication GEO-SPATIAL DATA FOUNDATION FOR DAM SITES Mr. S. S. Manugula Research scholar Department of Civil Engineering, JNU, Rajasthan, India Dr. B. Veeranna Director, Prof, Department of Civil Engineering, GNITC, Hyderabad, India Dr. Saroj Patel Assoc Prof, Department of Mathematics, JNU, Rajasthan, India ABSTRACT Remote Sensing and GIS provide a solid geospatial data foundation, which is suitable for addressing questions on choosing the best sites of dams. To accomplish this, there is a need to understand geospatial processes of gathering, organizing and analyzing data using Remote Sensing (RS) and GIS. On the other hand, theoretical and practical backgrounds are needed to understand linkages, relationships and thresholds that allow faster identification of the study area. DEMs are essential for topographic characterization by representing land surface, hydrological boundaries and terrain attributes, such as slope and aspect. In this work it has been studied for the generation of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and the resulted DEM is used to generate the Orthoimage and to demark the land use/ land cover features and also for drainage pattern for the catchment area of hydro project. Key words: GIS, Remote Sensing; DEM and Orthoimage. Cite this Article: Mr. Manugula, S. S. Dr. Veeranna, B. and Dr. Patel, S. Geo- Spatial Data Foundation For Dam Sites. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 6(7), 2015, pp INTRODUCTION Information, such as Digital Elevation Model (DEM), land use and drainage pattern for the catchment area plays an important role in dam site selection, which can be gathered from remotely sensed images. In particular, slopes analysis the data extracted from DEM are useful for many hydrological studies and can be employed 61 editor@iaeme.com

2 Mr. S. S. Manugula, Dr. B. Veeranna and Dr. Saroj Patel for dam location selection. Furthermore, a limited effort has been devoted in recent years to determine the capability of these techniques in assisting engineering dam design by allowing efficient, quick and economic data collection [1, 2]. However, the application of remote sensing in ephemeral streams is limited compared with permanent rivers [3]. Figure 1 Details of Study Area 2. STUDY AREA AND DATA USED The extent of study area lies between longitude 92 44' to 92 50' E and latitude 25 36' to 25 43' N. of Assam. The present study area covers both plain and hilly terrain. The metadata and details of study area is shown in the Figure 1. The data used is GeoEye GeoEye-1: GeoEye-1, which set the standard for sub-half meter high resolution commercial satellite imagery. GeoEye-1, the highest resolution and most advanced commercial imaging satellite in the world, offers unprecedented spatial resolution. It creates this accuracy by simultaneously acquiring 0.41-meter panchromatic and 1.65-meter multispectral imagery [5]. The satellite can collect up to 700,000 square kilometers of panchromatic imagery per day (and up to 350,000 square kilometers of pan-sharpened multispectral imagery). Input data: Control points GCP, toposheets, Geo Eye Data editor@iaeme.com

3 Geo-Spatial Data Foundation For Dam Sites 3. METHODOLOGY FOR ORTHOIMAGE GENERATION The ortho rectification (ortho resampling) process removes the geometric distortion inherent in imagery caused by camera/sensor orientation, topographic relief displacement, and systematic errors associated with imagery. Orthorectified images are planimetrically true images that represent ground objects in their true, real-world X and Y positions. For these reasons, orthorectified imagery has become accepted as the ideal reference image Backdrop necessary for the creation and maintenance of vector data contained within a GIS. By defining a DEM or constant elevation value (ideal for use in areas containing minimal relief variation), the effects of topographic relief displacement can be considered [7, 8] Ortho Resampling The final step in the Orthobase workflow is orthorectification. By selecting the orthorectification icon on the LPS toolbar or the Ortho Rectification (Resampling option within the Process menu, the Ortho Resampling dialog opens as shown in the Figure 2 there are two tabs i.e. General tab and Advanced tab. In the general tab by default the input file name (first image) is given. So the output file name is typed. Click on add button in the general tab to insert the second image. In the advanced tab from the Resampling method select interpolation method from the dropdown list. Run the process and finally orthoimage generated is shown in the Figure 3. Figure 2 Ortho resampling 63 editor@iaeme.com

4 Mr. S. S. Manugula, Dr. B. Veeranna and Dr. Saroj Patel Figure 3 Ortho resampling process 4. LAND USE / LAND COVER Information on existing land use / land cover and pattern of their spatial distribution forms the basis for any developmental planning. The current land use has to be assessed for its suitability in the light of land potential before suggesting alternate land use practices. What is land use? A series of operation on land carried out by humans, with the intention to obtain products or benefits through the use of land resources What is Land cover? The vegetation or manmade constructions, which occur on the earth s surface, water, ice, rocks and similar surfaces also count as land cover The remote sensing provides information on actual land use/cover, while GIS enables an integrated evaluation on land potentialities to be made [6]. They demonstrated the value of spatial analysis in land use management is greatly enhanced by the use of GIS. Martinez and Stuiver [4] investigate the automated delineation of drainage networks and elementary catchments from digital elevation models. Based on their results, they concluded that automating the method for obtaining the spatial representation of drainage networks and elementary catchments is important since these entities are terrain objects connects different aggregation level of hydrographic information editor@iaeme.com

5 Geo-Spatial Data Foundation For Dam Sites Figure 4 Landuse /Land Cover with overlap of dam site. Figure 5 Comparision of raw vs Classified image editor@iaeme.com

6 Mr. S. S. Manugula, Dr. B. Veeranna and Dr. Saroj Patel 5. DRAINAGE The study area located south of the eastern Himalayas, comprises the Brahmaputra Valley and the Barak river valleys along with the Karbi Anglong and the North Cachar Hills with an area of 30,285 square miles (78,438 km 2 ) region representing mountains and thick forest regions. Drainage patterns are the design formed by the aggregate of drainage ways in an area regardless of whether they are occupied by permanent streams (Howard, 1967) reflecting the surface and subsurface conditions. Figure 6 Shows the Drainage pattern of the proposed area and Figure 7 shows the Superimpose of drainage map on DEM Figure 6 Drainage pattern Figure 7 Superimpose of drainage map on DEM 6. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION In this work the suitability and the capability of High resolution Geo-Eye data has been studied for the generation of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Orthoimage. In this work Digital photogrammetric technique has been used to process the stereo data. From the present work, it is recommended that using the Geo-spatial data like Orthophoto, Land use/land cover and Drainage network is most essential for dam site so that depending upon the slope and the catchment analysis is performed. The recommendation is that DEMs from control points for generation of orthorectification 66 editor@iaeme.com

7 Geo-Spatial Data Foundation For Dam Sites is a more accurate process by which to geocode digital imagery. Accuracy of orthoimage is mainly depends upon the accuracy of aerial triangulation, but accuracy of AT is again depends on the accuracy of Ground control points collected. High accurate GCPs produce accurate DEM & Orthoimage REFERENCES [1] Salih, S. A. and Al-Tarif, A. S. M. Using of GIS spatial analyses to study the selected location for dam reservoir on Wadi Al-Jirnaf, West of Shirqat area. Iraq J Geogr Inf Syst, 2012, pp [2] Ramakrishnan, D., Bandyopadhyay, A. and Kusuma, K. N. SCS-CN and GIS based approach for identifying potential water harvesting sites in the Kali Watershed, Mahi River Basin. India J Earth Syst Sci, 118, 2009, pp [3] Clark, J. Putting water in its place: A perspective on GIS in hydrology and water. Hydro Process, 12, 1998, pp [4] Martinez, J. A. and Stuiver, H. J. Automated delineation of drainage networks and elementary catchments from digital elevation models. ITC Journal, No. 3/4, 1998, pp [5] GeoEye-1 Product Guide, URL: [6] Sabins, F. F. Remote sensing: Principles and interpretations, 3rd ed. New York: W. H. Freeman, [7] Manugula, S. S., Dr. Bommakanti, V. and Dr. Patel, S. Generation of DEM and Contour from High Resolution Satellite Data. American International Journal of Research in Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (AIJRSTEM), 1(10), May 2015, pp [8] Jacobsen, K. Orthoimages and DEMs by Quick bird and IKONOS, Remote sensing in transition, Mill press, 2004, pp ABOUT AUTHORS Santhi Swarup Manugula has B.Tech Civil Engineering., M.Tech Remote Sensing and pursuing Ph.D. in Jodhpur National University, Rajasthan in Department of Civil Engineering, and Integrating Remote Sensing Applications with Civil Engineering. He worked as a RA (projects) in IIT Mumbai in the department of CSRE. He has 18 years of experience (Civil Engg, GIS-Photogrammetry-Remote Sensing) worked with National & International Clients in various multinational companies. He worked as a Dy. General Manager& Head of GIS department and also holds the credit of gaining global exposure by working in Abu-Dhabi (UAE) as a client side support international project work. Dr. Veeranna Bommakanti has B.Tech Civil Engineering., M.Tech Remote Sensing and Ph.D. in Spatial Information Technology. He presented more than six papers in International Conferences/ journals out of which one paper was presented in 29th Annual ESRI International User Conference, San Diego, CA, USA, and July 13 17, With more than 25 years of experience, currently he is working as a Director of the institution and also a Professor in the department of Civil Engineering in GNITC Hyderabad involving in various academic and research activities editor@iaeme.com

8 Mr. S. S. Manugula, Dr. B. Veeranna and Dr. Saroj Patel Dr. Saroj Patel has more than 11 years of rich experience in teaching and research field. She is currently working as an Associate Professor in Jodhpur National University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan in the department of Mathematics. She guided many PhD scholars and solved many critical solutions especially when their thesis works integrated with mathematics