GEOGRAPHY: PAPER I. 6. You are encouraged to use sketch maps, diagrams and other explanatory drawings to support your answers wherever relevant.

Transcription

1 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION NOVEMBER 2015 GEOGRAPHY: PAPER I Time: 3 hours 300 marks PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY 1. This question paper consists of 18 pages, a Colour Insert of 3 (i iii) pages and an Answer Sheet of 2 (i ii) pages. Detach the Colour Insert and Answer Sheet from the middle of the question paper. Please check that your question paper is complete. 2. The Answer Sheet must be placed inside your Answer Book. Check that your examination number has been filled in on the Answer Sheet. 3. Read the questions carefully. 4. ALL THREE QUESTIONS ARE COMPULSORY. 5. Credit will be given for the following: Interpretation and explanation; and Evidence of personal observations where this is appropriate to the question. 6. You are encouraged to use sketch maps, diagrams and other explanatory drawings to support your answers wherever relevant. 7. Number your answers exactly as the questions are numbered. 8. It is in your own interest to write legibly and to present your work neatly. 9. There is a GLOSSARY of words on page 2 explaining what the words in bold used in the questions mean. 10. Candidates must pay attention to the mark allocation. Unless otherwise indicated, two marks are awarded for a valid response. This means that a question carrying four marks requires two responses. PLEASE TURN OVER

2 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER I Page 2 of 18 GLOSSARY WORD Account for Annotate Calculate Classify Comment on Compare Define Describe Discuss Draw Evaluate Expand on Explain Explore Fill in Identify Illustrate Indicate Label List Match Name Predict Provide Select Suggest MEANING To justify and provide reasons for something using a short explanation. To add notes (often to a diagram) giving short explanations or comments. To work something out using a mathematical method. To arrange in categories or groups according to shared qualities. To give your opinion or make a statement about something; to write generally about something. To note the similarity or dissimilarity between things. To give the precise meaning of To provide the main characteristics of something; to provide an account of something. (Note: A diagram or map may be included as part of a description). To examine or investigate by way of an argument the various aspects of a statement. To show by means of a sketch. To judge or determine, to provide an opinion about a particular matter. To provide further details by way of discussion and explanation. To make clear or plain. To make sure the reader understands what is being said. To look at and comment on something in a systematic and careful way. To complete, by providing correct terms or relevant information. To give the essential characteristics of; to name. To draw. To point out or show. To add names or short descriptions to identify parts of an image, drawing or illustration. To write a series of concise statements; to present a list of names, facts, aspects or items. To find the exact counterpart of another. To state something; to give a name; to mention. To say what is expected to happen; to foretell; to say in advance. To give. To choose; to pick out the correct answer from several alternatives. To put forward an idea, to recommend, or propose something.

3 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER I Page 3 of 18 SECTION A QUESTION 1 GEOGRAPHICAL ISSUES GEOGRAPHICAL CASE STUDY: FOCUS ON EMALAHLENI, MPUMALANGA Read and carefully study the following information and answer the questions thereafter. Emalahleni Air: dirtiest in the world Some of the highest levels of poisonous gases in the air are found in the atmosphere surrounding the city of Emalahleni (place of coal), formerly known as Witbank. Emalahleni is an urban region in Mpumalanga, with an estimated population of people (Census, 2011). The high levels of pollution are linked to the coal mining activities and thermal power stations which occur in the region. Inequality in the region Despite the industrial focus of the region being on thermal power stations, only 75% of homes have access to electricity. Millions of litres of water are used in the cooling systems at the power stations and yet only 80.3% of households have access to piped water. [Information adapted from City Press, April 2012 and StatsSA, 2014] Figure 1: Informal settlement area and cooling towers outside Emalahleni [Source: Greenpeace] PLEASE TURN OVER

4 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER I Page 4 of Subtropical Anticyclones and their impact on the Highveld Climate Read the Fact File and Tweets below. FACT FILE: Climate and topography of Emalahleni The Emalahleni Local Municipality is located within South Africa's Highveld region. The Highveld forms part of the plateau region and ranges in altitude from around m to m. The region tends to be very flat. The flat topography means that the landscape is crossed by many meandering rivers, with the grassland ecosystems playing an important role in natural water purification. Relatively high rainfall (between mm annually) maintains the grasslands during the summer months. Mean maximum temperatures range from 21 C to 24 C, and mean minimums range from 3 C to 6 C, with temperatures sometimes reaching 38 C in summer and 11 C in winter. Heavy mist and fog are major concerns within the Emalahleni municipal area. Due to the industrial nature of the region, smog affects visibility on most winter mornings (see warning Tweets below). [Adapted from: SAexplorer.co.za] Rob Witbank N12 Route, ROAD CLOSED due to heavy mist between the Balmoral exit and the N4 Highway Interchange use N4 to/ from Gauteng. 14/06/14 [Source: Traffic SA] Jacaranda N4, Heavy fog and mist between Witbank and the Balmoral exit drive with care. 4/07/14 [Source: Jacaranda FM]

5 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER I Page 5 of Using the information in the Fact File on page 4, describe the Highveld climate in both the summer and winter months. (4) Anticyclonic circulation has a direct impact on the climate of the Highveld. (a) (b) Name the main anticyclone that affects the Highveld in the winter months. (2) Account for the presence of this anticyclone (identified in (a)) over the Highveld during winter. (4) According to the Fact File information and Tweets (page 4), fog, smog and mist are problems along the N12 and N4 highways during winter in the Emalahleni area. (a) (b) (c) Both Tweets are linked to traffic reports. Why are fog and mist linked to a road traffic report? (2) Account for the high smog levels within the Emalahleni municipality area. (4) Explain how the presence of an anticyclone over this region during winter makes 'smog conditions' worse. (4) 1.2 Urban Settlements and Issues Refer to the article and Figure 1 on page 3, and the Google Earth image, (Photograph 1) in the Colour Insert Classify Emalahleni according to its main function. (2) (a) Define 'urbanisation'. (2) (b) Urbanisation rates in the Emalahleni municipal region are high. Suggest ONE reason for this trend. (2) Vosman and Kwa-Guqa are two large, high-density residential areas on the outskirts of Emalahleni. These areas are within close proximity to coal mines and power stations, as seen in Figure 1 on page 3 and the Google Earth image, (Photograph 1) in the Colour Insert booklet. Describe TWO urban issues people living in these communities may face. (4) Using the Google Earth image, (Photograph 1 in the Colour Insert), draw an aerial sketch map of Emalahleni showing what this urban area would look like, as seen from above. In your Answer Book, create your sketch map in a block of 15 cm by 15 cm. Your sketch map should be fully labelled, or you should make use of a key. Indicate the following on your sketch map: Major transport links/ routes Residential areas (Kwa-Guqa and Vosman) Buffer zone Golf course CBD (10) Marks will be awarded for the accuracy and neatness of your sketch map. (4) PLEASE TURN OVER

6 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER I Page 6 of Strategies for Industrial Development Study Figure 2 below and read the Fact File carefully. FACT FILE: The Maputo Development Corridor SDI Large sections of the Maputo Development Corridor SDI run through Mpumalanga. The Maputo Corridor also passes through industrial and primary production areas around the towns of Delmas, Emalahleni/ Witbank and Middelburg. These regions are important centres for South Africa's coal and vanadium mining and stainless steel production as well as being principle areas of commercial maize production. As the Corridor passes through the escarpment between the Highveld and the Lowveld, large fields of maize make way for citrus, macadamia nuts and sugar cane production, paper mills and vast forestry plantations. Further east, the Corridor passes through wilderness areas before reaching the border town of Komatipoort. Here, economic activities centre around sugar cane production and wildlife tourism with access to the Kruger National Park. [Adapted from: Mpumalanga Department of Economic and Development Planning] Figure 2: The Maputo Development Corridor SDI Define a 'spatial development initiative' (SDI). (2) With reference to Figure 2 above, identify TWO break-of-bulk points. Explain why these places are break-of-bulk points. (6)

7 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER I Page 7 of With reference to the Fact File on page 6, identify an example of each of the following economic activities taking place within the Maputo Development Corridor region: (a) primary, (b) secondary, and (c) tertiary. (6) (a) Along which major freeway has the Maputo Corridor been developed? (2) (b) How does this national route favour development along this corridor area? (4) The Maputo Development Corridor SDI has resulted in industrial decentralisation in the area. (a) Explain the concept of 'industrial decentralisation'. (2) (b) Suggest THREE disadvantages industrial decentralisation may result in along the Maputo Development Corridor SDI. (6) 1.4 Drainage Systems and River Catchment Management Study Figure 3, a map of the Olifants River Catchment region and read the associated Fact File on the next page. Figure 3: The Olifants River Catchment Region, Mpumalanga and Limpopo Provinces [Source: < PLEASE TURN OVER

8 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER I Page 8 of 18 FACT FILE: Olifants River Catchment Area Total mean annual surface runoff of catchment area is approximately million cubic metres per year. A minimum of 200 million cubic metres of water is required to keep the Olifants River flowing as it reaches the Kruger National Park in its lower course stage. In recent years the lower course of the Olifants River has dried up for months at a time impacting upon the Kruger Park's wildlife and river ecosystems. Due to the flat topography of the Highveld grasslands, there are many important wetland systems within this catchment. The upper course of the catchment is characterised by mining, agricultural and conservation activities. Over-grazing and highly erodible soils result in severe erosion in this catchment. Thirty large dams occur in the Olifants River Catchment, the Witbank Dam being one of them. [Information adapted from: CSIR, River Health Programme] Provide a definition for the following fluvial terms, which appear in the Fact File above. (a) Surface runoff (2) (b) Upper course. (2) With reference to Figure 3 (page 7), name TWO tributaries of the Olifants River. (4) In which general direction is the Olifants River flowing at point X (Figure 3)? (2) Identify an example of a temporary base level within the Olifants River catchment area (Figure 3). (2) (a) Identify the drainage pattern of the Olifants River (Figure 3). (2) (b) What does this pattern suggest about the underlying geology of the area? (2) Calculate the drainage basin order of the Olifants catchment at point X (Figure 3). (2) Identify and explain THREE ways in which people have impacted on the Olifants drainage basin and catchment area. (6) Suggest TWO strategies which can be put in place to ensure the river discharge remains above 200 million cubic metres to enable the lower stages of the Olifants River to support life in the Kruger Park. (4) 100 marks

9 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER I Page 9 of 18 SECTION B QUESTION 2 CLIMATE AND WEATHER AND GEOMORPHOLOGY SYNOPTIC WEATHER MAP ANALYSIS, HURRICANES IN THE CARIBBEAN, VALLEY CLIMATE, DRAINAGE SYSTEMS AND FLUVIAL PROCESSES 2.1 Synoptic Weather Map Analysis Refer to Figure 4 below, an extract of a synoptic weather map. Figure 4: Synoptic weather map extract [Source: SAWS] List THREE pieces of climatological evidence that prove Figure 4 represents a summer synoptic situation. (6) Name the THREE climatological features that have been labelled A C. (6) PLEASE TURN OVER

10 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER I Page 10 of On Figure 4, D represents the South Atlantic High Pressure cell. Comment on the position of this cell and how it may impact on weather systems in Figure 4. (4) Compare the weather conditions on either side of the line labelled B. Refer to air and dew point temperatures, cloud cover and wind direction. Consider the information of THREE weather stations closest to either side of line labelled B. You may tabulate your answer. (8) Provide a reason for the cloud cover that is being experienced in Bloemfontein, as shown in Figure 4. (2) 2.2 Hurricanes in the Caribbean Refer to the Fact File and Photograph 2 in the Colour Insert. FACT FILE: Hurricane Gonzalo A hurricane warning was issued for Bermuda on 16 October The International Airport was also closed as Hurricane Gonzalo headed towards Bermuda. A dangerous tropical storm surge and hurricane force winds were expected as it was predicted that Gonzalo would become a Category 4 storm. The eye was expected to pass over the island on 17 October Bermuda had been battered by Hurricane Fay a few days before Gonzalo was predicted to hit the island. Roads were blocked by fallen debris, trees blown over and about homes were left without electricity. Stores had sold out of generators, candles, gas and batteries by the time the warning was issued. Bermuda has very strict building codes that make structures capable of withstanding storms. Gonzalo was expected to move in a north-easterly direction across the North Atlantic Ocean. MULTIPLE CHOICE [Source: < Select the most appropriate option from the list. Write down only the number and correct letter, for example: A A tropical storm surge is A a swell of sea water associated with spring tides. B a tidal wave caused by tectonic shock waves. C a wave of sea water caused by strong winds. D the vortex of a tropical cyclone. (2) In a Category 4 storm, hurricane force winds blow at speeds of approximately A 45 knots. B 45 km/h. C 120 km/h. D between 175 and 250 km/h. (2)

11 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER I Page 11 of When a hurricane makes landfall it A eventually dissipates. B gains energy. C always moves in a northerly direction. D gains momentum. (2) Hurricanes occur in the north Atlantic during A early summer. B winter. C late summer. D spring. (2) Hurricane Fay was the storm of the season in this region. A 5th B 6th C 7th D 8th (2) Study Figure 5 on the Answer Sheet. Refer to the Fact File (page 10) on Hurricane Gonzalo. Answer Questions (a) and (b) on the Answer Sheet. Use a key, on Figure 5, to clearly indicate (a) and (b) below. (a) (b) (c) Fill in the path, indicating dates, that Hurricane Gonzalo took between October 2014 on your Answer Sheet. (4) Indicate the predicted path of Hurricane Gonzalo from 18 October onwards on your Answer Sheet. (2) With reference to Figure 5, explain why hurricanes frequently occur in this particular area. (4) Evaluate the strategies that Bermuda has in place and could consider to help prepare for and manage the effects of hurricanes. Refer specifically to: warning systems and preparedness the built environment. (8) 2.3 Valley Climate Refer to Photograph 3, on page ii of the Colour Insert. Photograph 3 was taken looking towards the west end of the Prince Albert Valley, Western Cape. Olives and grapes are grown along the valley. At night, cold winds drain into the valley, cooling the vineyards. This is important for the quality of wine produced in the valley. Refer to the Answer Sheet, Figure 6 for Questions (a), (b) and (c). PLEASE TURN OVER

12 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER I Page 12 of (a) Figure 6 (Answer Sheet) is a field sketch of the valley in Photograph 3. Annotate the following aspects of microclimate on the Answer Sheet: north-facing slope south-facing slope where the frost pocket is likely to occur thermal belt (8) (b) (c) A temperature inversion often occurs during winter in this valley. Illustrate and fully label the diagram (Figure 6) on the Answer Sheet to show how and why a temperature inversion occurs in this valley. (6) Add labels to the diagram (Figure 6) on the Answer Sheet to show how katabatic winds occur in this valley. (4) Most of the land-use activity in Photograph 3 takes place along the valley floor. Account for this extensive use of the valley floor. (6) 2.4 Drainage Systems and Fluvial Processes Study the topographic map extract (Figure 7) and Photograph (4) on page iii in the Colour Insert, showing the Breede (Breë) River, Western Cape Select the correct word(s) from the underlined list for each statement. Write down the answer next to the question number in your Answer Book. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) The river shows typical valley/ upper/ plain stage features. The river flow pattern is predominantly laminar/ turbulent/ nonperennial. The gradient of the river course is vertical/ gentle/ steep. The fluvial feature labelled A on Photograph 4 is a floodplain/ levée/ meander. The river in Photograph 4 is a graded/ an overgraded/ a rejuvenated river as there is just enough energy to carry its load. (10) (a) Draw a well-labelled transverse (cross) sketch section of the Breede River from B C as shown on Figure 7 and Photograph 4. (6) (b) (c) On the section drawn for Question (a), indicate where the fastest flow of the river occurs. (2) Account for the difference in the speed of river flow at Feature A on Photograph 4. (4) 100 marks

13 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER I Page 13 of 18 SECTION C RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENT AND ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA QUESTION Rural Settlement 'Cradock is bigger than a village, but smaller than a town.' (Country Life magazine, July, 2014) FACT FILE Cradock is a town located within the Karoo (Eastern Cape province of South Africa) Located in the upper valley of the Great Fish River 249 km north east of Port Elizabeth along the N10 Estimated population is (National Census, 2011) One of the chief centres of SA's wool industry Figure 8: View of Cradock, Eastern Cape [Source: Nightjar Travel] Based on the Fact File information above and the photograph (Figure 8), explain Cradock's situation. (2) According to Country Life magazine, 'Cradock is bigger than a village, but smaller than a town'. Using your knowledge of settlement hierarchy and function, explain the geographical meaning of this statement. (4) PLEASE TURN OVER

14 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER I Page 14 of Each year Cradock hosts the Schreiner Karoo Writers' Festival in July, the well-known Fish River Canoe Marathon and the Agricultural Show in October. Increasing numbers of people have been attracted to Cradock to open up bed-and-breakfast establishments, local restaurants and craft stores. (a) (b) Provide the correct geographical term for people relocating to small rural communities to set up businesses and opportunities such as those mentioned above. (2) Discuss TWO reasons why it is important that rural communities such as Cradock diversify their local economies beyond agriculture. (4) 3.2 Rural Settlement Issues and Agriculture in the Cradock Region Read the information below. Rural development and land reform Cradock Biofuel Project In 2007 the agricultural region surrounding the town of Cradock was earmarked for a large scale rural development project involving the growth of beetroot and sorghum crops for a biofuel initiative to assist energy production as an alternative fuel source. This region was identified since soil quality is good and water resources are available via the Fish-River irrigation scheme. Furthermore, unemployment, food security and landless people are major issues within this area of the Eastern Cape. As a part of the land reform process, the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform undertook to purchase hectares of land to be distributed to local farmers who would become a part of this agricultural initiative. Eight years down the line the project has not been able to get off the ground. The project has been delayed by poor administration, lack of decision-making and several disputes over the sale of land and land value. Local people remain frustrated and angry; one community member was quoted as saying 'We have stopped talking about this whole thing because it gets rolled over every year. Many people saw this as an opportunity, but now nobody cares.' [Adapted from an article by Kings, S. Mail and Guardian, July, 13, 2012] What is biofuel? Why do you think the government is considering such an initiative? (4) Identify ONE factor which favours and ONE factor which hinders* agricultural production within the Cradock region of the Eastern Cape. (4) Land reform has been identified as one of the many rural development strategies initiated by the South African government. (a) Provide a brief explanation of the concept of land reform. (2) (b) (c) Why is land reform considered necessary in rural areas across South Africa? (4) Explore TWO challenges of the land reform process as a rural development initiative. (4) *hinder = to make difficult

15 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER I Page 15 of Identify TWO factors which influence food security in South Africa. (4) Discuss the positive and negative implications of the Cradock biofuel project for food security in the region. (4) 3.3 Urban Settlement Read the extract below. Modderfontein Mixed Landuse Development Modderfontein is a suburb in the eastern area of Johannesburg, Gauteng. For R1 billion, Chinese Property developers Shanghai Zendai have acquired a plot of ha from the South African company AECI explosives and chemicals group. With this piece of land, the Chinese organisation plans to build 'a financial hub' with residential, commercial, light industrial and retail components. It has obvious advantages as it is on the Gautrain route and located between the central business district of Sandton and OR Tambo International Airport. [Adapted from: SA Commercial Prop News, 08/11/2013] Explain your understanding of a 'mixed landuse development'. (2) Account for the increasing trend towards mixed landuse development in urban areas across the world. (6) Why is Modderfontein well suited to a mixed landuse development? (4) 3.4 Coal Mining in South Africa FACT FILE: SA Coal fields South Africa has the world's 9th-largest amount of recoverable coal reserves and holds 95% of Africa's total coal reserves. 220 million tons of coal are mined in Mpumalanga each year. There are currently 11 coal-fired power stations in Mpumalanga. The new mega coal-fired power station, Kusile, is under construction in the area. (Kusile will be one of the biggest coal-fired power stations in the world.) It is estimated that this power station will burn 17 million tons of coal per year. Environmental groups continue to target the coal mining sector for air, land, and water pollution. At the 2009 Copenhagen Climate Change Conference President Zuma committed SA to a 34% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2020, and 42% by [Adapted from: Greenpeace.org] PLEASE TURN OVER

16 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER I Page 16 of 18 Study Figure 9 below. Refer to the Fact File material on page 15. Figure 9: Total primary coal production and consumption in South Africa, Coal exports Year [Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration] Which region can be described as South Africa's major 'coal field'? (2) List TWO factors which illustrate the importance of coal mining to South Africa's economy. (4) According to Figure 9 above, which year saw the highest levels of coal consumption? (2) Comment on the trend in coal exports from , as seen in Figure 9. (2) During 2015 South Africa experienced power cuts as a consequence of 'load-shedding'. Predict how 'load-shedding' is likely to have influenced coal consumption rates and coal exports in In each case, provide a reason for your answer. (4) Write a short paragraph in which you discuss THREE factors that hinder* the coal mining industry in South Africa. Refer to the sources and your own knowledge. (6) *hinder = to make difficult

17 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER I Page 17 of Industry in South Africa Economic Terminology Match the correct term from Column A with the most correct explanation in Column B. Write down only the correct number and letter, eg 1 A. Column A 1 Footloose industry 2 Heavy industry 3 Domestic market 4 Informal sector 5 Quaternary sector A B C D E F G Column B Located between the raw material and the market area. People involved in a variety of activities who earn money outside of the formal sector of the economy. Involves scientific research and the processing of data. Industry that can be placed and located at any location without effect from factors such as resources or transport. Small scale agricultural production with a small annual turnover. Large quantities of raw materials are used and pollution generated. The supply and demand of goods and services within a single country. (10) PLEASE TURN OVER

18 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER I Page 18 of Read the following extract on Gauteng. Gauteng generates 33,9% of South Africa's GDP and 10% of the total GDP of the entire African continent. Gauteng dominates the South African economy in every major sector except agriculture, mining and quarrying. An estimated 40,6% of South Africa's manufacturing is done in Gauteng. Economic activities have diversified over the years, with the economy of the province being dominated by tertiary activities. Despite the success of the economy the province continues to face many challenges, power supply and infrastructure maintenance being areas of concern. [Adapted from: Gauteng Online] Write an essay in which you expand on Gauteng as the 'economic powerhouse' of South Africa. In your essay take care to discuss the following points: Factors influencing the location of Gauteng as an industrial area. Main industrial activities in the province. Challenges facing the economy of Gauteng. Use the following rubric to guide the planning and structure of your essay. (20) Criteria Writing skills Use of brief introduction and conclusion. Logical discussion and use of subheadings. Content knowledge Correct use of geographical terminology. Adherence to topic and subheadings Supporting evidence analysis and understanding Reference made to case study material/ fact file/ source material provided. If appropriate, reference must be made to familiar/ local or other examples marks Total: 300 marks

19 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION NOVEMBER 2015 GEOGRAPHY: PAPER I EXAMINATION NUMBER ANSWER SHEET Important: This Answer Sheet must be detached and placed inside your Answer Book. You must write your examination number in the blocks above. Figure 5: Map to show Hurricanes Fay and Gonzalo's path Questions (a), (b) and (c) 13 October 2014 United States of America Tropical storm Fay Gulf of Mexico Cuba Puerto Rico Tropical storm Gonzalo Category 2 storm Hurricane Fay's path PLEASE TURN OVER

20 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER I ANSWER SHEET Page ii of ii Figure 6: Field sketch of the Prince Albert Valley, Western Cape Questions (a), (b) and (c) N

21 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER I COLOUR INSERT Page i of iii Photograph 1: Google Earth Image of Emalahleni Questions and Vosman Kwa-Guqa [Source: Google Earth] PLEASE TURN OVER

22 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER I COLOUR INSERT Page ii of iii Photograph 2: NOAA's GOES East satellite on 13 October 2014 Question 2.2 Bermuda ATLANTIC OCEAN Photograph 3: Prince Albert Valley, Western Cape Question 2.3 [Source: < N [Examiner's photograph]

23 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER I COLOUR INSERT Page iii of iii Figure 7: A topographic map extract of the Breede (Breë) River, Western Cape (3420BC MALGAS) Question 2.4 B C Photograph 4: Fluvial features of the Breede River Question 2.4 [Source: Map Studio] B C A [Examiner's photograph]

24 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION NOVEMBER 2015 GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II EXAMINATION NUMBER Time: 1½ hours 100 marks PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY 1. Write your examination number in the appropriate blocks provided above. 2. This question paper consists of 16 pages, a topographic map and a Colour Insert of one page (i). Please check that your paper is complete. 3. Read the questions carefully. 4. Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided on the question paper. 5. Carefully study the 1: topographic map extract 2428CD BELA-BELA and the accompanying aerial photograph sheet (Photograph 2 of the Colour Insert) before answering the questions. 6. The topographic map has grid lines with markings A to G and 1 to 11 that may be used to identify locations according to blocks. 7. The topographic map extract, aerial photograph and your completed question paper must be handed to the invigilator at the end of the examination. The maps and photos may be retained by the school for future use. 8. On page 2 there is a glossary of words. This will help you understand what the words in bold in the questions are asking you to do. There is also an English-Afrikaans translation of some words appearing on the map. 9. A magnifying glass and calculator may be used. 10. It is in your own interest to write legibly and to present your work neatly. 11. You may use the back page for rough work. No marks will be allocated to rough work. FOR MARKER'S USE ONLY Question Total Marks Obtained PLEASE TURN OVER

25 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II Page 2 of 16 Glossary of terms WORD Account for Calculate Classify Compare Demonstrate Describe Design Discuss Draw Explain Give Identify Justify Match Provide Suggest Verify MEANING To justify, and provide reasons for something, using a short explanation. To work out the value of something using a mathematical method. To arrange in categories or groups according to shared qualities. To estimate, measure, or note the similarity or dissimilarity between things. To show that you understand something, to illustrate and explain (can give examples). To say what something is like. To explain step-by-step a process or plan of action. To write about something in detail. To create a picture. To describe something so that it can be understood. To provide. To give the details or characteristics of something. To support an answer by giving reason, argument or evidence. To connect similar things or things that belong together. To give. To put forward ideas, a plan or reasons. To prove that something is true. Translation of words English to Afrikaans Caravan Park Cutline Diggings Farm Fountain/ spring Furrow Game Reserve Golf course Holiday resort Landing strip Karavaanpark Snylyn/ kaplyn Delwerye Plaas Fontein Kanaal/Voor Wildtuin Gholfbaan Vakansieoord Landingstrook Marsh, swamp or wetland Vlei Mineral hot springs Warmwaterbronne Mountain Berg Nature Reserve Wildtuin Ridge Rant River Rivier Road Pad Sewerage works Rioolwerke Stream Spruit/ stroom

26 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II Page 3 of 16 Location map: Location of Bela-Bela in South Africa A B Bela-Bela The town is situated in the Waterberg district of Limpopo Province and lies about 10 km from the N1 road between Pretoria and Polokwane. Bela-Bela meaning 'the pot that boils', derives its name from the geothermic hot springs around which the town was built. Bela-Bela was originally known as Warmbaths or Warmbad. Bela-Bela is a popular health and holiday destination attracting both local and foreign tourists. The town lies on the Springbok Flats, a fertile basin, dominated by agricultural activities, conservation and wildlife farming. [Adapted from: < and < QUESTION 1 ATLAS USE, MAP ORIENTATION AND TECHNIQUES 1.1 Refer to the location map above, as well as the topographic map extract 2428CD BELA-BELA, to answer the following questions. Tick the correct box The neighbouring country labelled A on the location map above is Botswana Lesotho Namibia Zimbabwe (1) The province labelled B on the location map above is Free State Gauteng Mpumalanga North West (1) The map reference number for the map sheet to the north east of 2428CD BELA-BELA is 2428CA 2428DA 2428DC 2429DA (1) PLEASE TURN OVER

27 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II Page 4 of The road distance (km) to Mabula travelling along the R516 from point X (E3) is 5 km 10 km 29 km 34 km (2) The approximate true bearing of trigonometrical beacon 65 (C2) from trigonometrical beacon 7 at Buyskop (C6) is 84º 96º 98º 276º (2) Refer to the topographic map extract 2428CD BELA-BELA and Figure 1 below. R516 Plat River R101 Bela-Bela N1 R516 Y Moretele R Springbok Flats and proposed coal mining (fracking) area Figure 1: Main communication links and drainage features, Bela-Bela, Limpopo

28 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II Page 5 of 16 (a) In which general direction is the Moretele River draining at point Y on Figure 1? (2) (b) Refer to the topographic map extract. Verify the statement that the Mineral Hot Springs in Bela-Bela (E3) are approximately 10 km from the N1. (2) (c) The N1, R101 and R516 roads, as well as the railway links, generally follow straight routes. Provide map evidence to suggest what this tells us about the relief of the area. 1.2 Geographic techniques (2) Refer to the topographic map extract 2428CD BELA-BELA to answer the questions. Tick the correct box The latitude reference of the ground sign G in F4 is 28º 18' 40" E 28º 18' 40" S 24º 54' 40" S 24º 54' 40" E (2) The mean magnetic declination for the topographic map extract 2428CD BELA-BELA in 2015 will be 16º 35' W of True North 16º 47' W of True North 16º 23' W of True North 16º 23' E of True North (a) There are several cutlines indicated on the mapped area (e.g. B2 and E6). Draw the correct map symbol for a cutline in the block below. (2) (1) PLEASE TURN OVER

29 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II Page 6 of 16 (b) Explain what a cutline is. (2) (a) The Waterberg range is sloping to the north (B3). Match this statement to the sketch cross section that represents the correct profile of the Waterberg on Bospoort farm (B3). Tick the correct option. (b) (i) Is trigonometrical station 65 (C2) intervisible from spot height 1396 (B1)? Tick the correct answer. (2) YES NO (1) (ii) Justify your answer to (i) above. Justification: (2) [25] Q1 subtotal

30 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II Page 7 of 16 QUESTION 2 CLIMATE AND DRAINAGE OF THE AREA 2.1 Study Figure 2, a climate graph for Bela-Bela. Rainfall (mm) Average Temperature (ºC) Months Figure 2: Climate graph: Bela-Bela [Source: < Calculate the approximate total annual rainfall (mm) for Bela-Bela. mm (2) Given the above rainfall data (Question 2.1.1), suggest why there are many non-perennial rivers surrounding the Bela-Bela area. (2) Calculate the range (ºC) in the average annual temperature. ºC (2) PLEASE TURN OVER

31 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II Page 8 of Drainage of the area Refer to the topographic map extract 2428CD BELA-BELA Identify the dominant drainage pattern in B3-4. (2) Refer to B3 and C3. Provide evidence that suggests that water is critical to farming in the area. (4)

32 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II Page 9 of Flooding at Klein-Kariba Holiday Resort Refer to A5 and B5 on the topographic map extract 2428CD BELA-BELA, the Fact File and Photographs 1A and 1B below. FACT FILE The Klein-Karibo Holiday Resort is located in a beautiful gorge in the Waterberg Mountains. A variety of self-catering accommodation is offered and there is a supermarket, restaurant and 9-hole golf course. Hiking, game viewing and water sports are favourite activities. In March 2014 two flash floods hit the resort, damaging the electricity and sewage systems, accommodation and entertainment areas. The resort s buildings had been built above the 100-year flood mark as required by law. [Adapted from: < and < Photograph 1A: Flood damage at Klein- Kariba Holiday Resort Photograph 1B: The river in flood at Klein-Kariba Holiday Resort [Source: Lessing, V, 2014] Give TWO characteristics of a flash flood. (4) PLEASE TURN OVER

33 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II Page 10 of Using the flow diagram below, demonstrate your understanding of why a devastating flash flood occurred in this river gorge of Klein-Kariba. Complete the information on the flow diagram. Cause/ influencing factor Consequence Heavy rain (4) The Klein-Kariba Holiday Resort is being rebuilt after the floods. Discuss TWO recommendations you would make to the redevelopers and owners of the resort to avoid future flood damage. (4) [24] Q2 subtotal

34 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II Page 11 of 16 QUESTION 3 PHOTOGRAPH ANALYSIS, GIS CONCEPTS, RURAL AND URBAN LAND-USE Refer to Photograph 2 below as well as the topographic map extract 2428CD BELA-BELA to answer the following questions. A colour image is provided in the Colour Insert. The area shown on Photograph 2 is marked by a black block on the topographic map extract 2428CD BELA-BELA. Photograph 2: Land-use to the south of Bela-Bela D A C B 3.1 FOUR features (A D) have been labelled on Photograph 2. Identify these features. A B C D (8) PLEASE TURN OVER

35 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II Page 12 of Refer to the topographic map extract 2428CD BELA-BELA The street pattern of Bela-Bela (Y in D3) is predominantly (Tick the correct option) Grid Haphazard Modern planned Radial (2) The farming activity at Welgelee (F6-7) is (Tick the correct option) Extensive Intensive Plantations Orchards/ vineyards (2) Provide ONE reason why Bela-Bela is classified as a central place town. (2) 3.3 Refer to the topographic map extract 2428CD BELA-BELA as well as Photograph 2 on page 11/ page (i) of the Colour Insert. There are numerous agricultural small holdings to the west of the Aventura Warmbad Game Reserve (E1-2, F1-2, G1-2) In which land-use zone are these small holdings found? (1) Account for the location of these small holdings. (4)

36 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II Page 13 of Study the Aventura Warmbad Game Reserve (E2-3, F2-3, G2-3) and Sondela Nature Reserve (C8-11, D8-11, E8-11, F9-11, G9-10). Complete Table 1 below to compare various features of the two reserves. Table 1: Comparing Aventura Warmbad Game Reserve and Sondela Nature Reserve Features Amenities and/ or facilities Aventura Warmbad Game Reserve Sondela Nature Reserve Recreational activities Access to the freeway (N1) (12) Circle the correct underlined answer in the statements below. (a) (b) The information you have entered in Table 1 above is referred to as raster/ attribute/ spatial data. (2) The area within the boundary of Sondela Nature Reserve forms a point/ line/ polygon data set. (2) [35] Q3 subtotal PLEASE TURN OVER

37 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II Page 14 of 16 QUESTION 4 ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES Study the Fact File below. FACT FILE Umbono Mining is currently conducting an Environmental Impact Assessment of the Springbok Flats, an area shown on Figure 1 (page 4). The coalfield to be fracked is a remnant of the main Karoo basin. The area is dominated by maize, sorghum, cotton, sunflower and cattle farming activities as well as a variety of conservation and wildlife farming activities such as game farms, tourist lodges and hunting operations. There are a number of major holiday resorts in the area such as Bela-Bela Forever and ATKV Klein Kariba, many game farms, a few golf estates and nature reserves such as Sondela. Industry and mining are not significant in the area. 4.1 Classify the type of economic activity that is taking place at: [Source: < Towoomba Research Farm (F5, 6). (2) 4.2 Describe TWO advantages of the proposed coal mining (fracking) for the area. (4) 4.3 Various stakeholders have met at several public meetings and are against fracking occurring in the area. Design a PowerPoint presentation to persuade the mining company not to go ahead with the proposed mining. Slides should include: Impact on game/ nature reserves Impact on agriculture Impact on water (surface and ground) You will be marked on the geographical content and concepts of your slides. You must make specific reference to places that will be affected (block/ grid references). Use relevant points and suitable titles or subtitles on your slides (on page 15). Marking rubric for presentation Criteria Maximum marks Relevant geographical points or factors: Reference to location is important; it may include a map Factors not favourable to mining in the area use of specific 6 subheadings provided 3 slides Title slide 2 Overall presentation 2 Total 10

38 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II Page 15 of 16 POWERPOINT PRESENTATION Slide 1 (Title) Slide 2 Impact on game/ nature reserves Slide 3 Impact on agriculture Slide 4 Impact on water (surface and ground) Q4 subtotal (10) [16] Total: 100 marks PLEASE TURN OVER

39 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II Page 16 of 16 Rough work (Not for marks)

40 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II COLOUR INSERT Page i of i QUESTION 3 Photograph 2: Land-use to the south of Bela-Bela D A C B