STENTEC B.V. Load set calculation Dowec 6MW

Transcription

1 Raadgevend Ingenieursbureau Stentec B.V. Hollingerstraat CA Heeg The Netherlands Tel Fax Date of release: 03 January 2003 STENTEC B.V. Load set calculation Dowec 6MW R45.04/01.03/03 CD C45.04/01.03/03 W. Kuik This copy belongs to: Stentec B.V. / NEG Micon /ECN

2 Quality Internal control Date Signature Report Ing. (HE) 3 January 2003 Authorisation Ir. W. Kuik (WK) 3 January 2003 This document is made for NEG Micon and ECN. Stentec will only present the results of the calculation to NEG Micon and ECN. R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 2

3 Summary This report contains a load set calculation and design variation calculations for the DOWEC 6 MW wind turbine. The wind turbine is modelled in Phatas IV by ECN. The calculations of the baseline wind turbine are performed with executable phat6mw.exe dated For the design variations other executables were used. The load set is programmed by Stentec B.V. according ref. [2] description. The resulting fatigue and ultimate loads are presented in time response diagrams, extreme values tables, statistics and VBC tables (1Hz equivalent signals), generated by Stentec B.V. s post processing program ADAP. All results are stored on CD C45.04/01.03/03. The results of the design variation calculations are stored on CD C45.04/01.03/03 and are used to generate cost of energy tables. The decisive values can be used for optimalisation and design detailling. R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 3

4 Contents Quality...2 Summary...3 Contents Introduction Wind turbine Wind turbine modelling Load set Introduction Definitions of the quantities Forces, moments and deflections User defined parameters Results Maximum tower foot bending moment Extreme tables Hz equivalent signals Design variations Cost of energy Structural pitch Cost of energy Tower eigenfrequencies Cost of energy Turbine control Cost of energy Tapered blade Cost of energy Low Lambda control Cost of energy Conclusion References Appendix A. Phatas file listing...25 Appendix B. Load cases listing...26 Appendix C. Plot of loadcase GrEog1Voc...31 Appendix D. Tables structural pitch Appendix E. Tables tower frequencies...41 Appendix F. Tables pitch control Appendix G. Tables tapered blade...59 Appendix H. Low Lambda control Appendix I. Plots tower eigenfrequencies Appendix J. Base line control versus Peak Shave control R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 4

5 1 Introduction In order to calculate the strength of a wind turbine a set of loads and load combinations is prescribed by the certification authority. This report describes the load set and results according to IEC2 class C and DNV regulations for the DOWEC 6 MW wind turbine. It is the purpose that the fatigue and ultimate strength of the wind turbine comply with this standard. The wind speeds and turbulence intensities that are used for the load set are given by NEG Micon and ECN ref. [2]. R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 5

6 2 Wind turbine The DOWEC MW6 wind turbine is a three-bladed off shore wind turbine with a rotor diameter of 129 m. and a rated power of 6 MW. The turbine start up wind speed is 4 m/s and has a nominal wind speed of 12.1 m/s. Rated rotor speed is rpm. The blades on this variable speed wind turbine are controlled by an active pitch control system. Normal pitching speed is 5º /sec. while emergency speed is 10º /sec. The hub height of the DOWEC is 91.4 m. above sea level. Total height of the tower is m. from the sea bottom. A description of the DOWEC wind turbine can be found in ref. [3] and ref. [14]. 2.1 Wind turbine modelling The DOWEC 6 MW wind turbine has been modelled with the dynamic response program Phatas IV by ECN. An overview of the used program and input files can be found in Appendix A. For the simulation the DOWEC wind turbine with 21 meter foundation was used without hydrodynamic loading. R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 6

7 3 Load set. 3.1 Introduction. A loadset has been defined by NEG Micon and ECN, ref. [2]. The load cases are based on IEC2 class C regulations and DNV regulations for off shore wind turbines. According this load set description Stentec B.V. made two series of input files for Phatas IV, one for the fatigue calculations and the other for ultimate loads calculations. Stochastic wind models were generated with Swifti Definitions of the quantities. The definition of the quantities is according to the blade, hub and tower co-ordinate system of the Terms of Reference ref. [4]. A short description of the used quantities in Phatas is given below. R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 7

8 3.3 Forces, moments and deflections. Phatas notation Unit Description Table 1: Blade co-ordinate system Mxb[i], Myb[i] [knm] Total moment of blade i around the blade foot in x and y-direction of the rotating blade co-ordinate system, non-pitching. Mxb[i]-p, Myb[i]-p [knm] Total moment of blade i around the blade foot in x and y-direction of the rotating blade co-ordinate system, pitching. Tip disp. flap [i] [mm] Total displacement of tip of blade [i] in X-direction. Tip disp. lag [i] [mm] Total displacement of tip of blade [i] in Y-direction. Table 2: Hub co-ordinate system Fxn, Fyn, Fzn [kn] Total force at a predefined location behind the rotor centre in x, y and z-direction of the non rotating hub co-ordinate system. Mxn, Myn, Mzn [knm] Total moment around the x, y and z-direction at a predefined location behind the rotor centre of the non rotating hub co-ordinate system. Fxn-r, Fyn-r, Fzn-r [kn] Total force at a predefined location behind the rotor centre in x, y and z-direction, rotating rotor co-ordinate system. Mxn-r, Myn-r, Mzn-r [knm] Total moment around the x, y and z-direction at a predefined location behind the rotor centre, rotating rotor co-ordinate system. Torsional [deg] deformation rotor shaft Rotor angular [deg/s2] acceleration Axial force, rotor [kn] Axial aerodynamic force on the rotor Aero power, rotor [kw] Aerodynamic power on the rotor Pitch angle [i] [deg] Pitch angle of blade [i], angle blade tip with respect to the rotor plane (θ). R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 8

9 Table 3: Tower co-ordinate system Phatas notation Unit Description Mxt, Myt, Mzt [knm] Total moment around the (x,) y and z-direction of the tower coordinate system at the intersection between the horizontal axis at a specified height above the tower base and the tower Z-axis. X-defl, Y-defll [mm], [deg] Displacement in the X, Y direction, at a specified height above the tower base. Yaw angle [deg] Yaw angle with respect to tower top. Yaw rate [deg/s] Wind-speed, hub [m/s] Wind speed at hub height Wind direction [deg] Actual wind direction at hub with respect to the rotor shaft Gen. shaft power [kw] Power through the generator shaft. Rotorspeed [rpm] Speed of rotation of the rotor (positive is clockwise) (Ω). Azimuth angle [deg] Rotational angle of blade 1 with respect to the Z-axis 3.4 User defined parameters In Phatas it is possible to determine deflections, moments and stresses at specified locations in tower, nacelle and blades. Table 5: Tower parameters Phatas notation Unit Location above Description tower foot Mxt[1], Myt[1] [knm] 0.0 m foundation base (sea floor) Mxt[2], Myt[2] [knm] m yaw bearing R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 9

10 Table 6 : Nacelle parameters Phatas notation Unit Location aft of hub Description Mxn[1], Myn[1], Mzn[1], [knm], 0.0 m rotor centre Fxn[1], Fyn[1], Fzn[1] [kn] Mxn-r[1], Myn-r[1], Mzn-r[1] [knm] 0.0 m rotor centre Table 7: Blade parameters Phatas notation Unit Location from Description blade foot Mxb[i], Myb[i] [knm] m rotor centre Mxb[i]-p[01], [knm] 0.20 m blade root Myb[i]-p[01] Mxb[i]-p[02], [knm] m blade cross section Myb[i]-p[02] tip displ. flap[i] [mm] m blade tip tip displ. lag[i] [mm] m blade tip R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 10

11 4 Results After the PhatasIV calculations the digital output files were converted in ASCI format with the Phatas postprocessor PHPOST.exe. PHPOST can convert 128 variables maximum per postprocessing run. Stentec B.V. s post processor ADAP was used to generate extreme values tables, statistics and for fatigue analysis 1Hz equivalent signals. The extreme values were extracted from all load cases of the ulitmate and fatigue load set. For the fatigue analysis only load cases 12 a/b, 18a/b and 24a/b were examined. These are considered to be the decisive load cases for optimalisation. 4.1 Maximum tower foot bending moment According IEC simulations are performed with the wind turbine idling at a windspeed (stochastic model) of 41.5 m/s. Each load case is calculated with a different wind direction. To improve the idling of the model, the pitch angle of the blades is set at 85º. The maximum resulting tower foot bending moments are: Table 8: Ultimate tower foot bending moments Variable Extreme Ldcase 2 Ldcase 3 Ldcase 4 Ldcase Mxt[01] E E E E50315 Myt[01] E E E E50195 all values in knm, load factor = 1.00 The load case E50335 generates the highest tower foot bending moment. This load case is repeated 8 times, but for each load case a different stochastic model is used. The maximum tower bending moments are: Table 9: Ultimate tower foot bending moments Variable Mxt[01] Myt[01] all values in knm, load factor = 1.00 From these values it can be determined that the mean maximum tower foot bending moment Mxt[01] is: knm. It has to be noted that this value is not the absolute highest value. When looking at the extreme values tables load case GrEog1Voc generates the highest tower foot bending moment Myt[01], which is knm (with = 1.00). For a plot of this loadcase see Appendix C. R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 11

12 4.2 Extreme tables Of the most important design parameters the extreme values are: Table 10: All parameters, absolute extreme values. without with Variable Unit Extreme Loadcase Extreme Loadcase Mxt[01] knm E E Myt[01] knm GrEog1Voc GrEog1Voc Mxt[02] knm PrloVe1k PrloVe1k Myt[02] knm EcdVrb EcdVrb Mxn knm PrloVe1h EmShVr Myn knm EcdVrb EcdVrb Mzn knm Sh2bVr EcdVrb Mxn-r knm PrloVe1h EmShVr Myn-r knm EcdVrb EcdVrb Mzn-r knm EcdVrb EcdVrb Fxn kn Eog50Vr Eog50Vr Fyn kn E E Fzn kn E E50165 Mxb[1] knm E E Myb[1] knm EcdVrb EcdVrb Mxb[2] knm E E Myb[2] knm EcdVrb EcdVrb Mxb[3] knm E E50025 Myb[3] knm BfinVr Eog50_12 Mxb[1]-p[01] knm BfinVo GrEog1Vrb Mxb[1]-p[02] knm E E50275 Mxb[2]-p[01] knm EcdVrb EcdVrb Mxb[2]-p[02] knm EcdVrb EcdVrb Mxb[3]-p[01] knm GrEog1Voc GrEog1Voc Mxb[3]-p[02] knm GrEog1Voc GrEog1Voc Myb[1]-p[01] knm Eog50_ Eog50_12 Myb[1]-p[02] knm Eog50_ Eog50_12 Myb[2]-p[01] knm BfinVr EcdVrb Myb[2]-p[02] knm EcdVrb EcdVrb Myb[3]-p[01] knm BfinVr EcdVrb Myb[3]-p[02] knm BfinVr Eog50Vr Tip displ. flap[1] mm EcdVrb Tip displ. flap[2] mm EcdVrb Tip displ. flap[3] mm Eog50Vo Tip displ. lag[1] mm E Tip displ. lag[2] mm E50025 Tip displ. lag[3] mm E R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 12

13 4.3 1 Hz equivalent signals Of the fatigue load set the following load cases are selected for the optimalisation process: 012, 018, and 024. The most important design parameters are analysed by rain flow counting the signal for damage assessment and the determination of a 1 Hz equivalent signal. This procedure will be repeated for design variations. By comparing values conclusions can be made about the improvement of the design. The results of the calculations of the base line are presented in the following table: R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 13

14 Table 11: 1 Hz equivalent signals. 1Hz equivalent values Variable unit matl curve loadcase 012 loadcase 018 loadcase 024 Fxn kn M Fyn kn M Fzn kn M Mxn knm M Mxn-r knm M Myn knm M Myn-r knm M Mzn knm M Mzn-r knm M Mxb[1] knm M Mxb[1]-p[01] knm M Mxb[1]-p[02] knm M Mxb[2] knm M Mxb[2]-p[01] knm M Mxb[2]-p[02] knm M Mxb[3] knm M Mxb[3]-p[01] knm M Mxb[3]-p[02] knm M Myb[1] knm M Myb[1]-p[01] knm M Myb[1]-p[02] knm M Myb[2] knm M Myb[2]-p[01] knm M Myb[2]-p[02] knm M Myb[3] knm M Myb[3]-p[01] knm M Myb[3]-p[02] knm M Mzb[1] knm M Mzb[1]-p[01] knm M Mzb[1]-p[02] knm M Mzb[2] knm M Mzb[2]-p[01] knm M Mzb[2]-p[02] knm M Mzb[3] knm M Mzb[3]-p[01] knm M Mzb[3]-p[02] knm M Mxt[01] knm M Mxt[02] knm M Myt[02] knm M Myt[01] knm M Mzt[01] knm M Mzt[02] knm M R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 14

15 5 Design variations. By altering Phatas IV input files and/or executables by ECN and Stentec, design variations are created. These are compared with the baseline DOWEC turbine. Not the whole load set is used, but just the load cases that have caused the highest loads. The following load cases are chosen to calculate the design variations: 012, 018, 024, 1B-5Vo, E50025, E50335, EcdVrb, Eog50-12, GrEog1Voc. 5.1 Cost of energy. To clarify the results, the cost of energy per design is calculated according ref. [9], chapter 5. The cost of a wind turbine can be broken down in cost per component. Important design (and cost) drivers of a component are the extreme and fatigue loads it has to withstand. A further break down is achieved by weighing the several loads. By comparing load changes with the baseline configuration an estimation can be made about the change in cost of the wind turbine. Table 12: Influence of parameters on wind turbine cost. cost of wind turbine component (%) design driver load parameter blade 6 gearbox 5 tower 16 component cost contribution (%) extreme flat moment Myb[1]-p[01] fatigue edge moment 1Hz-Mxb[2]-p[01] average torque Mxn mean extreme tilt moment foot Myt[01] fatigue tilt moment top 1Hz-Myt[02] contribution to wind turbine cost (%) If the change in annual yield is known as well, the cost of energy can be calculated by dividing the wind turbine cost by the yield: Influence of design variation on cost of energy = (change in wind turbine cost) (change in annual yield) It must be noted that these variations are one dimensional and therefore very crude. For example a tip speed variation would be more effective with a blade design adapted to that speed. But in this case the only change is the tip speed. The results should not be judged for their values, but used as a guideline to further develop the 6MW DOWEC. 5.2 Structural pitch. By changing the position and rotation of the girders in the blades, the stiffness properties are changed. The changed behaviour of the blades should result in smaller tip deflection and a decrease of fatigue and extreme loads. 4 redesigns (ref [10]) are calculated : tr+5-5, girders 0.5 o rotated, at tip girder suction side 0.5m to aft and girder pressure side 0.5 m forward. tt+5, girders 0.5 o rotated, at tip girder suction side and girder pressure side 0.5 m aft. R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 15

16 tt+5-5, girders 0.5 o rotated, at root girder suction side 0.5m forward and girder pressure side 0.5 m aft. tt-5+5, girders 0.5 o rotated, at root girder suction side 0.5m to aft and girder pressure side 0.5 m forward. The modified turbine models are tested with load cases 008, 012, 018 and 024, 231 and 234. Load case 231 is a stochastic windspeed of 12 m/s with 20 o yaw, 234 a stochastic windspeed of 25 m/s with 20 o yaw. To prevent interference of the blades with the turbine, the dynamic behaviour of the tower has been switched off. Also the baseline loadcases have been recalculated with tower dynamics off. This explains the difference in baseline loads in the table below, compared to the other variations.the results of the simulations are stored on CD C45.04/01.03/03. The extreme and fatigue tables can be found in Appendix D as well Cost of energy. The calculation of the cost of energy can only be based on the fatigue and extreme loads of the blades. Gearbox loads, tower loads and energy production are not taken into account because the aerodynamics of the blades are not changed and the tower dynamics are off. Therefore it is assumed that these parameters have not changed. Based on the changed loads the results in relative turbine costs are as follows: Table 13: Structural pitch, cost of energy. blade parameter baseline tt-5+5 relative turbine costs tr+5-5 relative turbine costs tt+5 relative turbine costs tt+5-5 relative turbine costs knm % % % % % % % % Myb[1]-p[01] Hz-Mxb[1]-p[01] total 0.03 total 0.04 total 0.02 total The influence of the design variations on the cost of energy is similar to the relative turbine costs. R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 16

17 5.3 Tower eigenfrequencies. The influence of the tower eigenfrequencies on the turbine behaviour is investigated by creating 8 new tower models with the following eigenfrequencies: 0.150, 0.175, 0.200, 0.225, 0.250, 0.300, and Hz. The clamping stiffness and material properties of the baseline tower were modified iteratively to alter the eigenfrequency. The frequencies were calculated with Phatas IV. The results of the load case calculations can be found on CD C45.04/01.03/03. The extreme and fatigue tables can be found in Appendix E as well Cost of energy. Compared to the baseline gearbox loads and annual energy production have not changed. Only blade and tower loads were used to determine the change in turbine costs. When comparing the towers the following table can be made: Table 14: Tower eigenfrequencies, cost of energy. relative turbine costs relative turbine costs relative turbine costs relative turbine costs parameter baseline twrfreq twrfreq twrfreq twrfreq blade knm % % % % % % % % Myb[1]-p[01] Hz-Mxb[2]-p[01] tower Myt[01] Hz-Myt[02] total total total total relative turbine costs relative turbine costs relative turbine costs relative turbine costs parameter baseline twrfreq twrfreq twrfreq twrfreq blade knm % % % % % % % % Myb[1]-p[01] Hz-Mxb[2]-p[01] tower Myt[01] Hz-Myt[02] total total total total The influence of the design variations on the cost of energy is similar to the relative turbine costs. What this table doesn t show is a resonance of the tower with the e.f. The 1P oscillation happens at * 60 = 12rpm. Since this is very close to the nominal rpm of rpm, considerable fatigue damage is the result. The DOWEC wind turbine cuts out at 14rpm, so the lowest possible tower e.f. should be above 14 / 60 = 0.233Hz. R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 17

18 Plots in Appendix I show the behaviour of several towers. 5.4 Turbine control. Three alternative controls are modelled (ref. [11]) and calculated, a High Tip Speed (HTS), Low Tip Speed (LTS) and a Peak Shave (PS) control. The HTS turbine runs with a nominal speed of rpm at Vr=11.7 m/s. The LTS turbine runs with rpm at Vr=12.3 m/s. The first eigenfrequency of the tower of the HTS control turbine is increased from to Hz. This will prevent undesired excitations due to the higher nominal speed. The PS control does not change the rpm, but limits the maximum axial force on the hub in this case by opening the blade pitch 2 degrees at Vr. The design of the PS control is based on ref. [15]. The results of the load case calculations can be found on CD C45.04/01.03/03. The extreme and fatigue tables can be found in Appendix F as well Cost of energy. For the cost of energy of the HTS and LTS control the average gearbox torque and the annual production is calculated. The average gearbox torque is determined by calculating the average torque of the generator power curve from the Phatas input file DowecHTS.inp and DowecLTS.inp. Phatas IV is used to create a PV curve of the HTS and LTS control. Consequently with the Phatas post processing program Eprod the annual production is calculated. The results are presented in the table below. Table 15: HTS and LTS control, cost of energy. High Tip Speed control relative turbine costs Low Tip Speed control relative turbine costs parameter baseline Blade knm % % % % Myb[1]-p[01] Hz-Mxb[2]-p[01] gearbox Mxn mean tower Myt[01] Hz-Myt[02] total 0.24 total annual production baseline HTS change (%) LTS change (%) Gwh HTS control, change in cost of energy (%) LTS control, change in cost of energy (%) 1.47 R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 18

19 For the PS control the generator torque table is not changed. Therefore only the blade- and tower parameters and the annual production is taken into account for the calculation of the cost of energy. The results are presented in the table below. Table 16, PS control, cost of energy. parameter baseline Peak Shave control relative turbine costs Blade knm % % Myb[1]-p[01] Hz-Mxb[2]-p[01] Tower Myt[01] Hz-Myt[02] total annual production baseline PS change (%) Gwh PS control, change in cost of energy (%) 1.44 It was expected that the PS control would give greater benefits. Analysis of the load cases and the results show that the axial force (Fxn) is only reduced with 6.10% at loadcase 12PS, compared to the baseline loadcase 12. When running a simple test loadcase with a linear changing wind from 4 to 25 m/s, the Fxn at Vr is even higher than that of the base line as can be seen in Appendix J. It must be concluded that the present peak shave control for the 6MW DOWEC does not work properly. It must be revised and tested prior to drawing conclusions. R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 19

20 5.5 Tapered blade. ECN has designed a blade with more taper than the baseline blade, ref [12]. The cone angle is changed to 2.4 o. The input file DowecR6.inp is revised to reflect the new blade design. The turbine control is the same as the baseline. The results of the load case calculations can be found on CD C45.04/01.03/03. The extreme and fatigue tables can be found in Appendix G as well Cost of energy. The blade- and tower parameters and the annual production are taken into account for the calculation of the cost of energy. The average gearbox torque is similar to the baseline. It does not have an effect on the cost of energy. The results are presented in the table below. Table 17, Tapered blade, cost of energy. parameter baseline Tapered blade relative turbine costs blade knm % % Myb[1]-p[01] Hz-Mxb[2]-p[01] tower Myt[01] Hz-Myt[02] total annual production baseline Tapered blade change (%) Gwh Tapered blade, change in cost of energy R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 20

21 5.6 Low Lambda control. With the Low Lambda control (LL) the rated (wished) rotorspeed changes with the magnitude of the wind. At high wind the rotorspeed is lower than for example at Vr. This will decrease fatigue damage, but also makes it possible to keep the wind turbine in operation at windspeeds higher than Vo (baseline). An other option is to investigate the effects of an increased rated rotorspeed from Vi until Vr. For this design variation no new turbine control is programmed, but output from the turbine control variations (par. 5.4) has been used to create new load sets. The following load sets have been created: Table 18: Load sets contents baseline loadcase occurrence(%) mean windspeed P mean [kw] Low Lambda 1 loadcase occurrence(%) mean windspeed P mean [kw] LTS LTS LL Low Lambda 2 loadcase occurrence(%) mean windspeed P mean [kw] LTS LL Low Lambda 3 loadcase occurrence(%) mean windspeed P mean [kw] 012HTS LL Low Lambda 4 loadcase occurrence(%) mean windspeed P mean [kw] 012HTS HTS LL Low Lambda 5 loadcase occurrence(%) mean windspeed P mean [kw] 012HTS LTS LL R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 21

22 The standard load cases apply to a rotorspeed of rpm, the LTS (Low Tip Speed) load cases rpm and the HTS (High Tip Speed) loadcases to rpm. For this Low Lambda analysis load case 027LL was generated to assess the fatigue damage of a LTS turbine at a stochastic windspeed of 27 m/s (wished rotorspeed at rpm). The occurrence of the load case is based on a Rayleigh distribution with a Vm of 9.2 m/s. The P mean is the average generator power of the load case and is used to calculate the yearly production. The results of the load case calculations can be found on CD C45.04/01.03/03. The 1Hz equivalent fatigue tables can be found in Appendix H as well Cost of energy. The blade- and tower parameters and the annual production are taken into account for the calculation of the cost of energy. The annual production is calculated by ADAP using the occurance and mean power from table 18. The average gearbox torque could not be used, since the rotorspeed-shaft torque table differs per loadcase. Also extreme values are not available because the loadsets consisted only of fatigue loadcases. The results are presented in the table below. Table 19: Cost of energy Low Lambda control variations. Low Lambda 1 change in Low Lambda change in Low Lambda 3 change in Low Lambda 4 change in Low Lambda 5 change in 100% loadcase change cost 2 change cost change cost change cost change cost blade knm % % % % % % % % % % Myb[i]-p[01] Eog50-12 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1Hz-Mxb[i]-p[01] all gearbox Mxn mean n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. tower Myt[01] GrEog1Voc n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1Hz-Myt[02] all total total total 0.05 total 0.15 total 0.02 annual production baseline LL1 change (%) LL2 change (%) LL3 change (%) LL4 change (%) LL5 change (%) MWh LL1 loadset, influence on cost of energy 0.42 LL2 loadset, influence on cost of energy 0.04 LL3 loadset, influence on cost of energy 2.76 LL4 loadset, influence on cost of energy 3.17 LL5 loadset, influence on cost of energy 2.92 Based on the simplified Low Lambda load sets and the cost of energy model, it can be concluded that only LL1 has a reasonable decrease in fatigue damage. But because the annual production is lower, the cost of energy increases. LL3 to LL5 even cause more fatigue damage than the baseline while production is lower than the baseline. R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 22

23 6 Conclusion. Based on the turbine description of ECN ref. [3] a PhatasIV load set has been generated. With the results of this final load set the components of the turbine can be checked by NEG Micon or ECN for ultimate and fatigue loads according to the IEC and DNV regulations. From the results of the load cases it is shown that the turbine behaviour is conform the load set description given by NEG Micon ref. [2]. But the extreme loads are not in accordance with the expectations. When table 10 is compared with ref. [13] it can be concluded that the maximum tower top tilt moment Myt[02] is 1.7 times higher than calculated statically. The highest tower bottom tilt moment Myt[01] is 2.5 times higher than expected. A possible cause for this large difference might be the ECN modelling that allows short generator overshoots while originally the 6MW was considered to be an absolute highest value. Key load cases are used to calculate DOWEC design variations. Of the most important parameters tables with extreme values and 1Hz equivalent signals can be found on CD C45.04/01.03/03. To make the large amount of data understandable, it has been used to calculate relative turbine costs and changes in cost of energy. It is shown that tower frequency and turbine control have the largest influence on the cost of energy. An increase or decrease in tower frequency of more than 0.1Hz, a lower tipspeed or the use of peak shaving will have a beneficial influence on the cost of energy of the 6MW DOWEC. R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 23

24 References. [1] Handbook Reporting and Communication Handbook Reporting and Communication Engineering consultancy Stentec B.V., March 2002, Report nr. R6.20/02..01/02, H.P. Haring, Stentec BV. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] Load set description DOWEC 6MW DOWEC 6 MW predesign Terms of Reference IEC ed. 2. Phatas-IV users manual ADAP manual B. Hendriks NM3000-LMH46-5 blade design H.J. Kooijman J.M. Peeringa Tapered LMH-64-5 blade Data6MWV2.doc DOWEC 6MW design overview Load set description DOWEC 6MW turbine DOWEC-F1W2-JP-02-62/00-P, version 0, , H.F. Veldkamp (NEG Micon), J.M. Peeringa (ECN). DOWEC 6 MW pre-design. Aero-elastic modelling of the DOWEC 6 MW pre-design in PHATAS. DOWEC-F1W2-HJK /2, ECN-CX-135, april 2002, H.J.T. Kooijman, C. Lindenburg, D. Winkelaar. Terms of reference DOWEC, Pre-EET number doc, 176-FG- R0300/V1, F. Goezinne IEC , second edition, PHATAS-IV user s manual, release jul-2001, draft, October 15, 2001, C. Lindenburg ADAP manual, R6.20/01.01/01, June 2002, B.F. Boersma,, Stentec B.V. DOWEC: load variations, , B. Hendriks, ECN Aerodynamic Parameter Sensitivity Study, ECN-C , May 2001, C. Lindenburg, E. Bot, H.B. Hendriks, ECN DOWEC 6MW, sensitivity analysis structural pitch, , H.J. Kooijman, ECN Alternatieve DOWEC regelingen, , J.M. Peeringa, ECN 6MW Blade Variant With Increased Taper, ECN-Wind DOWEC- Note, August 2002, C. Lindenburg, ECN Estimated data for 6MWe turbine with 129 m rotor diameter, , F. Goezinne, NEG Micon. DOWEC 6MW design overview, ,, Stentec B.V. [15] Ultieme Bladhoek Regeling Eindverslag van het UPC project, Stentec rapport R052.01/ , , W. Kuik, R.C. Wegerif, Stentec BV R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 24

25 Appendix A. Phatas file listing Overview used Phatas files Phatas file name file date phat6mw.exe phpost.exe blade_6mw_r5.inp DOWEC_6MW_R5.inp dowecr6.inp found_21m.inp defphat cylin cylin DU21_A DU25_A DU30_A DU35_A DU40_A NA64_A R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 25

26 Appendix C. Plot of loadcase GrEog1Voc. R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 31

27 Appendix D. Tables structural pitch. Structural pitch, absolute extreme values 25 m/s, 20 degr. yaw Ldcase: tt tr tt tt+5-5 Extreme Extreme Extreme Extreme Extreme Variable [knm] [knm] [knm] [knm] Mxb[1]-p[01] Mxb[1]-p[02] Mxb[1]-p[03] Mxb[2]-p[01] Mxb[2]-p[02] Mxb[2]-p[03] Mxb[3]-p[01] Mxb[3]-p[02] Mxb[3]-p[03] Myb[1]-p[01] Myb[1]-p[02] Myb[1]-p[03] Myb[2]-p[01] Myb[2]-p[02] Myb[2]-p[03] Myb[3]-p[01] Myb[3]-p[02] Myb[3]-p[03] Mxb[1] Mxb[2] Mxb[3] Myb[1] Myb[2] Myb[3] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] Tip displ. flap[1] Tip disp. flap[2] Tip disp. flap[3] Tip displ. lag[1] Tip displ. lag[2] Tip displ. lag[3] R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 32

28 Structural pitch, absolute extreme values 12 m/s, 20 degr. yaw Ldcase: tt tr tt tt+5-5 Extreme Extreme Extreme Extreme Extreme Variable [knm] [knm] [knm] [knm] [knm] Mxb[1]-p[01] Mxb[1]-p[02] Mxb[1]-p[03] Mxb[2]-p[01] Mxb[2]-p[02] Mxb[2]-p[03] Mxb[3]-p[01] Mxb[3]-p[02] Mxb[3]-p[03] Myb[1]-p[01] Myb[1]-p[02] Myb[1]-p[03] Myb[2]-p[01] Myb[2]-p[02] Myb[2]-p[03] Myb[3]-p[01] Myb[3]-p[02] Myb[3]-p[03] Mxb[1] Mxb[2] Mxb[3] Myb[1] Myb[2] Myb[3] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] Tip displ. flap[1] Tip disp. flap[2] Tip disp. flap[3] Tip displ. lag[1] Tip displ. lag[2] Tip displ. lag[3] R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 33

29 Structural pitch, absolute extreme values 24 m/s Ldcase: tt tr tt tt+5-5 Extreme Extreme Extreme Extreme Extreme Variable [knm] [knm] [knm] [knm] [knm] Mxb[1]-p[01] Mxb[1]-p[02] Mxb[1]-p[03] Mxb[2]-p[01] Mxb[2]-p[02] Mxb[2]-p[03] Mxb[3]-p[01] Mxb[3]-p[02] Mxb[3]-p[03] Myb[1]-p[01] Myb[1]-p[02] Myb[1]-p[03] Myb[2]-p[01] Myb[2]-p[02] Myb[2]-p[03] Myb[3]-p[01] Myb[3]-p[02] Myb[3]-p[03] Mxb[1] Mxb[2] Mxb[3] Myb[1] Myb[2] Myb[3] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] Tip displ. flap[1] Tip disp. flap[2] Tip disp. flap[3] Tip displ. lag[1] Tip displ. lag[2] Tip displ. lag[3] R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 34

30 Structural pitch, absolute extreme values 18 m/s Ldcase: tt tr tt tt+5-5 Extreme Extreme Extreme Extreme Extreme Variable [knm] [knm] [knm] [knm] [knm] Mxb[1]-p[01] Mxb[1]-p[02] Mxb[1]-p[03] Mxb[2]-p[01] Mxb[2]-p[02] Mxb[2]-p[03] Mxb[3]-p[01] Mxb[3]-p[02] Mxb[3]-p[03] Myb[1]-p[01] Myb[1]-p[02] Myb[1]-p[03] Myb[2]-p[01] Myb[2]-p[02] Myb[2]-p[03] Myb[3]-p[01] Myb[3]-p[02] Myb[3]-p[03] Mxb[1] Mxb[2] Mxb[3] Myb[1] Myb[2] Myb[3] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] Tip displ. flap[1] Tip disp. flap[2] Tip disp. flap[3] Tip displ. lag[1] Tip displ. lag[2] Tip displ. lag[3] R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 35

31 Structural pitch, absolute extreme values 12 m/s Ldcase: tt tr tt tt+5-5 Extreme Extreme Extreme Extreme Extreme Variable [knm] [knm] [knm] [knm] [knm] Mxb[1]-p[01] Mxb[1]-p[02] Mxb[1]-p[03] Mxb[2]-p[01] Mxb[2]-p[02] Mxb[2]-p[03] Mxb[3]-p[01] Mxb[3]-p[02] Mxb[3]-p[03] Myb[1]-p[01] Myb[1]-p[02] Myb[1]-p[03] Myb[2]-p[01] Myb[2]-p[02] Myb[2]-p[03] Myb[3]-p[01] Myb[3]-p[02] Myb[3]-p[03] Mxb[1] Mxb[2] Mxb[3] Myb[1] Myb[2] Myb[3] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] Tip displ. flap[1] Tip disp. flap[2] Tip disp. flap[3] Tip displ. lag[1] Tip displ. lag[2] Tip displ. lag[3] R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 36

32 Structural pitch, absolute extreme values 8 m/s Ldcase: tt tr tt tt+5-5 Extreme Extreme Extreme Extreme Extreme Variable [knm] [knm] [knm] [knm] [knm] Mxb[1]-p[01] Mxb[1]-p[02] Mxb[1]-p[03] Mxb[2]-p[01] Mxb[2]-p[02] Mxb[2]-p[03] Mxb[3]-p[01] Mxb[3]-p[02] Mxb[3]-p[03] Myb[1]-p[01] Myb[1]-p[02] Myb[1]-p[03] Myb[2]-p[01] Myb[2]-p[02] Myb[2]-p[03] Myb[3]-p[01] Myb[3]-p[02] Myb[3]-p[03] Mxb[1] Mxb[2] Mxb[3] Myb[1] Myb[2] Myb[3] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] Tip displ. flap[1] Tip disp. flap[2] Tip disp. flap[3] Tip displ. lag[1] Tip displ. lag[2] Tip displ. lag[3] R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 37

33 Structural pitch, 1 Hz equivalent values 24 m/s Ldcase tt tr tt tt+5-5 Variable [knm] [knm] [knm] [knm] [knm] Mxb[1]-p[01] Mxb[1]-p[02] Mxb[1]-p[03] Mxb[2]-p[01] Mxb[2]-p[02] Mxb[2]-p[03] Mxb[3]-p[01] Mxb[3]-p[02] Mxb[3]-p[03] Myb[1]-p[01] Myb[1]-p[02] Myb[1]-p[03] Myb[2]-p[01] Myb[2]-p[02] Myb[2]-p[03] Myb[3]-p[01] Myb[3]-p[02] Myb[3]-p[03] Mxb[1] Mxb[2] Mxb[3] Myb[1] Myb[2] Myb[3] Material M10 K100 R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 38

34 Structural pitch, 1 Hz equivalent values 18 m/s Ldcase tt tr tt tt+5-5 Variable [knm] [knm] [knm] [knm] [knm] Mxb[1]-p[01] Mxb[1]-p[02] Mxb[1]-p[03] Mxb[2]-p[01] Mxb[2]-p[02] Mxb[2]-p[03] Mxb[3]-p[01] Mxb[3]-p[02] Mxb[3]-p[03] Myb[1]-p[01] Myb[1]-p[02] Myb[1]-p[03] Myb[2]-p[01] Myb[2]-p[02] Myb[2]-p[03] Myb[3]-p[01] Myb[3]-p[02] Myb[3]-p[03] Mxb[1] Mxb[2] Mxb[3] Myb[1] Myb[2] Myb[3] Material M10 K100 R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 39

35 Structural pitch, 1 Hz equivalent values 12 m/s Ldcase tt tr tt tt+5-5 Variable [knm] [knm] [knm] [knm] [knm] Mxb[1]-p[01] Mxb[1]-p[02] Mxb[1]-p[03] Mxb[2]-p[01] Mxb[2]-p[02] Mxb[2]-p[03] Mxb[3]-p[01] Mxb[3]-p[02] Mxb[3]-p[03] Myb[1]-p[01] Myb[1]-p[02] Myb[1]-p[03] Myb[2]-p[01] Myb[2]-p[02] Myb[2]-p[03] Myb[3]-p[01] Myb[3]-p[02] Myb[3]-p[03] Mxb[1] Mxb[2] Mxb[3] Myb[1] Myb[2] Myb[3] Material M10 K100 R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 40

36 Appendix E. Tables tower frequencies Tower frequencies, absolute extreme values 1B-5Vo Variable unit baseline _150 % _175 % _200 % _225 % _250 % _300 % _350 % _400 % Fxn kn Fyn kn Fzn kn Mxn knm Mxn-r knm Myn knm Myn-r knm Mzn knm Mzn-r knm Mxb[1] knm Mxb[1]-p[01] knm Mxb[1]-p[02] knm Mxb[2] knm Mxb[2]-p[01] knm Mxb[2]-p[02] knm Mxb[3] knm Mxb[3]-p[01] knm Mxb[3]-p[02] knm Myb[1] knm Myb[1]-p[01] knm Myb[1]-p[02] knm Myb[2] knm Myb[2]-p[01] knm Myb[2]-p[02] knm Myb[3] knm Myb[3]-p[01] knm Myb[3]-p[02] knm Mzb[1] knm Mzb[1]-p[01] knm Mzb[1]-p[02] knm Mzb[2] knm Mzb[2]-p[01] knm Mzb[2]-p[02] knm Mzb[3] knm Mzb[3]-p[01] knm Mzb[3]-p[02] knm Mxt[01] knm Mxt[02] knm Myt[02] knm Myt[01] knm Mzt[01] knm Mzt[02] knm Tip displ. flap[1] mm Tip disp. flap[2] mm Tip disp. flap[3] mm Tip displ. lag[1] mm Tip displ. lag[2] mm Tip displ. lag[3] mm X-defl[01] mm X-defl[02] mm Y-defl[01] mm Y-defl[02] mm R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 41

37 Tower frequencies, absolute extreme values EcdVrb Variable unit baseline _150 % _175 % _200 % _225 % _250 % _300 % _350 % _400 % Fxn kn Fyn kn Fzn kn Mxn knm Mxn-r knm Myn knm Myn-r knm Mzn knm Mzn-r knm Mxb[1] knm Mxb[1]-p[01] knm Mxb[1]-p[02] knm Mxb[2] knm Mxb[2]-p[01] knm Mxb[2]-p[02] knm Mxb[3] knm Mxb[3]-p[01] knm Mxb[3]-p[02] knm Myb[1] knm Myb[1]-p[01] knm Myb[1]-p[02] knm Myb[2] knm Myb[2]-p[01] knm Myb[2]-p[02] knm Myb[3] knm Myb[3]-p[01] knm Myb[3]-p[02] knm Mzb[1] knm Mzb[1]-p[01] knm Mzb[1]-p[02] knm Mzb[2] knm Mzb[2]-p[01] knm Mzb[2]-p[02] knm Mzb[3] knm Mzb[3]-p[01] knm Mzb[3]-p[02] knm Mxt[01] knm Mxt[02] knm Myt[02] knm Myt[01] knm Mzt[01] knm Mzt[02] knm Tip displ. flap[1] mm Tip disp. flap[2] mm Tip disp. flap[3] mm Tip displ. lag[1] mm Tip displ. lag[2] mm Tip displ. lag[3] mm X-defl[01] mm X-defl[02] mm Y-defl[01] mm Y-defl[02] mm R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 42

38 Tower frequencies, absolute extreme values Eog50_12 Variable unit baseline _150 % _175 % _200 % _225 % _250 % _300 % _350 % _400 % Fxn kn Fyn kn Fzn kn Mxn knm Mxn-r knm Myn knm Myn-r knm Mzn knm Mzn-r knm Mxb[1] knm Mxb[1]-p[01] knm Mxb[1]-p[02] knm Mxb[2] knm Mxb[2]-p[01] knm Mxb[2]-p[02] knm Mxb[3] knm Mxb[3]-p[01] knm Mxb[3]-p[02] knm Myb[1] knm Myb[1]-p[01] knm Myb[1]-p[02] knm Myb[2] knm Myb[2]-p[01] knm Myb[2]-p[02] knm Myb[3] knm Myb[3]-p[01] knm Myb[3]-p[02] knm Mzb[1] knm Mzb[1]-p[01] knm Mzb[1]-p[02] knm Mzb[2] knm Mzb[2]-p[01] knm Mzb[2]-p[02] knm Mzb[3] knm Mzb[3]-p[01] knm Mzb[3]-p[02] knm Mxt[01] knm Mxt[02] knm Myt[02] knm Myt[01] knm Mzt[01] knm Mzt[02] knm Tip displ. flap[1] mm Tip disp. flap[2] mm Tip disp. flap[3] mm Tip displ. lag[1] mm Tip displ. lag[2] mm Tip displ. lag[3] mm X-defl[01] mm X-defl[02] mm Y-defl[01] mm Y-defl[02] mm R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 43

39 Tower frequencies, absolute extreme values GrEog1Voc Variable unit baseline _150 % _175 % _200 % _225 % _250 % _300 % _350 % _400 % Fxn kn Fyn kn Fzn kn Mxn knm Mxn-r knm Myn knm Myn-r knm Mzn knm Mzn-r knm Mxb[1] knm Mxb[1]-p[01] knm Mxb[1]-p[02] knm Mxb[2] knm Mxb[2]-p[01] knm Mxb[2]-p[02] knm Mxb[3] knm Mxb[3]-p[01] knm Mxb[3]-p[02] knm Myb[1] knm Myb[1]-p[01] knm Myb[1]-p[02] knm Myb[2] knm Myb[2]-p[01] knm Myb[2]-p[02] knm Myb[3] knm Myb[3]-p[01] knm Myb[3]-p[02] knm Mzb[1] knm Mzb[1]-p[01] knm Mzb[1]-p[02] knm Mzb[2] knm Mzb[2]-p[01] knm Mzb[2]-p[02] knm Mzb[3] knm Mzb[3]-p[01] knm Mzb[3]-p[02] knm Mxt[01] knm Mxt[02] knm Myt[02] knm Myt[01] knm Mzt[01] knm Mzt[02] knm Tip displ. flap[1] mm Tip disp. flap[2] mm Tip disp. flap[3] mm Tip displ. lag[1] mm Tip displ. lag[2] mm Tip displ. lag[3] mm X-defl[01] mm X-defl[02] mm Y-defl[01] mm Y-defl[02] mm R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 44

40 Tower frequencies, absolute extreme values E50025 Variable unit baseline _150 % _175 % _200 % _225 % _250 % _300 % _350 % _400 % Fxn kn Fyn kn Fzn kn Mxn knm Mxn-r knm Myn knm Myn-r knm Mzn knm Mzn-r knm Mxb[1] knm Mxb[1]-p[01] knm Mxb[1]-p[02] knm Mxb[2] knm Mxb[2]-p[01] knm Mxb[2]-p[02] knm Mxb[3] knm Mxb[3]-p[01] knm Mxb[3]-p[02] knm Myb[1] knm Myb[1]-p[01] knm Myb[1]-p[02] knm Myb[2] knm Myb[2]-p[01] knm Myb[2]-p[02] knm Myb[3] knm Myb[3]-p[01] knm Myb[3]-p[02] knm Mzb[1] knm Mzb[1]-p[01] knm Mzb[1]-p[02] knm Mzb[2] knm Mzb[2]-p[01] knm Mzb[2]-p[02] knm Mzb[3] knm Mzb[3]-p[01] knm Mzb[3]-p[02] knm Mxt[01] knm Mxt[02] knm Myt[02] knm Myt[01] knm Mzt[01] knm Mzt[02] knm Tip displ. flap[1] mm Tip disp. flap[2] mm Tip disp. flap[3] mm Tip displ. lag[1] mm Tip displ. lag[2] mm Tip displ. lag[3] mm X-defl[01] mm X-defl[02] mm Y-defl[01] mm Y-defl[02] mm R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 45

41 Tower frequencies, absolute extreme values E50335 Variable unit baseline _150 % _175 % _200 % _225 % _250 % _300 % _350 % _400 % Fxn kn Fyn kn Fzn kn Mxn knm Mxn-r knm Myn knm Myn-r knm Mzn knm Mzn-r knm Mxb[1] knm Mxb[1]-p[01] knm Mxb[1]-p[02] knm Mxb[2] knm Mxb[2]-p[01] knm Mxb[2]-p[02] knm Mxb[3] knm Mxb[3]-p[01] knm Mxb[3]-p[02] knm Myb[1] knm Myb[1]-p[01] knm Myb[1]-p[02] knm Myb[2] knm Myb[2]-p[01] knm Myb[2]-p[02] knm Myb[3] knm Myb[3]-p[01] knm Myb[3]-p[02] knm Mzb[1] knm Mzb[1]-p[01] knm Mzb[1]-p[02] knm Mzb[2] knm Mzb[2]-p[01] knm Mzb[2]-p[02] knm Mzb[3] knm Mzb[3]-p[01] knm Mzb[3]-p[02] knm Mxt[01] knm Mxt[02] knm Myt[02] knm Myt[01] knm Mzt[01] knm Mzt[02] knm Tip displ. flap[1] mm Tip disp. flap[2] mm Tip disp. flap[3] mm Tip displ. lag[1] mm Tip displ. lag[2] mm Tip displ. lag[3] mm X-defl[01] mm X-defl[02] mm Y-defl[01] mm Y-defl[02] mm R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 46

42 Tower frequencies, 1Hz equivalent values 24 m/s Variable unit mat. curve bline % % % % % % % % Fxn kn M Fyn kn M Fzn kn M Mxn knm M Mxn-r knm M Myn knm M Myn-r knm M Mzn knm M Mzn-r knm M Mxb[1] knm M Mxb[1]-p[01] knm M Mxb[1]-p[02] knm M Mxb[2] knm M Mxb[2]-p[01] knm M Mxb[2]-p[02] knm M Mxb[3] knm M Mxb[3]-p[01] knm M Mxb[3]-p[02] knm M Myb[1] knm M Myb[1]-p[01] knm M Myb[1]-p[02] knm M Myb[2] knm M Myb[2]-p[01] knm M Myb[2]-p[02] knm M Myb[3] knm M Myb[3]-p[01] knm M Myb[3]-p[02] knm M Mzb[1] knm M Mzb[1]-p[01] knm M Mzb[1]-p[02] knm M Mzb[2] knm M Mzb[2]-p[01] knm M Mzb[2]-p[02] knm M Mzb[3] knm M Mzb[3]-p[01] knm M Mzb[3]-p[02] knm M Mxt[01] knm M Mxt[02] knm M Myt[02] knm M Myt[01] knm M Mzt[01] knm M Mzt[02] knm M R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 47

43 Tower frequencies, 1Hz equivalent values 18 m/s Variable unit matl curve bline % % % % % % % % Fxn kn M Fyn kn M Fzn kn M Mxn knm M Mxn-r knm M Myn knm M Myn-r knm M Mzn knm M Mzn-r knm M Mxb[1] knm M Mxb[1]-p[01] knm M Mxb[1]-p[02] knm M Mxb[2] knm M Mxb[2]-p[01] knm M Mxb[2]-p[02] knm M Mxb[3] knm M Mxb[3]-p[01] knm M Mxb[3]-p[02] knm M Myb[1] knm M Myb[1]-p[01] knm M Myb[1]-p[02] knm M Myb[2] knm M Myb[2]-p[01] knm M Myb[2]-p[02] knm M Myb[3] knm M Myb[3]-p[01] knm M Myb[3]-p[02] knm M Mzb[1] knm M Mzb[1]-p[01] knm M Mzb[1]-p[02] knm M Mzb[2] knm M Mzb[2]-p[01] knm M Mzb[2]-p[02] knm M Mzb[3] knm M Mzb[3]-p[01] knm M Mzb[3]-p[02] knm M Mxt[01] knm M Mxt[02] knm M Myt[02] knm M Myt[01] knm M Mzt[01] knm M Mzt[02] knm M R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 48

44 Tower frequencies, 1Hz equivalent values 12 m/s Variable unit matl curve bline % % % % % % % % Fxn kn M Fyn kn M Fzn kn M Mxn knm M Mxn-r knm M Myn knm M Myn-r knm M Mzn knm M Mzn-r knm M Mxb[1] knm M Mxb[1]-p[01] knm M Mxb[1]-p[02] knm M Mxb[2] knm M Mxb[2]-p[01] knm M Mxb[2]-p[02] knm M Mxb[3] knm M Mxb[3]-p[01] knm M Mxb[3]-p[02] knm M Myb[1] knm M Myb[1]-p[01] knm M Myb[1]-p[02] knm M Myb[2] knm M Myb[2]-p[01] knm M Myb[2]-p[02] knm M Myb[3] knm M Myb[3]-p[01] knm M Myb[3]-p[02] knm M Mzb[1] knm M Mzb[1]-p[01] knm M Mzb[1]-p[02] knm M Mzb[2] knm M Mzb[2]-p[01] knm M Mzb[2]-p[02] knm M Mzb[3] knm M Mzb[3]-p[01] knm M Mzb[3]-p[02] knm M Mxt[01] knm M Mxt[02] knm M Myt[02] knm M Myt[01] knm M Mzt[01] knm M Mzt[02] knm M R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 49

45 Appendix F. Tables pitch control. Pitch control, absolute extreme values 1B-5Vo Variable Unit baseline 1B-5VoHTS % 1B-5VoLTS % 1b5vo_PS % Fxn kn Fyn kn Fzn kn Mxn knm Mxn-r knm Myn knm Myn-r knm Mzn knm Mzn-r knm Mxb[1] knm Mxb[1]-p[01] knm Mxb[1]-p[02] knm Mxb[2] knm Mxb[2]-p[01] knm Mxb[2]-p[02] knm Mxb[3] knm Mxb[3]-p[01] knm Mxb[3]-p[02] knm Myb[1] knm Myb[1]-p[01] knm Myb[1]-p[02] knm Myb[2] knm Myb[2]-p[01] knm Myb[2]-p[02] knm Myb[3] knm Myb[3]-p[01] knm Myb[3]-p[02] knm Mzb[1] knm Mzb[1]-p[01] knm Mzb[1]-p[02] knm Mzb[2] knm Mzb[2]-p[01] knm Mzb[2]-p[02] knm Mzb[3] knm Mzb[3]-p[01] knm Mzb[3]-p[02] knm Mxt[01] knm Mxt[02] knm Myt[02] knm Myt[01] knm Mzt[01] knm Mzt[02] knm Tip displ. flap[1] mm Tip disp. flap[2] mm Tip disp. flap[3] mm Tip displ. lag[1] mm Tip displ. lag[2] mm Tip displ. lag[3] mm X-defl[01] mm X-defl[02] mm Y-defl[01] mm Y-defl[02] mm NOTE: 1B-5VoLTS brake_overspeed on 14.0 rpm to prevent early shut down R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 50

46 Pitch control, absolute extreme values E50025 Variable Unit baseline E50025HTS % E50025LTS % E50025_PS % Fxn kn Fyn kn Fzn kn Mxn knm Mxn-r knm Myn knm Myn-r knm Mzn knm Mzn-r knm Mxb[1] knm Mxb[1]-p[01] knm Mxb[1]-p[02] knm Mxb[2] knm Mxb[2]-p[01] knm Mxb[2]-p[02] knm Mxb[3] knm Mxb[3]-p[01] knm Mxb[3]-p[02] knm Myb[1] knm Myb[1]-p[01] knm Myb[1]-p[02] knm Myb[2] knm Myb[2]-p[01] knm Myb[2]-p[02] knm Myb[3] knm Myb[3]-p[01] knm Myb[3]-p[02] knm Mzb[1] knm Mzb[1]-p[01] knm Mzb[1]-p[02] knm Mzb[2] knm Mzb[2]-p[01] knm Mzb[2]-p[02] knm Mzb[3] knm Mzb[3]-p[01] knm Mzb[3]-p[02] knm Mxt[01] knm Mxt[02] knm Myt[02] knm Myt[01] knm Mzt[01] knm Mzt[02] knm Tip displ. flap[1] mm Tip disp. flap[2] mm Tip disp. flap[3] mm Tip displ. lag[1] mm Tip displ. lag[2] mm Tip displ. lag[3] mm X-defl[01] mm X-defl[02] mm Y-defl[01] mm Y-defl[02] mm R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 51

47 Pitch control, absolute extreme values E50335 Variable Unit baseline E50335HTS % E50335LTS % E50335_PS % Fxn kn Fyn kn Fzn kn Mxn knm Mxn-r knm Myn knm Myn-r knm Mzn knm Mzn-r knm Mxb[1] knm Mxb[1]-p[01] knm Mxb[1]-p[02] knm Mxb[2] knm Mxb[2]-p[01] knm Mxb[2]-p[02] knm Mxb[3] knm Mxb[3]-p[01] knm Mxb[3]-p[02] knm Myb[1] knm Myb[1]-p[01] knm Myb[1]-p[02] knm Myb[2] knm Myb[2]-p[01] knm Myb[2]-p[02] knm Myb[3] knm Myb[3]-p[01] knm Myb[3]-p[02] knm Mzb[1] knm Mzb[1]-p[01] knm Mzb[1]-p[02] knm Mzb[2] knm Mzb[2]-p[01] knm Mzb[2]-p[02] knm Mzb[3] knm Mzb[3]-p[01] knm Mzb[3]-p[02] knm Mxt[01] knm Mxt[02] knm Myt[02] knm Myt[01] knm Mzt[01] knm Mzt[02] knm Tip displ. flap[1] mm Tip disp. flap[2] mm Tip disp. flap[3] mm Tip displ. lag[1] mm Tip displ. lag[2] mm Tip displ. lag[3] mm X-defl[01] mm X-defl[02] mm Y-defl[01] mm Y-defl[02] mm R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 52

48 Pitch control, absolute extreme values EcdVrb Variable Unit baseline EcdVrbHTS % EcdVrbLTS % EcdVrb_PS % Fxn kn Fyn kn Fzn kn Mxn knm Mxn-r knm Myn knm Myn-r knm Mzn knm Mzn-r knm Mxb[1] knm Mxb[1]-p[01] knm Mxb[1]-p[02] knm Mxb[2] knm Mxb[2]-p[01] knm Mxb[2]-p[02] knm Mxb[3] knm Mxb[3]-p[01] knm Mxb[3]-p[02] knm Myb[1] knm Myb[1]-p[01] knm Myb[1]-p[02] knm Myb[2] knm Myb[2]-p[01] knm Myb[2]-p[02] knm Myb[3] knm Myb[3]-p[01] knm Myb[3]-p[02] knm Mzb[1] knm Mzb[1]-p[01] knm Mzb[1]-p[02] knm Mzb[2] knm Mzb[2]-p[01] knm Mzb[2]-p[02] knm Mzb[3] knm Mzb[3]-p[01] knm Mzb[3]-p[02] knm Mxt[01] knm Mxt[02] knm Myt[02] knm Myt[01] knm Mzt[01] knm Mzt[02] knm Tip displ. flap[1] mm Tip disp. flap[2] mm Tip disp. flap[3] mm Tip displ. lag[1] mm Tip displ. lag[2] mm Tip displ. lag[3] mm X-defl[01] mm X-defl[02] mm Y-defl[01] mm Y-defl[02] mm R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 53

49 Pitch control, absolute extreme values Eog50_12 Variable Unit baseline Eog50_12HTS % Eog50_12LTS % Eog50_12_PS % Fxn kn Fyn kn Fzn kn Mxn knm Mxn-r knm Myn knm Myn-r knm Mzn knm Mzn-r knm Mxb[1] knm Mxb[1]-p[01] knm Mxb[1]-p[02] knm Mxb[2] knm Mxb[2]-p[01] knm Mxb[2]-p[02] knm Mxb[3] knm Mxb[3]-p[01] knm Mxb[3]-p[02] knm Myb[1] knm Myb[1]-p[01] knm Myb[1]-p[02] knm Myb[2] knm Myb[2]-p[01] knm Myb[2]-p[02] knm Myb[3] knm Myb[3]-p[01] knm Myb[3]-p[02] knm Mzb[1] knm Mzb[1]-p[01] knm Mzb[1]-p[02] knm Mzb[2] knm Mzb[2]-p[01] knm Mzb[2]-p[02] knm Mzb[3] knm Mzb[3]-p[01] knm Mzb[3]-p[02] knm Mxt[01] knm Mxt[02] knm Myt[02] knm Myt[01] knm Mzt[01] knm Mzt[02] knm Tip displ. flap[1] mm Tip disp. flap[2] mm Tip disp. flap[3] mm Tip displ. lag[1] mm Tip displ. lag[2] mm Tip displ. lag[3] mm X-defl[01] mm X-defl[02] mm Y-defl[01] mm Y-defl[02] mm R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 54

50 Pitch control, absolute extreme values GrEog1Voc Variable Unit baseline GrEog1VocHTS % GrEog1VocLTS % GrEog1Voc_PS % Fxn kn Fyn kn Fzn kn Mxn knm Mxn-r knm Myn knm Myn-r knm Mzn knm Mzn-r knm Mxb[1] knm Mxb[1]-p[01] knm Mxb[1]-p[02] knm Mxb[2] knm Mxb[2]-p[01] knm Mxb[2]-p[02] knm Mxb[3] knm Mxb[3]-p[01] knm Mxb[3]-p[02] knm Myb[1] knm Myb[1]-p[01] knm Myb[1]-p[02] knm Myb[2] knm Myb[2]-p[01] knm Myb[2]-p[02] knm Myb[3] knm Myb[3]-p[01] knm Myb[3]-p[02] knm Mzb[1] knm Mzb[1]-p[01] knm Mzb[1]-p[02] knm Mzb[2] knm Mzb[2]-p[01] knm Mzb[2]-p[02] knm Mzb[3] knm Mzb[3]-p[01] knm Mzb[3]-p[02] knm Mxt[01] knm Mxt[02] knm Myt[02] knm Myt[01] knm Mzt[01] knm Mzt[02] knm Tip displ. flap[1] mm Tip disp. flap[2] mm Tip disp. flap[3] mm Tip displ. lag[1] mm Tip displ. lag[2] mm Tip displ. lag[3] mm X-defl[01] mm X-defl[02] mm Y-defl[01] mm Y-defl[02] mm R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 55

51 Pitch control, 24 m/s 1Hz equivalent values Variable unit mat.curve baseline 024HTS % 024LTS % 024PS % Fxn kn M Fyn kn M Fzn kn M Mxn knm M Mxn-r knm M Myn knm M Myn-r knm M Mzn knm M Mzn-r knm M Mxb[1] knm M Mxb[1]-p[01] knm M Mxb[1]-p[02] knm M Mxb[2] knm M Mxb[2]-p[01] knm M Mxb[2]-p[02] knm M Mxb[3] knm M Mxb[3]-p[01] knm M Mxb[3]-p[02] knm M Myb[1] knm M Myb[1]-p[01] knm M Myb[1]-p[02] knm M Myb[2] knm M Myb[2]-p[01] knm M Myb[2]-p[02] knm M Myb[3] knm M Myb[3]-p[01] knm M Myb[3]-p[02] knm M Mzb[1] knm M Mzb[1]-p[01] knm M Mzb[1]-p[02] knm M Mzb[2] knm M Mzb[2]-p[01] knm M Mzb[2]-p[02] knm M Mzb[3] knm M Mzb[3]-p[01] knm M Mzb[3]-p[02] knm M Mxt[01] knm M Mxt[02] knm M Myt[02] knm M Myt[01] knm M Mzt[01] knm M Mzt[02] knm M R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 56

52 Pitch control, 18 m/s 1Hz equivalent values Variable unit mat.curve baseline 018HTS % 018LTS % 018PS % Fxn kn M Fyn kn M Fzn kn M Mxn knm M Mxn-r knm M Myn knm M Myn-r knm M Mzn knm M Mzn-r knm M Mxb[1] knm M Mxb[1]-p[01] knm M Mxb[1]-p[02] knm M Mxb[2] knm M Mxb[2]-p[01] knm M Mxb[2]-p[02] knm M Mxb[3] knm M Mxb[3]-p[01] knm M Mxb[3]-p[02] knm M Myb[1] knm M Myb[1]-p[01] knm M Myb[1]-p[02] knm M Myb[2] knm M Myb[2]-p[01] knm M Myb[2]-p[02] knm M Myb[3] knm M Myb[3]-p[01] knm M Myb[3]-p[02] knm M Mzb[1] knm M Mzb[1]-p[01] knm M Mzb[1]-p[02] knm M Mzb[2] knm M Mzb[2]-p[01] knm M Mzb[2]-p[02] knm M Mzb[3] knm M Mzb[3]-p[01] knm M Mzb[3]-p[02] knm M Mxt[01] knm M Mxt[02] knm M Myt[02] knm M Myt[01] knm M Mzt[01] knm M Mzt[02] knm M R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 57

53 Pitch control, 12 m/s 1Hz equivalent values Variable unit mat.curve baseline 012HTS % 012LTS % 012PS % Fxn kn M Fyn kn M Fzn kn M Mxn knm M Mxn-r knm M Myn knm M Myn-r knm M Mzn knm M Mzn-r knm M Mxb[1] knm M Mxb[1]-p[01] knm M Mxb[1]-p[02] knm M Mxb[2] knm M Mxb[2]-p[01] knm M Mxb[2]-p[02] knm M Mxb[3] knm M Mxb[3]-p[01] knm M Mxb[3]-p[02] knm M Myb[1] knm M Myb[1]-p[01] knm M Myb[1]-p[02] knm M Myb[2] knm M Myb[2]-p[01] knm M Myb[2]-p[02] knm M Myb[3] knm M Myb[3]-p[01] knm M Myb[3]-p[02] knm M Mzb[1] knm M Mzb[1]-p[01] knm M Mzb[1]-p[02] knm M Mzb[2] knm M Mzb[2]-p[01] knm M Mzb[2]-p[02] knm M Mzb[3] knm M Mzb[3]-p[01] knm M Mzb[3]-p[02] knm M Mxt[01] knm M Mxt[02] knm M Myt[02] knm M Myt[01] knm M Mzt[01] knm M Mzt[02] knm M R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 58

54 Appendix G. Tables tapered blade. Tapered blade, absolute extreme values 1B-5Vo Variable Unit baseline 1B-5VoB % Fxn kn Fyn kn Fzn kn Mxn knm Mxn-r knm Myn knm Myn-r knm Mzn knm Mzn-r knm Mxb[1] knm Mxb[1]-p[01] knm Mxb[1]-p[02] knm Mxb[2] knm Mxb[2]-p[01] knm Mxb[2]-p[02] knm Mxb[3] knm Mxb[3]-p[01] knm Mxb[3]-p[02] knm Myb[1] knm Myb[1]-p[01] knm Myb[1]-p[02] knm Myb[2] knm Myb[2]-p[01] knm Myb[2]-p[02] knm Myb[3] knm Myb[3]-p[01] knm Myb[3]-p[02] knm Mzb[1] knm Mzb[1]-p[01] knm Mzb[1]-p[02] knm Mzb[2] knm Mzb[2]-p[01] knm Mzb[2]-p[02] knm Mzb[3] knm Mzb[3]-p[01] knm Mzb[3]-p[02] knm Mxt[01] knm Mxt[02] knm Myt[02] knm Myt[01] knm Mzt[01] knm Mzt[02] knm Tip displ. flap[1] mm Tip disp. flap[2] mm Tip disp. flap[3] mm Tip displ. lag[1] mm Tip displ. lag[2] mm Tip displ. lag[3] mm X-defl[01] mm X-defl[02] mm Y-defl[01] mm Y-defl[02] mm R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 59

55 Tapered blade, absolute extreme values E50025 Variable Unit baseline E50025B % Fxn kn Fyn kn Fzn kn Mxn knm Mxn-r knm Myn knm Myn-r knm Mzn knm Mzn-r knm Mxb[1] knm Mxb[1]-p[01] knm Mxb[1]-p[02] knm Mxb[2] knm Mxb[2]-p[01] knm Mxb[2]-p[02] knm Mxb[3] knm Mxb[3]-p[01] knm Mxb[3]-p[02] knm Myb[1] knm Myb[1]-p[01] knm Myb[1]-p[02] knm Myb[2] knm Myb[2]-p[01] knm Myb[2]-p[02] knm Myb[3] knm Myb[3]-p[01] knm Myb[3]-p[02] knm Mzb[1] knm Mzb[1]-p[01] knm Mzb[1]-p[02] knm Mzb[2] knm Mzb[2]-p[01] knm Mzb[2]-p[02] knm Mzb[3] knm Mzb[3]-p[01] knm Mzb[3]-p[02] knm Mxt[01] knm Mxt[02] knm Myt[02] knm Myt[01] knm Mzt[01] knm Mzt[02] knm Tip displ. flap[1] mm Tip disp. flap[2] mm Tip disp. flap[3] mm Tip displ. lag[1] mm Tip displ. lag[2] mm Tip displ. lag[3] mm X-defl[01] mm X-defl[02] mm Y-defl[01] mm Y-defl[02] mm R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 60

56 Tapered blade, absolute extreme values E50335 Variable Unit baseline E50335B % Fxn kn Fyn kn Fzn kn Mxn knm Mxn-r knm Myn knm Myn-r knm Mzn knm Mzn-r knm Mxb[1] knm Mxb[1]-p[01] knm Mxb[1]-p[02] knm Mxb[2] knm Mxb[2]-p[01] knm Mxb[2]-p[02] knm Mxb[3] knm Mxb[3]-p[01] knm Mxb[3]-p[02] knm Myb[1] knm Myb[1]-p[01] knm Myb[1]-p[02] knm Myb[2] knm Myb[2]-p[01] knm Myb[2]-p[02] knm Myb[3] knm Myb[3]-p[01] knm Myb[3]-p[02] knm Mzb[1] knm Mzb[1]-p[01] knm Mzb[1]-p[02] knm Mzb[2] knm Mzb[2]-p[01] knm Mzb[2]-p[02] knm Mzb[3] knm Mzb[3]-p[01] knm Mzb[3]-p[02] knm Mxt[01] knm Mxt[02] knm Myt[02] knm Myt[01] knm Mzt[01] knm Mzt[02] knm Tip displ. flap[1] mm Tip disp. flap[2] mm Tip disp. flap[3] mm Tip displ. lag[1] mm Tip displ. lag[2] mm Tip displ. lag[3] mm X-defl[01] mm X-defl[02] mm Y-defl[01] mm Y-defl[02] mm R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 61

57 Tapered blade, absolute extreme values EcdVrb Variable Unit baseline EcdVrbB % Fxn kn Fyn kn Fzn kn Mxn knm Mxn-r knm Myn knm Myn-r knm Mzn knm Mzn-r knm Mxb[1] knm Mxb[1]-p[01] knm Mxb[1]-p[02] knm Mxb[2] knm Mxb[2]-p[01] knm Mxb[2]-p[02] knm Mxb[3] knm Mxb[3]-p[01] knm Mxb[3]-p[02] knm Myb[1] knm Myb[1]-p[01] knm Myb[1]-p[02] knm Myb[2] knm Myb[2]-p[01] knm Myb[2]-p[02] knm Myb[3] knm Myb[3]-p[01] knm Myb[3]-p[02] knm Mzb[1] knm Mzb[1]-p[01] knm Mzb[1]-p[02] knm Mzb[2] knm Mzb[2]-p[01] knm Mzb[2]-p[02] knm Mzb[3] knm Mzb[3]-p[01] knm Mzb[3]-p[02] knm Mxt[01] knm Mxt[02] knm Myt[02] knm Myt[01] knm Mzt[01] knm Mzt[02] knm Tip displ. flap[1] mm Tip disp. flap[2] mm Tip disp. flap[3] mm Tip displ. lag[1] mm Tip displ. lag[2] mm Tip displ. lag[3] mm X-defl[01] mm X-defl[02] mm Y-defl[01] mm Y-defl[02] mm R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 62

58 Tapered blade, absolute extreme values Eog50_12 Variable Unit baseline Eog50_12B % Fxn kn Fyn kn Fzn kn Mxn knm Mxn-r knm Myn knm Myn-r knm Mzn knm Mzn-r knm Mxb[1] knm Mxb[1]-p[01] knm Mxb[1]-p[02] knm Mxb[2] knm Mxb[2]-p[01] knm Mxb[2]-p[02] knm Mxb[3] knm Mxb[3]-p[01] knm Mxb[3]-p[02] knm Myb[1] knm Myb[1]-p[01] knm Myb[1]-p[02] knm Myb[2] knm Myb[2]-p[01] knm Myb[2]-p[02] knm Myb[3] knm Myb[3]-p[01] knm Myb[3]-p[02] knm Mzb[1] knm Mzb[1]-p[01] knm Mzb[1]-p[02] knm Mzb[2] knm Mzb[2]-p[01] knm Mzb[2]-p[02] knm Mzb[3] knm Mzb[3]-p[01] knm Mzb[3]-p[02] knm Mxt[01] knm Mxt[02] knm Myt[02] knm Myt[01] knm Mzt[01] knm Mzt[02] knm Tip displ. flap[1] mm Tip disp. flap[2] mm Tip disp. flap[3] mm Tip displ. lag[1] mm Tip displ. lag[2] mm Tip displ. lag[3] mm X-defl[01] mm X-defl[02] mm Y-defl[01] mm Y-defl[02] mm R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 63

59 Tapered blade, absolute extreme values GrEog1Voc Variable Unit baseline GrEog1VocB % Fxn kn Fyn kn Fzn kn Mxn knm Mxn-r knm Myn knm Myn-r knm Mzn knm Mzn-r knm Mxb[1] knm Mxb[1]-p[01] knm Mxb[1]-p[02] knm Mxb[2] knm Mxb[2]-p[01] knm Mxb[2]-p[02] knm Mxb[3] knm Mxb[3]-p[01] knm Mxb[3]-p[02] knm Myb[1] knm Myb[1]-p[01] knm Myb[1]-p[02] knm Myb[2] knm Myb[2]-p[01] knm Myb[2]-p[02] knm Myb[3] knm Myb[3]-p[01] knm Myb[3]-p[02] knm Mzb[1] knm Mzb[1]-p[01] knm Mzb[1]-p[02] knm Mzb[2] knm Mzb[2]-p[01] knm Mzb[2]-p[02] knm Mzb[3] knm Mzb[3]-p[01] knm Mzb[3]-p[02] knm Mxt[01] knm Mxt[02] knm Myt[02] knm Myt[01] knm Mzt[01] knm Mzt[02] knm Tip displ. flap[1] mm Tip disp. flap[2] mm Tip disp. flap[3] mm Tip displ. lag[1] mm Tip displ. lag[2] mm Tip displ. lag[3] mm X-defl[01] mm X-defl[02] mm Y-defl[01] mm Y-defl[02] mm R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 64

60 Tapered blade, 24 m/s 1Hz equivalent values Variable unit mat.curve baseline 024B % Fxn kn M Fyn kn M Fzn kn M Mxn knm M Mxn-r knm M Myn knm M Myn-r knm M Mzn knm M Mzn-r knm M Mxb[1] knm M Mxb[1]-p[01] knm M Mxb[1]-p[02] knm M Mxb[2] knm M Mxb[2]-p[01] knm M Mxb[2]-p[02] knm M Mxb[3] knm M Mxb[3]-p[01] knm M Mxb[3]-p[02] knm M Myb[1] knm M Myb[1]-p[01] knm M Myb[1]-p[02] knm M Myb[2] knm M Myb[2]-p[01] knm M Myb[2]-p[02] knm M Myb[3] knm M Myb[3]-p[01] knm M Myb[3]-p[02] knm M Mzb[1] knm M Mzb[1]-p[01] knm M Mzb[1]-p[02] knm M Mzb[2] knm M Mzb[2]-p[01] knm M Mzb[2]-p[02] knm M Mzb[3] knm M Mzb[3]-p[01] knm M Mzb[3]-p[02] knm M Mxt[01] knm M Mxt[02] knm M Myt[02] knm M Myt[01] knm M Mzt[01] knm M Mzt[02] knm M R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 65

61 Tapered blade, 18 m/s 1Hz equivalent values Variable unit mat.curve baseline 018B % Fxn kn M Fyn kn M Fzn kn M Mxn knm M Mxn-r knm M Myn knm M Myn-r knm M Mzn knm M Mzn-r knm M Mxb[1] knm M Mxb[1]-p[01] knm M Mxb[1]-p[02] knm M Mxb[2] knm M Mxb[2]-p[01] knm M Mxb[2]-p[02] knm M Mxb[3] knm M Mxb[3]-p[01] knm M Mxb[3]-p[02] knm M Myb[1] knm M Myb[1]-p[01] knm M Myb[1]-p[02] knm M Myb[2] knm M Myb[2]-p[01] knm M Myb[2]-p[02] knm M Myb[3] knm M Myb[3]-p[01] knm M Myb[3]-p[02] knm M Mzb[1] knm M Mzb[1]-p[01] knm M Mzb[1]-p[02] knm M Mzb[2] knm M Mzb[2]-p[01] knm M Mzb[2]-p[02] knm M Mzb[3] knm M Mzb[3]-p[01] knm M Mzb[3]-p[02] knm M Mxt[01] knm M Mxt[02] knm M Myt[02] knm M Myt[01] knm M Mzt[01] knm M Mzt[02] knm M R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 66

62 Tapered blade, 12 m/s 1Hz equivalent values Variable unit mat.curve baseline 012B % Fxn kn M Fyn kn M Fzn kn M Mxn knm M Mxn-r knm M Myn knm M Myn-r knm M Mzn knm M Mzn-r knm M Mxb[1] knm M Mxb[1]-p[01] knm M Mxb[1]-p[02] knm M Mxb[2] knm M Mxb[2]-p[01] knm M Mxb[2]-p[02] knm M Mxb[3] knm M Mxb[3]-p[01] knm M Mxb[3]-p[02] knm M Myb[1] knm M Myb[1]-p[01] knm M Myb[1]-p[02] knm M Myb[2] knm M Myb[2]-p[01] knm M Myb[2]-p[02] knm M Myb[3] knm M Myb[3]-p[01] knm M Myb[3]-p[02] knm M Mzb[1] knm M Mzb[1]-p[01] knm M Mzb[1]-p[02] knm M Mzb[2] knm M Mzb[2]-p[01] knm M Mzb[2]-p[02] knm M Mzb[3] knm M Mzb[3]-p[01] knm M Mzb[3]-p[02] knm M Mxt[01] knm M Mxt[02] knm M Myt[02] knm M Myt[01] knm M Mzt[01] knm M Mzt[02] knm M R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 67

63 Appendix H. Low Lambda control. Low Lambda control, 1Hz equivalent values baseline Low Lambda % Low Lambda 2 % Low Lambda 3 % Low Lambda 4 % Low Lambda 5 % Variable Fxn Fyn Fzn Mxn Mxn-r Myn Myn-r Mzn Mzn-r Mxb[1] Mxb[1]-p[01] Mxb[1]-p[02] Mxb[2] Mxb[2]-p[01] Mxb[2]-p[02] Mxb[3] Mxb[3]-p[01] Mxb[3]-p[02] Myb[1] Myb[1]-p[01] Myb[1]-p[02] Myb[2] Myb[2]-p[01] Myb[2]-p[02] Myb[3] Myb[3]-p[01] Myb[3]-p[02] Mzb[1] Mzb[1]-p[01] Mzb[1]-p[02] Mzb[2] Mzb[2]-p[01] Mzb[2]-p[02] Mzb[3] Mzb[3]-p[01] Mzb[3]-p[02] Mxt[01] Mxt[02] Myt[02] Myt[01] Mzt[01] Mzt[02] R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 68

64 Appendix I. Plots tower eigenfrequencies. Tower eigenfrequency 0.175Hz, production loadcase 12 m/s stochastic. Tower eigenfrequency 0.200Hz, production loadcase 12 m/s stochastic. R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 69

65 Tower eigenfrequency 0.225Hz, production loadcase 12 m/s stochastic. Tower eigenfrequency 0.250Hz, production loadcase 12 m/s stochastic. R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 70

66 Tower eigenfrequency 0.300Hz, production loadcase 12 m/s stochastic. Tower eigenfrequency 0.350Hz, production loadcase 12 m/s stochastic. R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 71

67 Appendix J. Base line control versus Peak Shave control. Base line pitch control. Peak Shave pitch control. R45.04/01.03/03 Stentec, page 72