Trends of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure

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1 Trends of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure YoungJoo Lee Contents Introductions - Definitions of NSDI - Components of NSDI - Roles of NSDI Comparative Analysis - Backgrounds: History - Comparison of Characteristics - Typifying Future directions of NSDI - Trends in NSDI - Trends in Geospatial Information - SWOT of NSDI Conclusions

2 Introductions What is a SDI(Spatial Data Infrastructure)? The term Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) is often used to denote the relevant base collection of technologies, policies and institutional arrangements that facilitate the availability of and access to spatial data. The SDI provides a basis for spatial data discovery, evaluation, and application for users and providers within all levels of government, the commercial sector, the non-profit sector, academia and by citizens in SDI Cookbook

3 Why do we need geospatial data? - Reduce Losses From Natural & Human-Induced Disasters - Prevention & Early warning - Improve Human Health & Well-Being - Better business/resource management - Improved governance -.. Why do we make a decision on this critical issues? Reducing crime Enhancing public safety Containing costs Homeland Security Managing growth Improving accountability Disaster management Protecting the environment Having the data to make these decisions is critical, but Not being able to integrate it vertically and horizontally is another disaster

4 Relationships Among Data Build Once, Use Many Times Base Data Other Thematic Data Land Ownership Transportation Surface Waters Boundaries Geodetic Control Elevation Imagery Flood Zones Demographics Power Grid Water Lines Sewer Lines Gas Lines So, What do we need? Common language Common reference system Common framework Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) a National Spatial Data Infrastructure

5 What is a NSDI(National Spatial Data Infrastructure)? To encourage the collection, processing, archiving, integration, and sharing of geospatial data and information using common standards and interoperable systems and techniques.. and accessible via the Components of NSDI - Core component of Clearinghouse (Portal) Metadata Framework GEOdata Standards Partnerships

6 Components of NSDI Industrial Development T e c h n o ll o g y Clearinghouse (Portal) Framework Metadata Standards GEOdata Human Resource Policy Partnerships Legislation What is roles of NSDI? Policy Human Resource Information Institutions Partnership Basic infrastructure for everyone can utilize the geospatial information with ease New Social Infrastructure for for Geospatially Enabled Society

7 Comparative Analysis Background: History UK -OS suggested to AGI Meeting JPN - Long-term planning for construction of NSDI and diffusion of GIS USA -OMB A-16 Australia -CSDC - ANZLIC USA - Executive Order No NSDI strategic plan UK full-fledged promotion - NGDF strategic plan Australia - GeoScience Australia KOREA - NGIS Promotion Committee - The 1st NGIS Master Plan JAPAN - Recent Activities of the Liaison Committee among Ministries and Agencies on GIS UK - National Geospatial Data Framework Management Board Australia - ASDI strategic plan China - National Geospatial Information Coordinating Committee

8 Comparison of Characteristics Backgrounds Institutions Contents U S For avoiding overlapping investment of production spatial information by federal, state, and local governments Effective management Service to citizens of sp atial information Executive Order #12906, OMB Circulars A-16,130,119 NSDI strategic plan Maximize the synergy effect by institutional support for encouraging partnership among the federal, state, and local levels and private sectors A U S U K K O R J P N C N To ensure that users of spatial data will be able to acquire consistent datasets to meet their requirements for good decisio n-making of economic development and environmental problems Various spatial data constructed by central, local government, and private sector makes interoperable Spatial data sharing and effective mana gement with occurrence of a city gas su pply base explosion in Seoul(1994), and subway construction site gas pipe explo sion in Daegu(1995) as a start Spatial data sharing with Hanshin Awaji big earthquake as a start Construction of Digital China base on th e concept of Digital Earth ASDI strategic plan Action Plan Spatial Information Action Agenda Guidelines for Pricing, Privacy, Accessing NGDF strategic plan Guideline for pricing NGIS Law Law for industrial development of Geospatial Information NGIS Master Plan Action Plan Basic Act on the Advancement of Utilizing Geospatial Information Basic Plan Action Plan Digital China strategy (5years) Industrial development is one of the c ontents of NSDI in Aus. Guidelines for pricing and data acces sing is advanced. Development and applying the score related to SDI Policy for emphasizing the importanc e of metadata and increasing the role s of private sectors Constructions, applications, diffusion s expand in early time at the initiative of the central government But, Industry is dependent on govern ment Advanced private sector Backward local government sector Different SDI construction by digital c ity, digital province, digital China But, immaturity of standardization Comparison of Characteristics US AUS UK KOR JPN CN Backgrounds 連邦政府州政府地方政府で生産される各種空間情報の重複投資を防止効率的に管理国民にサービスするため経済発展環境問題解決など国レベルでの空間情報の需要増加により新旧の空間データを共同活用するため一貫性のあるデータ形式に統合するため Common point: 膨大な政府民間所有の空間データの相互活用のため製作された数値地図の活用可能性及びデータの一貫性増進のため初期か Sharing of ら民間部門の参加を求める Geospatial 地下鉄ガス爆発事件をきっかけにG IS 整備の重要性を認識し国家的 information な取り組みで強力に推進阪神淡路大地震をきっかけに各省庁が保有している空間情報データの共有活用を図るため Digital Earth 概念に基づいて digital ci ty, digital province, digital China 構築を目標に推進 Institutions Contents 中央政府及び地方政府と民間企業の協力体制を維持して必要となる制度的支援を通じてシナジー効果を極大化することにフォーカス空間情報を社会インフラと区分特に産業育成も重要なNSDIの要素としているまたデータアクセスに関するガイドライン及び価格政策が強い国家地理情報の状態を表す指標 Common points: ( 点数 ) 開発し監査に活用メタデータの重要性を持続的に強調する政策比較的に政府の財政支援が低 - Build datasets いため民間の役割を増大させる政策を推進 - Activate standards Distributions 国家主導的な進め方で早い期間内に構築活用普及が拡大 -One Stop Service 産業が国に依存的で基盤が弱い through the internet 民間部門での普及産業は進んでいるが日本の政治財政構造の影響で自治体での普及率と空間情報データの共同利用率は比較的に低い他の国より遅れて構築したが Digital Earth 概念を導入して推進まだ標準化などが遅れている

9 Typifying model by Characteristics Type US Type of construct the strong partnership with private sector AUS Type of socioeconomic governance-oriented approach by various partnership UK Type of dichotomization as national strategy by private initiative and local strategy by local initiative KOR Type of government-initiated overall JPN Type of cost-oriented and business-oriented by advanced private sector CN Type of new concept adoption for constructing Digital China Future directions of NSDI

10 What s the trends in SDI? 1 st Generation 2 nd Generation Towards the Next Generation Developed Countries Emerging Economies Developing Countries Developed, Emerging and Developing Countries Delivery of a Virtual Environment Future Future Product-based SDI development Model Process-based SDI development Model National/Federal Government Influence -Data Focus National, Sub-national Govt. and Private Sector Influence - Process Focus Sub-national Govt. and Private Sector Influence - Strategic National focus Source : A. Rajabifard et al. (2006) The role of sub-national government and the private sector in future spatial data infrastructure, IJGIS Vol.20 No.7 What s the trends in NSDI? 1990s. After 2000 Construction of geospatial information Change of focus Utilization of geospatial information infrastructure 1. From Infra To Strategy level Technological approach political-institutional approach 2. To Service concept Physical approach maintenance of institutions, improvement of policy

structure by multi step reflection on area New organization structure What s the

11 What s the trends in NSDI? Promote with e-government Enhancing Governance for promoting NSDI Decision making structure by multi step reflection on area New organization structure What s the trends in Geospatial Information? Technology Industry Society Source : KRIHS(2007) Strategies NGIS in Preparation for Paradigm Shift in Geospatial Information

12 What s the trends in Geospatial Information? Technology Industry - individual tech. convergence tech. - expression and analysis geo-intelligence - wired network mobile -2D, 3D 4D for realization of virtual world - limited access open, shared information - database construction service-oriented - production-oriented value creation-oriented - specialist-oriented generalization/specialization - Localization glocalization - individual industry geo-fusion type industry GT + ICT GT + ICT + UT Fusion Industry Service Industry U b i q u i t o u s Society - individual convergence - one-way interactive - closing open - immovable mobile - group-oriented individual-oriented Digital Society Ubiquitous Society G I Source : KRIHS(2007) Strategies NGIS in Preparation for Paradigm Shift in Geospatial Information The Next NSDI is. WHO Anybody Everybody (regardless of things such as age or gender differences) WHEN WHERE At any time Anywhere Without any geographic or time constraints WHAT HOW Intelligence Geospatial Information & Services Simple Speedy Usability Various and reliable geospatial data & services in an appropriate setting for multifaceted needs Provide timely, easily, speedy, accessibly for supporting human activity

13 SWOT of NSDI - already accumulated a lot of spatial data - high resolution RS - from 2D to multi-dimension - ensure advanced and various technologies - expansion of interoperability data - constant effort and interest to improve environments for using spatial data - environmental infrastructure improvement for data sharing Strength Opportunity - linked e-government - new business chance by digital convergence (add value) - increasing spatial data utilization - diffusion of SDI - GSDI, digital earth - advanced technology related to collect and analyze spatial data - sustained growth using geospatial data - protection of personal data, intellectual property - problems of update and maintenance of data - extract data in need from mountains of data - not deal with the changing needs of spatial data - data reliability(quality) - lack of limited partnership - a loss of consistency in policy - insecure a sufficient budget Weakness Threat - vary external environment with a number of factors - market crisis by provision of spatial information through internet portal site - required multifaceted partnership Conclusions: Future directions for NSDI

Society s well-being Making the world that anyone can use intelligence

anytime NPO Central Gov. National Local Gov.

Distribution Institutions Technology - Collaborations - Division of roles

14 Society s well-being Making the world that anyone can use intelligence geospatial information & services timely and easily at anywhere, in anytime NPO Central Gov. National Local Gov. Academia Private Sector Individual Community Standards Dataset Distribution Institutions Technology - Collaborations - Division of roles - Different SDI strategy - Future demand forecasting Global SDI National SDI State / Local SDI Community SDI Thank you!!!

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