CA 47b Acid Base Titrations
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1 CA 47b Acid Base Titrations Model 1 Titration of a strong acid with a strong base ml of M HCl is titrated with M NaOH; the species present in the aqueous solution at various volumes of added sodium hydroxide are shown in the table 1. Table 1. - Reaction of Strong Acid with Strong Base Volume of base (ml) [H + ] [Cl ] [HCl] (nm) [Na + ] [OH ] Critical Thinking Questions 1. At 25 ml of added base, circle the major species present in the solution. ph ( = Cl ; = OH ; = Na + ; = H + ; = HCl; water is omitted for clarity) 2. Based on the major species, what is the chemical reaction occurring in the solution? 3. How would the picture or change if strontium hydroxide were used instead of sodium hydroxide?
2 4. Verify the concentration of the major species for the addition of 75.0 ml of sodium hydroxide. 5. Why did the concentration of chloride ions change for the solution at 75.0 ml? Hydrogen ions? 6. Draw a picture of the solution at ml of added NaOH ( = Cl ; = OH ; = Na + ; = H + ; = HCl; water is omitted for clarity) 7. Based on the major species, what is the chemical reaction occurring in the solution that determines the hydrogen ion concentration? 8. Circle the major species after the addition of 110. ml of sodium hydroxide and the ph of the resultant solution.
3 Model 2 Titration of a weak acid with a strong base ml of M Acetic acid (HOAc; K A = ) is titrated with M NaOH; the species present in the aqueous solution at various volumes of added sodium hydroxide are shown in the table 2. Table 2. - Reaction of Weak Acid with Strong Base Volume of base (ml) [H + ] [OAc ] [HOAc] [Na + ] [OH ] Critical Thinking Questions 9. At 25 ml of added base, circle the major species present in the solution. ( = OAc ; = OH ; = Na + ; = H + ; = HOAc; water is omitted for clarity) ph 10. Based on the major species, what is the chemical reaction occurring in the solution? 11. Verify the concentration of the major species for the addition of 75.0 ml of sodium hydroxide.
4 12. Based on the major species, confirm the ph of the solution after the addition of 75.0 ml of sodium hydroxide? How is the determination of the hydrogen ion concentration different than for Model 1? 13. Draw a picture of the solution at ml of added NaOH ( = OAc ; = OH ; = Na + ; = H + ; = HOAc; water is omitted for clarity) 14. Based on the major species, what is the chemical reaction occurring in the solution that affects the hydrogen ion concentration? Why is this different than the strong acid/strong base titration? 15. Verify the ph of the solution after the addition of 100. ml of sodium hydroxide is
5 Model 3 Titration curves. 16. Sketch the ph vs. added volume of NaOH data found in Tables 1 and Indicate the equivalence point on each curve. What is the significance of this point? 18. On the HOAc curve indicate the following: 1. The major chemical species present at the beginning of the titration. 2. The major species present in this region between 25.0 and 75.0 ml. 3. The major chemical species present at the equivalence point. 4. The major chemical species present after the equivalence point. 19. What is the significance of the ph at 50.0 ml as related to the major species present?
6 ChemActivity Acid-Base Titrations Exercises 1. What is the ph in a solution containing a weak acid HX and its conjugate base X - when [X - ] = [HX]? 2. What is the significance of the ph halfway to the equivalence point in a titration of weak acid with a strong base? 3. What is the ph when 50.0 ml of 1.50 M HC 2 H 3 O 2 is titrated with 25.0 ml of 1.50 M NaOH? The Ka of HC 2 H 3 O 2 is 1.8x What is the significance of the ph halfway to the equivalence point in a titration of weak base with a strong acid? 5. The Ka of carbonic acid, H 2 CO 3, is 4.5x10-7. What is the Kb of its conjugate base? Sketch a titration curve (assuming all CO 2 stays in solution) of 0.10 M NaHCO 3 (aq) with 0.10 M HCl. Label the equivalence point and the point at which [OH - ] = Kb for HCO 3 -. Problems 1. What is the ph when 50.0 ml of 1.50 M HC 2 H 3 O 2 is titrated with 25.0 ml, 50.0 ml, and 60.0 ml of 1.50 M NaOH? The Ka of HC 2 H 3 O 2 is 1.8x What is ph when 50.0 ml of 1.50 M Na C 2 H 3 O 2 (aq) is titrated with 25.0 ml, 50.0 ml, and 60.0 ml of 1.50 M HCl? The Ka of HC 2 H 3 O 2 is 1.8x A g sample of an unknown weak diprotic (2 acidic H + ) acid is titrated with ml of M NaOH. What is the molecular weight of the unknown acid?
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