A C. a Define: e You are given the following equation in the exam: period = 1/frequency

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1 AQA Triloy Unit 6.6: Wvs n Eltromnti Wvs - Hihr 1 Complt th p ill: All wvs trnsr to nothr, ut th rom on pl os not mov. Din: rquny: You r ivn th ollowin qution in th xm: prio = 1/rquny Wht r th units or Intiyin th suitility o pprtus to msur wv sp, rquny, n wvlnth ws rquir prtil. j Th prtils osillt ( ) roun prio (tim)? Stt ontrol vril in this prtil: ix point n pss onto th nxt prtil n, in turn, thy osillt too. mplitu: rquny? Stt th two typs o wv. Whih typ o wv osillts prpniulr (t riht nls) to th irtion o nry trnsr? wvlnth: Wht is th symol qution linkin wv sp, rquny n wvlnth? Now omplt th rst o th tl: Symol in th Eqution Wht It Rprsnts Units Why ws it importnt to ontrol this vril? Wht ws th ist sour o rror in your prtil? v How oul you ovrom this rror? Whih typ o wv osillts prlll to th irtion o nry trnsr? rquny m Whih lttr on th rph rprsnts mplitu? wvlnth? B Clult th sp o wv with wvlnth o 42m n rquny o 11Hz. h A wv hs rquny o 54Hz n sp o 330m/s. Clult th wvlnth. i rst? trouh? A C D

2 AQA Triloy Unit 6.6: Wvs n Eltromnti Wvs - Hihr 2 Whih typ o wv r ltromnti (EM) wvs? Complt th p ill: Eltromnti wvs trnsr rom th sour o th wvs to n Whih typ o EM wv hs th lonst wvlnth? hihst rquny? Whih typ o EM wv n prou y osilltions in ltril iruits? Whih prt o th EM sptrum n humn ys tt?. Th wvs orm ontinuous n ll typs trvl t shortst wvlnth? lowst rquny? Wht n ths typ o wvs lso inu in ltril iruits? th sm (sp) or ir. throuh vuum most nry? lst nry? Complt th oxs to show th orr o th ltromnti (EM) sptrum n stt t lst two uss o h typ o EM wv. EM Wv: Uss: Explntion: Stt our tors tht r t y irnt sustns intrtin with irnt EM wvs: Th mount o sorption or rition o inrr rition y irnt surs ws rquir prtil. Brily outlin mtho or olltin vli rsults or this xprimnt

3 AQA Triloy Unit 6.6: Wvs n Eltromnti Wvs - Hihr 3 Stt thr typs o EM wvs tht n hv hzrous t: Stt two tors tht t th mount o hrm us y rtin EM wvs: Sust why nurss wr l-lin prons whn prormin x-ry xmintions. 3. Evlut th us o mm rys in ttin n trtin nr (4 mrks). Writ th EM wv rom th prvious qustion nxt to th sription o th m it os: Cuss skin to prmturly n inrss th risk o skin nr. Cuss ionistion insi o lls, this m ls to th lls yin. Evlut th us o x-rys in mil imin (4 mrks). Stt two othr prutions tht nurss n hlthr prossionls n unrtk to ru th hrm o x-rys. h Complt th p ill: Rition os is msur o th risk o rsultin rom xposur o th oy to th. It is msur in sivrts, n 1 sivrt (Sv) is quivlnt to millisivrts (msv). Som typs o rition r mor hzrous thn othrs u to th mount o it is. in th wv n how pntrtin

4 AQA Triloy Unit 6.6: Wvs n Eltromnti Wvs - Hihr 4 Complt th p ill: Th o wv pns on th mtril ( ) it is trvllin throuh. I wv hns rom on mium to nothr, th hns too. Wvs r only rrt whn thy mt th ounry twn two mi t n. Us rulr to rw th pth o th liht ry s it trvls throuh th lss lok. In th irm in, th liht ry is trvllin rom ir with low rrtiv inx, into lss with hihr rrtiv inx (s t in tl low). Thror upon ntrin th lss, th sp slows own n th ry is rrt towrs th norml. Wht hppns s th liht lvs th lss lok n trvls into th ir? You must rr to th norml in your nswr. Us rulr to omplt th wv ront irm: hih nsity mium Th mor th sp hns twn th two mi, th rtr th irtion o th wv low nsity mium hns. Howvr, wv tht mts th ounry t (prpniulr) will not. Liht wvs trvl in ir thn in lss. Th hn in sp n thus irtion twn ths two mi n shown usin irm. Th rrtiv inx o mium is th xtnt to whih th liht is rrt whn it ntrs th mium. Look t th tl o t: Rrtiv Wht onlusions n rwn rom th t? Mium Inx ir 1 Choos th orrt phrs y irlin th nswr: In th irm ov, whn liht wv ntrs wtr t n nl th irst prt o th liht wv slows own/ sps up. th rst o th wv ontinus t hihr/ lowr sp. 3. this uss th wv to hn irtion towrs/wy rom th norml. lss 5 wtr 3 imon 4

5 AQA Triloy Unit 6.6: Wvs n Eltromnti Wvs - Hihr Answrs 1 Complt th p ill: All wvs trnsr nry rom on pl to nothr, ut th mttr os not mov. Th prtils osillt (virt) roun ix point n pss nry onto th nxt prtil n, in turn, thy osillt too. Stt th two typs o wv. trnsvrs lonituinl Whih typ o wv osillts prpniulr (t riht nls) to th irtion o nry trnsr? Din: rquny: Th numr o wvs pssin point h son. mplitu: Th mximum isplmnt o point on wv wy rom its unistur position. wvlnth: Th istn rom point on on wv to th quivlnt point on th jnt wv. You r ivn th ollowin qution in th xm: prio = 1/rquny Wht r th units or prio (tim)? sons (s) rquny? Hrtz (Hz) Wht is th symol qution linkin wv sp, rquny n wvlnth? v = λ Now omplt th rst o th tl: Symol in th Eqution Wht It Rprsnts Units Intiyin th suitility o pprtus to msur wv sp, rquny, n wvlnth ws rquir prtil. Stt ontrol vril in this prtil: Th volum o wtr in th tnk. Why ws it importnt to ontrol this vril? Th pth o th wtr will t th sp n wvlnth. Wht ws th ist sour o rror in your prtil? Countin th wvs y y. How oul you ovrom this rror? Us stroosop. j trnsvrs v wv sp m/s Whih typ o wv osillts prlll to th irtion o nry trnsr? rquny Hz lonituinl λ wvlnth m Whih lttr on th rph rprsnts mplitu? C wvlnth? B rst? A A trouh? D B C Clult th sp o wv with wvlnth o 42m n rquny o 11Hz. v = λ onvrt m into m = 0.42m sustitut numrs into qution: 11Hz 0.42m = 4.62m/s h A wv hs rquny o 54Hz n sp o 330m/s. Clult th wvlnth. Rrrn th qution to mk wvlnth v th sujt: λλ = Sustitut numrs into th qution: 330m/s 54Hz = 6.1 mtrs i D

6 AQA Triloy Unit 6.6: Wvs n Eltromnti Wvs - Hihr Answrs 2 Whih typ o wv r ltromnti (EM) wvs? trnsvrs Complt th p ill: Eltromnti wvs trnsr nry rom th sour o th wvs to n sorr. Th wvs Whih typ o EM wv hs th lonst wvlnth? rio wvs hihst rquny? mm rys Whih typ o EM wv n prou y osilltions in ltril iruits? rio wvs Whih prt o th EM sptrum n humn ys tt? Visil liht only. orm ontinuous sptrum n ll typs trvl t th sm vloity throuh vuum (sp) or ir. shortst wvlnth? mm rys lowst rquny? rio wvs most nry? mm rys Wht n ths typ o wvs lso inu in ltril iruits? osilltions lst nry? rio wvs Complt th oxs to show th orr o th ltromnti (EM) sptrum n stt t lst two uss o h typ o EM wv. EM Wv: rio wvs mirowvs inrr wvs visil liht ultrviolt wvs x-rys mm rys Uss: Tlvision, rio n Blutooth. Stllit ommunition n ookin oo. Rmot ontrols, inrr mrs n htrs. Optil irs n photorphy (mrs). Surity mrkin, nry iint lmps n suns. Mil imin n mil trtmnt or nr. Mil trtmnts or nr n strilisin oo. Explntion: Th wvs hv low nry n so r not hrmul or trnsmittin inormtion ovr lon istns. Th wtr in th oo sors th mirowvs n hts up th oo. Mirowvs lso trvl in striht lins so r usul in ommunition. Vry hot ojts miht low, lik th wirs in tostr n trnsr th ht nry to th oo. Th liht wv is rlt insi o th ir without in lost n so n rry t ovr lr istns. Not visil to th humn y on nknots n othr oumnts, so n hlp to intiy ountrit or stoln oos. X-rys pntrt skin n sot tissu, ut not throuh ons so n im n orm. Hihst rquny o ll EM wvs so will pss throuh plsti wrppin n mtl to kill tri. Will lso kill nr lls. Stt our tors tht r t y irnt sustns intrtin with irnt EM wvs: Th mount o sorption or rition o inrr rition y irnt surs ws rquir prtil. Brily outlin mtho or olltin vli rsults or this xprimnt. sorption Covr our oilin tus in irnt mtrils to rt irnt surs; mtt lk, shiny lk, whit n silvr (th inpnnt vril). rltion 3. rrtion Pour th sm volum o th sm strt tmprtur o hot wtr into th tus (ths ontrol vrils nsur vliity). 3. Msur th tmprtur o h tu vry minut (th pnnt vril). 4. Th tu tht ools th stst mits inrr nry th stst. 4. trnsmitt

7 AQA Triloy Unit 6.6: Wvs n Eltromnti Wvs - Hihr Answrs Stt thr typs o EM wvs tht n hv hzrous t: ultrviolt wvs x-rys 3. mm rys Writ th EM wv rom th prvious qustion nxt to th sription o th m it os: Complt th p ill: Cuss skin to prmturly n inrss th risk o skin nr. Cuss ionistion insi o lls, this m ls to th lls yin. Rition os is msur o th risk o hrm rsultin rom xposur o th oy to th rition. It is msur in sivrts, n 1 sivrt (Sv) is quivlnt to 1000 millisivrts (msv). Som typs o rition r mor hzrous thn othrs u to th mount o nry in th wv n how pntrtin it is. ultrviolt wvs x-rys n mm rys Stt two tors tht t th mount o hrm us y rtin EM wvs: typ o rition mount o xposur Evlut th us o mm rys in ttin n trtin nr (4 mrks). Sttmnts shoul o omprtiv ntur. Gmm rys n us to tt nr y instin or injtin riotiv sour s trr. This is niil so rly trtmnt n ommn n th outom is thror mor likly to positiv in trms o li-xptny. Howvr, th nry mitt y mm rys is th hihst in th EM sptrum, so sours with short hl livs must us. Gmm rys n us to trt nr without invsiv surry n hih ous m uss th nr lls to mutt urthr, rsultin in thm yin. Howvr, norml lls nry r lso t n unro ionistion rsultin in th ptint lin unwll. Evlut th us o x-rys in mil imin (4 mrks). X-rys n us to tt rokn ons, visulis ntl issus, trt nr lls n s prt o CT sns. Howvr, x-rys n us ionistion in lls n inrs th hn o muttion thror lin to rpily rowin n iviin lls ( tumour). Sust why nurss wr l-lin prons whn prormin x-ry xmintions. Nurss wr l-lin prons u to two tors: thy r xpos to hrmul x-rys towrs th uppr n o th EM sptrum, n lso on rulr sis. Th x-rys thmslvs r hihly ionisin n n us m to th ll, rsultin in muttions n potntilly lin to unontroll ll rowth ( tumour). Thror, nurss n ru thir rition os y wrin l-lin pron. Stt two othr prutions tht nurss n hlthr prossionls n unrtk to ru th hrm o x-rys. Work rom istn/stp into nothr room/stn hin lss winow. Wr rition /osimtr to msur n ror xposur. 3 h

8 AQA Triloy Unit 6.6: Wvs n Eltromnti Wvs - Hihr Answrs 4 Complt th p ill: Th sp o wv pns on th mtril (mium) it is trvllin throuh. I wv hns rom on mium to nothr, th sp hns too. Wvs r only rrt whn thy mt th ounry twn two mi t n nl. Th mor th sp hns twn th two mi, th rtr th irtion o th wv hns. Us rulr to rw th pth o th liht ry s it trvls throuh th lss lok. In th irm in, th liht ry is trvllin rom ir with low rrtiv inx, into lss with hihr rrtiv inx (s t in tl low). Thror upon ntrin th lss, th sp slows own n th ry is rrt towrs th norml. Wht hppns s th liht lvs th lss lok n trvls into th ir? You must rr to th norml in your nswr. Th liht trvls rom hih rrtiv inx (lss) to lowr rrtiv inx (ir), so th liht ns wy rom th norml. Us rulr to omplt th wv ront irm: hih nsity mium low nsity mium Howvr, wv tht mts th ounry t 90 (prpniulr) will not rrt. Liht wvs trvl str in ir thn in lss. Th hn in sp n thus irtion twn ths two mi n shown usin ry irm. Choos th orrt phrs y irlin th nswr: In th irm ov, whn liht wv ntrs wtr t n nl Th rrtiv inx o mium is th xtnt to whih th liht is rrt whn it ntrs th mium. Look t th tl o t: Mium Rrtiv Wht onlusions n rwn rom th t? Inx Air hs th lowst rrtiv inx, vlu o 1, n imon hs th hihst rrtiv inx o 4. ir 1 Air is s n hs th lowst rrtiv inx. Thn th rrtiv inx inrss in liquis (wtr) n inrss urthr in solis (lss n imon). th irst prt o th liht wv slows own/ sps up. th rst o th wv ontinus t hihr/ lowr sp. 3. this uss th wv to hn irtion towrs/wy rom th norml. lss 5 wtr 3 imon 4