Vanden Bout/LaBrake CH301
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1 Vanden Bout/LaBrake CH301 ELECTRON CONFIGURATION and BONDING UNIT 2 Day 4
2 Important InformaIon EXAM WRAPPER POSTED- 20 BONUS POINTS LM18 Posted DUE TH 9AM (NGLM10- Ionic- Covalent Compounds & NGLM11- Nomenclature) CH302 Vanden Bout/LaBrake Spring 2012
3 What are we going to learn today? Electron Configuration and Bonding" Relate the valence shell electron configuration to bonding" Understand the similarities and differences between ionic and covalent bonding" Recognize and name compounds based on elemental composition"
4 Where are the electrons in Ne? 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 very stable gas Z=10 Where are the electrons in Na? [Ne]3s 1 not so stable metal Z=11 Where are the electrons in K? [Ar]4s 1 more, not so stable metal Z=19
5 Shielding and Effective Nuclear Charge" Leb to Right Z eff is increasing Top to Bodom Z eff is similar Top to Bodom. Electron in higher in Energy. Farther from the nucleus THIS CAN EXPLAIN A LOT ABOUT THE PERIODIC TABLE
6 Trend: Atomic Radii
7
8 EXPLAIN SPIKE IN IONIZATION ENERGY!
9 SHOW SOME ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS OF IONS
10
11 ELECTRON LEAVES.. WHERE DOES IT GO?" Metals tend to give up electrons to nonmetals, in each case the valence is saisfied SomeImes is complicated eg in the sodium in water demo SomeImes is more obvious 2Na(s) + Cl 2 (g) 2NaCl(s) SomeImes they are already gone!
12 Ionic Compound downhill in energy.."
13 Ionic Compounds " Not a discrete pair of ions it is a whole collection"
14 Ionic Radius
15 Polyatomic Ions Calcium Carbonate Ca 2+ CO 3 2- Know the names and formulas for all the common polyatomic ions. See the Data & Tables under more on the ebook
16 Naming Ionic Compounds " You need to be able to name common ionic compounds and with elemental ions and polyatomic ions. WEBSITE FUNDAMENTALS NGLM11 GREAT WORKSHEET!
17 What about compounds that aren t ionic.. Covalent?" How are they formed? Are electrons lost???? No.. They are shared (two non- metals two elements with similar electronegaiviies)
18 Covalent Compounds" Characterize the bond. Bond Length Bond Strength Electron Pair Shared Equally? YES PURE COVALENT NO POLAR COVALENT SHOW THE SIMULATOR..
19
20 ElectronegaIvity- electron pulling power of an atom when it is part of a molecule When one atom is more electronegaive than another in a bond, a polar covalent bond is formed. Degree of polarity is dependent on difference in electronegaiviies.
21
22 Ionic vs Covalent Bonds All bonds can be viewed as hybrids between purely ionic and purely covalent When two idenical atoms are bound, it is purely covalent. When two different atoms are bound, one may have a greater adracion for electrons, and have a parial negaive charge. Polar covalent bond degree is measured as dipole moment When one atom has a much stronger adracion to the electrons than the other, an electron may be donated yielding an ionic bond.
23 Covalent Compounds - Naming"
24 Covalent Compounds" What is adached to what? Valence electrons Lewis symbols Lewis Structure SaIsfy the Octet H 2 CH 4
25 What have we learned?" NUCLEAR CHARGE FELT BY VALENCE ELECTRONS IS SHIELDED BY THE CORE ELECTRONS ATOMS BEHAVE IN CERTAIN PREDICTABLE WAYS WHICH CAN BE CORRELATED TO THE ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS IONIC BONDS TEND TO FORM BETWEEN METALS AND NONMETALS COVALENT BONDS TEND TO FORM BETWEEN NONMETALS AND NONMETALS NAMING COMPOUNDS IS IMPORTANT AND NECESSARY
26 Learning Outcomes" IdenIfy metals and non- metals and predict types of compounds (ionic/covalent) Between different elements Relate coulombs law and laqce energy Name basic binary ionic compounds including polyatomic ions Name basic covalent compounds containing two elements Explain the trends in electro- negaivity on the periodic table DifferenIate between pure covalent and polar covalent bonds
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Today: Summary of Quantum Mechanics: Core vs. Valence Electrons Ionic vs. Covalent Bonding: Electron transfer from one element to another Sharing Electrons Lewis Dot Structures: Following Octet Rule Drawing