Liquid Scintillator Time Projection Chamber Concept
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1 Liquid Scintillator Time Projection Chamber Concept N. McConkey, Y. A. Ramachers 13 th Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detectors Siena 2013
2 Contents Motivation Neutrino physics Room temperature liquids Organic liquid scintillators Time dependence in room temperature liquids Outlook for the future 2
3 Motivation Future neutrino detectors: Large volume / target mass Good energy resolution Tracking capability Liquid Argon time projection chamber (TPC) fits these criteria well. S. Amerio el al. (2004) 3
4 A room temperature Liquid Scintillator TPC
5 Past work Free electrons in room temperature liquids first observed in late 60s Neopentane Tetramethysilane (TMS) TMS ionisation chamber built in early 80s Chosen for spherical shape of molecules J. Engler & H. Keim (1983) I. Adamczewski & J. H. Calder (1976) 5
6 Organic Liquid Scintillators Safe solvents developed over past 20 years Widely used in particle physics (SNO+, RENO, Daya Bay, LENA) Optical properties well known Charge transport (until now) unknown 6
7 Benefits of a LScint TPC Fine grained tracking across whole volume Comparative simplicity of infrastructure to LAr Existing expertise in purification to high level Potential: Large volume detectors for long baseline ν physics Isotope loading for use in ββ experiments 7
8 Initial Experiments Chemical Di isopropyl naphthalene (DIN) Molecule Shape Mono isopropyl naphthalene (MIPN) Mono isopropyl biphenyl (MIBP) Phenyl xylyl ethane (PXE) Linear alkyl benzene (LAB) Gridded ionisation chamber with drift distance 22mm (above) Detector currently Multiwire Proportional Counter with variable drift distance N.McConkey Liquid Scintillator Time Projection Chamber Concept 8
9 Time dependence Liquids exhibit time dependent behaviour Total event rate decrease over time Pulse populations present in data sample change as a function of time 9
10 Time dependence in DIN 10
11 Time dependence in PXE 300Bq 210 Pb β source in detector Total event rate decreases Clear temperature dependence 11
12 Time dependence in PXE Different pulse populations have different time dependence Slow pulses (~16μs) disappear Fast pulses (~250ns) increase in rate 12
13 Background current in Dielectric Liquids Historical evidence that highly insulating liquids break down under very high electric fields Background current from: Impurities Field cleans detector Leakage current Evidence for both in detector On the Backround Current in the Dielectric Ionisation Chambers Ladu, Pelliccioni, Roccella (1965) Conduction of Electricity by Dielectric Liquids at High Field Strengths Plumley (1940) 13
14 Time dependence in PXE Event rate with 300Bq 210 Pb β source Event rate decreases with time Spurious bursts of pulses present Selected distribution of pulses stays constant 14
15 Outlook Work in progress! Charge transport in organic liquid scintillators seems to present many challenges Time dependence in liquids seen as pulses, rather than a current measurement No clear observation of radioactive source yet: Chosen liquids may behave typical hydrocarbons: very low mobility Turn to higher mobility hydrocarbons for a TPC 15
16 Backup slides
17 C 16 H 20 Di isopropyl naphthalene Tested pure solvent and scintillation cocktail with fluors Observed event rate difference Pure solvent: Black points Scintillation cocktail: Red points 17
18 Di isopropyl naphthalene 18
19 C 16 H 14 Mono isopropyl naphthalene Organic solvent similar chemically to DIN Not used for scintillation counting 19
20 Mono isopropyl naphthalene 20
21 C 15 H 16 Mono isopropyl biphenyl Organic solvent similar chemically to DIN Not used for scintillation counting 21
22 Mono isopropyl biphenyl 22
23 Linear Alkyl Benzene C 6 H 5 C 10 H 21 to C 13 H 27 Scintillation cocktail, solvent with fluors Dielectric constant of LAB much lower than other solvents High electric fields not possible 23
24 Phenyl xylyl ethane C 16 H 18 Scintillation cocktail, solvent with fluors 24
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